This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world's books discoverable online.
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.
Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.
Usage guidelines
Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:
+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.
+ Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.
+ Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.
+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.
About Google Book Search
Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web
at jhttp : //books . qooqle . com/
/f """ ' K yo ../ ^ ~" '-;*"' ^
Digitized by LiOOQ
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
HARVARD
COLLEGE
LIBRARY
Digitized by
Google
\
J METHOD GASPEY-OTTO-SAUER
I
OR THE STUDY OF MODERN LANGUAGES
GULIAN
ELEMENTARY
MODERN ARMENIAN
GRAMMAR
1ULIUS GROOS. HEIDELBERG
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
ELEMENTARY
MODERN ARMENIAN GRAMMAR.
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
METHOD GASPE Y - OTTO - SAUER.
, S ELBMENTARY
MODERN ARMENIAN GRAMMAR
/£
BY
KEVORK H. GULIAN/ A. B.
INSTRUCTOR IN ANATOLI^ COLLEGE
MAR SO VAN (MERZIFOUN).
W*
LONDON.
DAVID NUTT, 57-69 Long Acre. DULAU & Co, 87 Soho Square.
SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON A Cc St. Dunstan's House, Fetter
Lane, Fleet Street.
NEW YORK.
BRENTANO'S, F. W. CHRISTERN, E. STEIGER & Co.,
81 Union Square. 254 Fifth Avenue. 25 Park Place.
BOSTON, 0. A. EOEHLER & Co., 149A Tremont Street.
HEIDELBERG.
JULIUS GROOS.
1902.
Digitized by
Google
2>3-bH.^3L
S
/^harvard \
university
LIBRARY
HO/ 101004/
The method of Gaepey-Otto-8auer is my own private property,
having been acquired by purchase from the authors. The text-books
made after this method are incessantly improved. All rights, espe-
cially the right of making new editions, and the right of translation
for all languages, are reserved. Imitations and fraudulent impressions
will be proseouted according to law. I am thankful for communi-
cations relating to these matters.
Htidtlherg. JuliUB CtTOOS
Digitized by
Google
Contents.
Page
Alphabet 1
Pronunciation 2
Tonic Accent 8
Punctuation 4
Lesson 1. Indefinite Article 4
„ 2. Definite Article 5
„ 3. Plural of Nouiir G
„ 4. The partitive Sense 8
„ 5. Declension of Nouns; First Declension .... 9
„ 6. Second Declension 11
„ 7. Postpositions 12
„ 8. Third Declension 14
„ 9. Law of Permutation and Elision 15
„ 10. Fourth Declension 17
„ 11. Fifth Declension 18
„ 12. Sixth Declension 19
„ 13. The Auxiliary Verb If W I am 20
„ 14. Determinative Adjectives; Demonstrative Ad-
jectives 22
„ IB. Irregular Declensions 24
„ 16. Possessive Adjectives 26
„ 17. Proper Nouns 28
„ 18. Formation of Female Appellations 31
3 „ 19. Numeral Adjectives; Cardinal Numbers .... 34
^ „ 20. Ordinal Numbers 87
^ „ 21. Indefinite Adjectives 40
Hi » 22. Adjectives 42
„ 23. Degrees of Comparison 46
„ 24. Regular Verbs; First Conjugation 49
„ 25. Second Conjugation 58
Digitized by
Google
VI
Page
Lesson 26. Third Conjugation 56
„ 27. The negative Forms of the Verbs 58
„ 28. Pronouns 61
„ 29. Demonstrative Pronouns 63
„ 80. Possessive Pronouns 65
„ 81. Indefinite Pronouns 69
„ 82. Passive Verbs 72
„ 38. Impersonal Verbs 74
„ 84. Irregular Verbs; First Class 75
„ 35. Irregular Verbs; Second Class 78
„ 36. Adverbs; Adverbs of place, Adverbs of time . 81
„ 87. Adverbs of quantity etc 81
„ 38. Derivative Adverbs 86
„ 89. Conjunctions 89
„ 40. Interjections 91
„ 41. Defective Verbs 92
„ 42. The Participle 95
„ 48. Some derivative verbs 99
„ 44. Apposition, Vocative etc 102
Appendix.
I. Selection of useful words 105
II. Phrases for Armenian Conversation 119
III. Beading Exercises
A. Prose 134
B. Poetry 152
IV. Vocabulary
A. Armenian-English 167
B. English-Armenian 185
Digitized by
Google
I have begun, and am proceeding in the study
of the Armenian language . . .
It is a rich language, and would amply repay
any one the trouble of learning it.
Lord Byron.
Digitized by
Google
Armenian Writing Alphabet.
1*0X1118
Names
Pronunciation
Forma
Names
Pronunciation
1/L.
aip
a in father
«/>
men
m
Ft
pen
P
3*
he
h or y
<M
kim
k
%,\
noo
n
fa.
tah
t
shah
sh
t;
yetch
ye in yes
Tin
vo
vo or o
%
zah
z
9
chah
ch in c/*arm
U
a
a in fat
"/«;
bay
b
Ke-
yet
u in t/s
4*
chay
ch in r/iarm
pt
toh
t
7h~
rrah
r Scotch
J*
zhay
s in measure
Z/„,
say
s
<-/>/.
inni
e in me
U
vev
V
■&>&
lune
1
M r
dune
d
H 1
khay
ch German
vV
ray
r
£->
dzah
dz
2?
tso
ts
W
ghen
g hard
Vfc*
hune
u or v
4/t
ho
h
*>+
pure
P
2>
tsah
ts
m
kay
k
%%
ghad
y Greek
o.
It
jay
J
fit
fay
f
^ is a contraction for A*
Digitized by
Google
Alphabet.
The Armenian alphabet consists of 38 letters, viz.
09
•43
ft
eS
X
a>
Name
Proper sound
U
cir
a'ip as in ripe
a as in far
P*
F
pen
P
H-
t
kim
k
^
*
tah
t
1?
lr
yech
y as in yet
A
t
zah
z
t
k
a
e as in met
a
a
yet
u as in us
p-
P
to
t
*
<L
zhay
s as is measure
b
A
ini
i as in Jin
u
L
lune
1
h-
£
kh
kh guttural; Greek/
Yr
^
dzah
dz
'i
*
ghen
g hard
A
<J
ho
h
2
A
tsah
ts
•L
%.
ghad
gh guttural ; Greek y
rf
rf
jay
J
IT
«T
men
m
8
J
he
h or y
*b
%
noo
n
t
L
shah
sh
n
"
vo
vo or o
Eleme
ntafy Ar
menjan Grammar.
i
Digitized by
Google
Pronunciation
1
-*3
H
o
Name
Proper sound
o
a
*_
chah
ch as in church
«n
If
bay
b
*
z
chay
ch as in church
n*
n.
rrah
r Scotch
u
u
say
s
*u
t
vev
V
s
u.
dune
d
p
r
ray
r
8
a
tso
ts
h
*.
hune
u or v
*
*
pure
P
*
■e
kay
k
o
©
o
*
*
fay
f
The original alphabet consisted of 3G letters,
O and q» were added during the twelfth century.
L is a contraction for **. (yev).
Of the above letters «*, *, 4# ^# />, », *. and •
are vowels, the rest are consonants.
IV- # *y> * m * *°» **-» /"-> "*- an( i V are compound
vowels.
l>us t fck 9 fi»i fo 9 fin
and kfi are diphthongs.
*-A» —■&$ ***•*%
•t kn | kn
y ^ Pronunciation.
L h* when it begins a word and is followed by a
consonant, is pronounced like ye in yet, as *£- I;
elsewhere followed by a consonant it is like e in met,
as $trp hair; followed by a vowel it is simply y, as
t i t, t »\e gyanh life.
It is not used at the end of words.
K x Greek and %, y Greek are deep gutturals,
and the pronunciation of them must be acquired
through the ear. -
Digitized by
Google
Accent. ti ^.3
8 is h at the beginning of words, as 6"^ "/* Ja&ob ;
elsewhere it is y, as <J«*//t Aire father, *«/" ayo yes ; this
letter retains the sound of h in compound words in
which the latter part is a word beginning with j f as
l/"VV" U-a-hooys hopeful, compounded of ^ fiitt and
j»j» hope. At the end of words it is silent, as *>*»«***%•»}
sadanah Satan, J!rpk%»y mekenah machine. The fol-
lowing nine words are the exceptions to this rule:
"0 0!, p»y verb, phj tea, fa?/ ram, Z,y Armenian,
*'V jay, >vy fairy? lav wo - and % ™J liquid (letter).
n is vo at the beginning of words, as «ff/ vorti
son, except when followed by £, as »£ ov who?;
elsewhere it is o, as {»£ gov cow, %»p nor new.
n«- is oo, as ««-£_ oo? kid, ——.% doon house; but it is
pronounced v before a vowel, as u«m£^ asdvadz God.
flj is simply o at the end of words, as V{/ no
Noah, fy^iv yerego evening; but in the middle of a
word it becomes ooy, as w looys light, ^yp kooyr sister.
h L is eev before a vowel or at the end of a word,
as p-f*. feev number, t^i«^«/» teevahar possessed of
devils; elsewhere it is u French, as ty«-fc tsune snow.
In any other combination, «- is v, as <>««- hav hen,
%rf»£.u»mf» / »«r navadorm navy.
The remaining letters are uniform in their pro-
nunciation, and need no remark.
When two or more consonants come together
without a vowel, they are pronounced as if written
with c. • as Wfcw/'i. Baptist is pronounced «£fci»«"M' In
the case of primitive words commencing with one of
the sibilants ^, u « preceded by only one consonant,
this euphonic /» is generally pronounced as if written
before the sibilant, as 1$. •—*— sober, ^? ,uu l haste, ««•»«»{
money, pronounced as if written ^f»«», tvr mu l an d
nuuntuh •
Tonic Accent.
The tonic accent in Armenian stands on the last
syllable, whether the word be primitive or derivative,
except when the word end in £ ; in this case the tonic
accent is thrown back on the penultimate, as faA-ifa
the knife, it"»t/ i rc. ^he news-paper.
Digitized by
Google
4 . Lesson 1.
Punctuation.
The pauses used in Armenian are three, viz.
Comma (■), Colon (.), Period («).
The note of interrogation (*) is placed over the
accented vowel of the principal word in the question.
Accordingly in the question, Have you an orange? the
interrogation point may be placed over any one of
the words of which it is composed in Armenian; thus,
«h«4j» %u* r /,%£ Jfc »i.%fip 9 Have you an orange? 1***^
%u* r [r%£ Jfc »*.%fi£, Have you an orange? 'bA^ *«y/ft£
J£ »i-%f>.p t Have you an orange?
The exclamation point (') in like manner, is placed
over the accented syllable of interjections, or of other
words used as exclamations, or uttered with emotion,
as um-u^ alas! U^/««^ U«- ?**.*-% Sweet Auburn! /^«,
f*«Tl£, light! life!
Sentences, which contain a mark of interrogation
or exclamation, have still their appropriate pauses at
the close, in the same way as other sentences.
The hyphen ( — ) is placed at the end of a line,
where a word is incomplete.
The acute accent ('), though it is placed upon
the tone syllable of words, has for its object to mark
rather emphasis than accent.
The grave accent ( % ) indicates a brief suspension
of the voice. It is placed after words, and is in effect
of a pause shorter than a comma.
The remaining signs of punctuation being the
same as in English, need no further explanation.
First Lesson.
Indefinite Article.
The indefinite article a, an is expressed in Ar-
menian by «£ or «£fc, and uniformly follows the noun
to which it belongs.
The -£ becomes Jjfo when followed by «*£. too,
also, tr<r I am, k*> thou art, k he, she or it is, **^ we
are, kg you are, tt» they are; kfi I was, kfo thou wast,
k? he was, kf>kp we were, khg you were, kjfc they were.
Digitized by
Google
Article.
Words. 1 )
fart Jfr a rose.
tyutvrni. jj^ a, cat.
V«? a horse.
ki_ «£ an ass.
b%_ *£ an ox.
^nA jfc a dog.
Sing. (*»)*) ««-ty«T I have.
(^ift%) nth/,,, thou hast.
(,$$%) **.%£ he, she or
it has.
ttw
J? a
book.
trtt
JJl a
pen.
uuitnln
« ^
a pencil,
tf'L "C a spoon.
uyn yes. «£. no.
—kp sir. *«., »«_ and.
Plur. (Jtotp) n*xpiq> we have.
(f--^) »&[ip you have.
(nshnttn} nu%[$% they
have.
Exercise 1.
iil. &+ Jf* nub^bpt <y>u/btul( tlh nuhftpx \jP *fi* nCbftlit 1^/M»
tfj^ nubfSut fl'^, ?-/»/&£_ tPp_ nt-ufitTt Qft t/fc ntlififet \\jn 9 St/»»
t%_ «&tr uta ntlhfiUox ^a.tut tfit niSbfr i fl'« f nutbutlf Jrt nt-hfu
%?[*£_ Jh nLbft %t Wjii) Jut tn [tut Jnh tut ni\tfiti t $ntli JpU fct
Translation 2.
I have a pen. We have a dog. They have a book.
Have you an ass? No, Sir, I have a horse. Has he an
ox? Yes, he has also a cow. She has a rose. They
have a cat. Thou hast an orange. It is a hen. It was
a machine. You have a son.
Second Lesson.
Definite Article. 8 )
The definite form of nouns is produced by adding
£ to the simple form when the latter ends with a
consonant, and % when it ends with a vowel, as:
tf.nt.n. door. f.»«.«-£ the door.
-th key.
fuiutjfii the key.
f ) These words as well as those contained in the preceding
rules must be thoroughly committed to memory, before doing the
exercises and translations.
2 ) Observe that a paranthesis (. . .) encloses a word to be
translated or an annotation, whereas brackets [. . .] signify
'leave out'.
s ) The article should be repeated after each substantive of
a sentence. For the partitive sense see the 4 th lesson.
Digitized by
Google
6 Lesson 3.
Nouns ending in silent j drop that letter in
their definite form, which is formed by adding % , as :
—TV boy. -qus\ the boy.
wfffLUfj tooth. t ui[,uu.\ the tooth.
The % is added also to nouns followed by «*- and,
um L also, too, -%fS even, fi»4 too; *«/* lam, *« thou
art, k he is, l*\g we are, 4^ you are, *% they are; 4£
I was, kfo thou wast, 4/t he was, 4^p we were, 4/^?
you were, 4^*» they were.
$*vcc the father.
fords.
«*«- (sev) black. 1 )
«/«2//Y» the mother.
tfkpJuif white.
*"WVrii the brother.
p>»rb good.
T-nuuvpi. the daughter.
«*^4^ well, good.
7-^ir the wine.
tki_ bad.
^uM^us'isiu'h the priest.
2^/» naughty, bad
Exercise 3.
pwpfi n Plf? dh atA/tt \jqff nt. tynifci iflrpiliufy £lr i ^pfitff at -
Jmmftian u»qk% h'hx ^{yipl* mt mt {k^ 4« *|»/M^tr ^tupi^ip (red)
4y» < *$ypi» «»*- ^qp-'Y/pp t!fV ^ * C/"-^7* **^*- 4* • UL C /'' » £*»*-Mr ««-
fyuiuintUb uLl. trhi £qui% puipfi £t
Translation 4.
The mother has a good daughter. Have they a
red rose? Yes, Sir, they have also a white rose. Is
the daughter beautiful? Even the mother is beautiful
(t^'z^M)- The door and (the) key are bad. The son
has a knife and (a) spoon. It is the orange.
Third Lesson.
Plural of Nouns.
The plural is regularly formed by adding to
monosyllables fy, to words more than one syllable
Mp# as:
') Adjectives, as in English, are undeclined, except when
used as substantives. This part of speech is fully treated in
Lesson 22.
Digitized by
Google
Plural of Nouns. 7
Sing. *»j— cheek. Plur. «y*\>t cheeks.
#t>p- nose. #tPh noses.
um\u,%£ ear. m^m%f}\f ears.
""ilfrk girl* «"LlH x lt girls.
Nouns ending in silent j drop that letter in the
plural, as:
l^"-i'»j market. ^$.^1^ markets.
4trf„t» n %L W j Christian. %p / r/«#m#»fc*«»tt P Christians.
Compound words in which the latter part is
monosyllable, form their plurals by adding fy, as:
w^lriu,!- steam-ship. 2»+lr%-i\r t steam-ships.
j-$y[tu*t»nt.% school-house. ^.«y^u#«wf»t.irtj. school-houses.
Words (/u»«.fy).
^IL"-^P ^ ie head. ufcntA pretty.
>»14>C the eye. "**t u gty\
«^}*/"«(l the pupil. ftu%H»»tkf diligent.
m.tr»/fe„2i» the student. *-«/{_ lazy, idle.
nLum-gfttz the teacher. f-Ti. g re y*
fu%Jinp£ the apple. ^.A^fr* yellow,
^mm^iff/yt the writing-book. p-.fr brown.
Ju$ etp. the man. p«yg but. ^">'£. what?
Exercise 5.
\**lb£_ nubfip x \ 7 u fyuipjftp fttb&rtpbtrpft f»t_tr^«/*t Jflgmfirpm*
%kpp /5^£_ nLbfthx {flinty* ttPft^PP* tPtt^^PIL ^ rtm f-P"""^*"^
P^PP ntfbphx Xktil'ip iftrpJiufy tu£n.utbirp f tfUMpifftp uijutlrp bu
ftnt-fu ui£j>trp na.%fiz \Jbinp1tlrpp tytupJfip b% f puijg'huipftb^
Tilrpp rj.tr qfiti trht i\^iuprj.lrpti uib fyutpJffp kfi»* fl'^J uAtnbp
TflrpJiufy fcflti t ^nq.h%uti.lrpn Jbp&lbuAitrp nubfiUt {\t-iiuibntjhlrpp
Translation 6.
The teachers have many (£«•«") school-houses. The
doors have many keys. The sister has pretty eyes and
white teeth. Have you the horses? No, Sir, I have
the asses and (the) cows. What have the teachers?
They have the diligent students. Asses have big
(fr>»znp) ears. The mothers are ugly, but the daughters
are prettjr.
Digitized by
Google
Fourth Lesson.
The partitive Sense.
The idea conveyed by some or any before a noun
employed in the partitive sense, is expressed in Ar-
menian by the mere word, without any article, both
in the singular and plural. Ex:
Sing. A^s bread or some Plur. hru,^%k c flowers,
bread.
^U0 F U0^. (some) butter. "yMp goats.
*"hb gold. Htf,u*p%lrp sheep.
ui P hru.p- silver. ^mm.^/t-m^ eggs.
JkfuA (some) ink. fa&e V l S 3 '
This form (without article) is also emploj r ed after
nouns importing measure, quantity and weight] nor is the
English prepositon of then translated in Armenian. Ex. :
y.u*t.,»p- J? unup€ a cup of 4£-i_ «£ f^w a pound of
coffee.
cherries.
zfl. 'Qt *t % b a bottle of wine.
ujuiuiiun- jj± ^m#0 a slice of
bread.
HPJt **& k°l£k & V Rlv °f shoes,
of pens.
Sing. (i»») **&kfi
hadst.
I had.
Wfo thou
Plur. («AV) * A klke we had.
(f"&) nL ^h^ you had.
(«<)rj NU%kp
he had
(«fftrff^) nulti/,% they
had.
Words.
«y«i»^ff cheese.
Jfcu meat.
1—-P water.
t-p- milk.
2*ig—p sugar.
u"l_ salt.
tHt-jujuy stocking.
Xbn.%ng gl0V6.
ft$ufhui^ glass, cup.
^uigutfu vinegar.
,, p | will you have?
H—~'L*g J ( j y 0U w i s h?
"tVH^'l. pepper.
^np piece, bit.
tf Ln 1 I will have.
♦"^i-Iwish.
' Exercise 7.
\)U ^wg £ri If ut [i us if. ni-lkfit ftfbnltp aufyfi trc atpbuifl ««-» .
Digitized by
Google
Partitive Sense — Declension of Nouns. 9
Jiitutfitn ^'nt-abiTi <\+iut-t*[3- t/pfity m.tr^jps f|> » S^/'t f-i"*-ua[3- tip
unt-plk nt-lfitTt \\*b ujuiutusn. tip ^uiij Irt. Lump Jp luu/bftp nuUt?p t
tJ-[&[* Lrc fyutnp tip Jpu fy'nt-atrtTt WypP Jt^P *0* t"b&np ntX^rp t
Translation 8.
What has the daughter? She has a pair of gloves.
Who ("£ ov) has [some] sugar? We have [some] sugar
and milk. Will you have a glass of water? No, I will
have a glass of wine and a slice of cheese. The
teacher has a pair of shoes. The fathers have pigs
and goats. The brothers had a dozen eggs. Who lias
many flowers? The man has a pound of cherries.
Fifth Lesson.
Declension of Nonns.
There are in Armenian six cases:
the Nominative n*-?^}* 1 * •
the Accusative z,uygm\m%.
the Genitive u*«-#*ftiA.
the Dative $?-%-%.
the Ablative ^mgtmm.mf u,% .
the Instrumental «!.«/»&/«» }«»fc .
These cases present only four distinct forms, the
Accusative being (in nouns though not in pronouns)
the same with the Nominative, and the Dative with
the Genitive, both in singular and plural, and in order
to distinguish them in the sentence, we must ask the
following questions:
for the Nominative 'who'? or 'what'?
„• „ Accusative 'whom'? or 'what'?
„ „ Genitive 'whose'?, 'of whom'? or 'of which'?
„ „ Dative 'to whom'? or 'to which'?
„ „ Ablative 'from whom'? or 'from which'?
„ „ Instrumental 'with whom'? or 'with what'?
There are six regular declensions, the first of which
presents the most usual mode and comprises the
greatest number of nouns.
Digitized by
Google
10 Lesson 5.
First Declension.
a) without article (monosyllable).
Singular. Plural.
Nom. and Ace. fart rose, farter roses.
Gen. and Dat. fapti of or fapt^t m " of or to roses.
to rose.
Abl. fapt^ from rose. fanh^ from roses.
Inst. fact m L with rose. fanh-i. with roses.
b) with the definite article 1 ) (polysyllable).
Nom. and Ace. -p»*-p the t*p-»*.%l'[£ the chairs.
chair.
Gen. and Dat. -p--n}% of -p-um.%\. t n~% of or to the
or to the chair. chairs.
Abl. u»p- n m.]fl, from the chair -p-u.%^% from the chairs.
Inst. u,p- u *.nfe with the •»/?»«&};»{£ with the chairs.
chair.
Remarks.
1. Nouns ending in «• preceded by a consonant
add j in the oblique cases of the singular. Ex.:
Nom. and Ace. tyA«£. climate Abl. iu£«o»j6.
„ „ „ Of*- Sinai. „ U^^t.
Gen. and Dat. U/A«%^* Inst. i|/A-&y"£«
2. The possessor must in Armenian precede the
object possessed, and the article is to be added to
both. Ex. : 0w«^.««*-##/»/&i t'^t. ^ e king's throne, hitf-ty 1
-pq-l^ the prince's son, utp-n.%kpuiX m^Ap^the chairs' feet.
Words.
bu*m.£ the tree. im——.$m%£ the window.
«t4flr<.£ the leaf. faf't'Utu ^ e curtain.
puMpk^uiJ^ the friend. «»«.;»£ the sword.
p-m-imtXn the bird. .y*«.-iAi«A£ the sheath.
fa'u^utfe the cage. «Y a 'C" , ^ic the garden.
friu/Uf-Pf* the shop. *"»/• new. ^•n/wm palace.
*£*2i! the branch. ^fy, ^» old. *»"«-/» give
(thou).
') For the indefinite article see the 1st lesson.
Digitized by
Google
2. Declension. 11
Exercise 9.
^.uiptrtftuJfib K^/PP bbp £t Wjutfytrputfib Jbauubp uLl. 4"»
}^nL.pbpni!b u^uttnhtuliblrppt fd%n £nuUpti Jmun-tvty&u t ^ni-truttffb
pt§s$bni.paua pl^h % f\t.utmunqplb ttuttnttumJp^X fiiprurlrAlr ututtututulrpp
unp tffht |»*lr^_ t[nt-akj>i \\wptlfip ifutpq.pt utlrpttLbtrpp Q'ni-*.
obtTt <Hi**pui£-qfrb &utq[ttfUlipni?b (Dat.)* fkni-qflnt/ trt. v%-£ut+.
unifjt G\utuint-^u/uf!u &fptua.njpn ^fli t* ^uttf-tub Jp fn*-p utnt^p
ft up putpultmufihx
Translation 10.
The king's palace is new. The prince's daughter
has a pair of white gloves. From the branches of the
trees. With the machines. Give the eggs to the
teachers. Give a cup of milk to the friend. The pupil's
father has a black dog. They have a dozen bottles.
From the curtains of the windows. She had the bird's
cage. With the soldier's (2AW.#yi-zinvor) sword.
Sixth Lesson.
Second Declension.
This declension includes the nouns, excepting the
monosyllables, ending in \% which make the Gen. and
Dat. singular') in — y to. Ex.:
Singular,
a) witJiotit article. b) with (lie definite article.
Nom. and Ace. m^krmkr 9 f np^/X the son.
church.
Gen. and Dat. H*f*j--j "/"!-— v 1? ) of or to the son.
of or to church.
Abl. Htmtgft from church. »pt4b x from the son.
Inst, ^f^^f^-iwith church. n rtt m {z, with the son.
Words.
npp.uuibqf, sanctuary. lf,p^h%f, olive-tree.
f-puttf/i neighbour. mpJuM^lA^ date-tree.
<;»j/ soul. W'hii^db Englishman.
1 ) In the other cases of the singular and throughout the
plural, they are uniform with the l^t declension.
*) See the pronunciation of «yt
Digitized by
Google
12
Lesson 7.
J$»0ui$u%l> ring.
uu$u limb.
ftt*»quq_ grape.
fWf^ inhabitant.
*»£/» lord, owner.
«Y<#v»c^ fruit.
P'»r*r (• • • l cr) high.
«Vf/ vineyard.
f^ island.
fir%q.m%fi animal.
-ymAfr pigeon.
fo^pin.% salvation.
+njb colour. py* nest.
yut%^.ut^Mn*$*.% belfry.
Exercise II.
\ffylrnbgi_njh qusha.iuLuiinat.lbn paipip t % * Jfrppiutnir qunjU
i£iuputa.njnulrpn B-bntrnfify hut (\u£t.nju a-njbp ti.tr qfth £s \\b%^
tj.iubi.njb ninoirpp Luip7& (sllOrt) tpb* *\*puint.njb q.nt.uutpp ^"fl
kpt Z^rta.L.njh tfrf$fyni-Pfu.%ni f\qust.ut.nfu pn/bpunp k * flp n ~ t -ty u
pusplrlfusJrt fln.^ai.'b djt Itl. tiu»%n.u»L tip nt-ukp t \*u£_ ^ 'nt.ak.fi »
|^|t «/«/«. fflri-jytr nuutp irt Ahfi-a%i.njh iutnat-ttQ L at-qiriPt
Translation 12.
The lord of the vineyard was a good man. The
son's teacher had a pretty rose. Give [some] grass
(I**-) to the animal. The inhabitants of the island
were rich ($tupu*.um). "What will you have? I will have
the keys of the church. The neighbour's house was new.
The horses of the Englishman were brown. The owner
of the ring is a rich man.
Seventh Lesson.
Postpositions.
Only a few prepositions are retained from the An-
cient and used in the Modern Armenian; the rest are
postpositions, since they uniformly follow the nouns or
pronouns which they govern.
a) Postpositions governing the genitive:
7 m.ff.^ir ~*-ft~ before the door.
mui.%1,% tft- behind the house.
m^m^irpmfim ^t-/ again st the pupil.
u k%ku*t i l>% 4-£ %n the room.
^.ktnfiit *«. .puttjuipfb 4fl"" hehveen the
river and the town. [and black.
frut-fuf, *«_ uhuf, 4*£*»4i. between brown
turn-fin. before.
Ir—mi. behind.
7-4«r against.
Jk£ in.
^^Jbetween.
Digitized by
Google
Postpositions. 13
4p-y on, upon. * tr i««l 1L »%f.h {t~j on the desk.
«»•«{ under. „^„ty*, *»-{ under the table.
j,»j_ | nea . r# wrf* * m i near the hill. [waters.
\ beside. {«Af7« f»ij»*fm* >.£ ieswfc the still
-»*t instead of. »w-»fr •rl-tt instead of the son.
£«M/i round, a — . ^^^^ t— rL rowndf the garden.
6^ Postpositions with the dative:
u.n.u.% a (prep.) —- .Xj, pvplfatf jfc without a friend.
without.
<J«/«/^ r for. #ft.«.^/i.^ $«./~ r y r the student.
^£«» with. tv m 3'-v % *L+ «*& the neighbour.
<Tom near. rhiP' *+ near the village. [tree.
«f4* like, as. terib nfr* KA« a rose. &--.[> -fc» as a
c) Postpositions with the ablative:
1*>- or f fu^n Ifckfk'u \ i*.* besides the horses.
besides.
T nt r out of. j*'»i'»pfr f •""f ^^ of the city.
<J £«.„«_ far from. «fm.fc£% £(.*.•- yar /rom home.
d,) Postpositions with the accusative:
rH J (prep.) ft-i f ^"^ towards the sea.
towards.
^ £«7* down. f.*mfc J £» r efown the river.
^ #/» up. ihn.% \ # r up the mountain.
Remark.
Where the prepositions in, at^ to or tnfo are used
iu English, we employ very often a simple accusative,
especially with verbs indicating a state of rest or denoting
a direction or motion from one place to another. Ex. :
^"^^ Ht-tt-jP' k the priest is in the church.
-"0te n m * r»-C-.to £ the girl is a£ the window,
•"l^ fir** V^rP-u the boy goes fo school.
^"rtc £--ft /M* - "- the man fell twfo the water.
nt.»»*.jfili,ljX+m\ fe fTu^f, the teacher lives in London.
bum.!; >«». from tree to tree.
Words.
k-j there is. JU«.fe» the fish (sing.).
f-* there are. if^^uJ^^ the inkstand.
f"Y» there was. lyw^ the wall.
k m jt % there were. fmt/Rt/ffc the bridge.
Digitized by
Google
14 Lesson 8.
Exercise 13.
P»n.£M.tr i/n Lun Ju/linuiLfiU Jkf* <\*ut%uaL Jr$ Lun ulr*.
nuApif mml^x f^g/tt/r iru$n.fii rfpuy k* \lj9-ffcbfin apunfilb tfout
k(>%* I*"" dh ff^C ujwpwtqfju pnt-pf* ^utnu*p[iu Ir*- itrnfiu
u%0mirq^ if. but Jrt fytupt ^np \?Oflp{i tri. ^/>"< s P//fr^ JftOjrt. ^njtu*.
Lutui (grand) ^u»Jhi.pftni fy*y* W^pi-p o-p ut ^ t -^fi ^t*w u yt-f^ t
(to) i'^fftivj* \ t uii-usuui[»'b (sailor) knife /th^iuut Xptuutujlbfth
Djbflpw/Jt-'yb ^uidutp tt \\utu»uSh (Satail) filt q-td** tywnp
(glory) ^ jir-b t #/"
Translation 14.
The mother was [at] the window. There was a
dish of meat upon the table. The bird's nest is on
the tree. The ship goes down the river. There was
[some] ink in the inkstand. The prince lives [in]
Berlin (^^r/^). The preacher (^T'i^lfi) g° es [t°] the
church. He is far from home. She went (**«»#) out of
the school-house without permission (<£/•«**&#&). Besides
the roses there was also a lily (i—-]^).
Eighth Lesson.
Third Declension.
This declension contains a few nouns, chiefly
monosyllables, which make the Gen. and Dat. singular')
in •-. Ex,:
Singular.
a) Without article. b) With the definite article.
Nom. and Ace. *-«£ sea. «»^t ft the sun.
Gen. and Dat. *-»£- of or mfk*.»*\ of or to the sun.
to sea.
Abl. *-«# from sea. «pK(.x from the sun.
Inst. *-»£{. with sea. «npfr«.»{£ with the sun.
Such are: Z,»y Armenian. $.»» class. ±*—r hour.
t—r century. +>-$ throne. £»<> gain. «pP" calf. —rf_ bear.
ki_ ass. i/ horse. <>«««- hen. w«. ship. f«£ cow. <>«£
wind. «&»£ death. *fa%t_ lad, boy. «y«»<J watch, f/ corpse,
p-f shovel. *«£ famine.
') See the footnote '), fith lesson.
Digitized by
Google
3. Declension — Law of Permutation. 15
The following four nouns elide in all other cases
the vowel or compound vowel of the Nom. singular. Ex. :
Nom. and Ace. f£»-^ head. Abl. f /A4 .
n 77 77 u " r l" month. „ mJS\.
n » 77 ZTP'"^ week. „ v> P p\r*
Gen. and Dat. ^/A*—. Inst, tit'-i,*
77 77 77 «•»•-• „ «"»•{,•
77 ?7 77 srrA*-— 77 z m eP m L*
77 77 77 *—£-— „ *-"£•{,.
Words.
f'^/«/* mast. p—plp tall, high.
^«"^ saddle. Vfa/* long. f««f * short.
P-nJ-fcuU CUb. upujh-uan. bright.
«Y"*_ tail. o r day. 4^vlb % last.
£**■.£*»£ chicken. A" v £r big. ^.
afiujp^ku/h minute. *«m^ year. ^"^
Exercise 15.
f*£#»ilr utlguiLf%trpp [un+np t>1bt *i t tut_nt% t^ufjtTrt put pip ipt
*lfini% fltnt/pp ^fitt £t ty«/2r rn.tr ptupuiphirppi jutpflncb
opbpp) optrpntX J-usJbpp tru J-uatTmfb ifuypfylruttiUlrppt -guidl.
pm.1t i[puy ^tupnt-uvt tfutpq. Jp l^uipx ^tfunt.% ututfyt *\%utpntJb
aflrpffib uiutpfth 4-t \\p^e»L^ pnJ-ftuhp uto.&n £t f|fi^?/?i_tr «y*£|y
fyutplf £pt '^nif.b'buit-p ^nifnt.'li q.^iT tut fy'trpftuyx
Translation 16.
Give the lily to the lad. I like (fe «^/»*«T) the
cow's milk. In the first (—«.*.££%) watch. Around the
bright throne. The waves {-ihp) of the sea. Without
gain. For the death of the friend. The chickens were
near the old hen. With the helve of the shovel. The
years of famine. The pupil is the last in the class.
The first day of the week. Out of the way.
Ninth Lesson.
Law of Permutation and Elision.
It is a peculiarity of the Armenian language that
when a syllable is added to a word ending in a con-
Digitized by
Google
16 Lesson 9.
sonant, the vowel of the last syllable is either per-
muted or elided.
All words undergo these changes through con-
jugation, composition and derivation ; as to declension^ there
are only a few nouns which are liable to the same
changes in the Gen. and Inst, singular, with certain
exceptions 1 ) however.
These vowels or compound vowels are: t, J, »-,
1. t changes into J# as:
«t/» love; -tt^L. to love; -ip^pt lovesong; -^it
dear. «y««/f*4^ garden; iY«7»«»ffl«y««fc gardener.
2. I and — a) ate elided in polysyllabic words, as:
hu,^ flower; k-ikbL to flower; h-ifis flower-
garden. «y«M»-^ fruit; «Y«»^«»/t^/f^ to fructify; *y—q*f-km
fruitful.
b) are changed into euphonic & in polysyllables,
when preceded or followed by two consonants, and in
monosyllables, as:
^wpiTlp red ; Jt^Al to redden ; li—pjjt—^f^ redbreast.
^ufk^uin rest ; ^u&^.uanui%u§g^ tO rest ; ^usit^.uututf$u/b
resting-place.
f}r writing; tt^L to write; *p»q_ writer; f/»««wi
library. .
£-/» water; £*»*/_ to water; #*>«»«- waterfowl.
3. -v changes into •-# as:
«/•>« hope; j»+ u ™l to hope; j~—-i£a hopeful.
"*£•.>* salutation; w^—**/. to salute.
4. I— changes into t# as:
Jlu—\m% book; Ji—m^'iiwi.uipufo bookcase.
M frH~f chamber; «AHf«"y*«» chamberlain.
6. J- (eev), at the end of words, changes into
— •) as:
«y«M»j~ honour; «y«#«»»-A^ to honour; iyw**»—**pJ*u*%
honourable.
p-t- number; /*•*•*/.. to number; />•«»$«■& date.
6. t-y changes into fr, as:
^nnmH**; Christian; -$eh mu% l n, -Ph*' Christianity.
syu$£*$t&ymj minister; «y«*£««©fct"*-^i t *-* r ministry.
*) The beginners will be assisted with practical hints.
a ) For the pronunciation of — - see the 8. page,
Digitized by
Google
17
Tenth Lesson.
Fourth Declension.
This declension includes the nouns denoting time
which make the Gen. singular 1 ) in •— * (pron. £«*). Ex.:
N., Ac. op day, &c. t/zfr night, &c.
Gen., Dat. op*-m\. M.ff££rp*~-\ .
Abl. o P lr or (rarely) o r — t tt. r ^ r tor (rarely f/J2f-f""»£t)'
Inst. •/»»£• Tbz^p n lf
mJuin. summer; *•&«- winter; aWk day, -time;
$£«©/■ noon; k^-tblt" midnight; "y»op to-day; J~mJm^
%mf f mmh% time J mn.mnt- (uim.mnt.mb - prOn. mu.mpJm%}
morn; m^mtLom*) morning; fpffnt.% evening; mujm^
{mJi»Li*%) month; ^mprnp-*) ( CT ^«.i»i) week; fy4f
yesterday; <j£»2£ (^o^coA) to-morrow; if«#«r») hour;
«/2»£ 2 ) death; ««»/»p) (m«« / f*f«.«ffc) year.
Words.
m.mfint.% spring. l^i- cool. 1
m^nim autumn. ^«m very . ( w-*^ / Ihntfj
iKnm%m\ season. \ in :Zvt^\ i»/t« four.
£0t*.tiji% moon. mmmnt-jr sad.
p-mf-n^f queen. i^"*- why?
Exercise 17. ^
\nL.ufihn a.ftplrpnt-Ui1b fliunnu^ftu £i \\pirLp gtrp\l(ni-mu
flma.mL.npb £ t |^</2ua.f»t_M«tr op&pn Ltuplf IrUt fl'/t mJmn.nt.utti
opopb nu &i/b tint- wit nftyhpUypp trpLmjU iiht \\n.mnL.mu &L,
fipft^nL.m% J-mJbpp Q n J a ^ % \}tuopnL.mh n-ttTt gmpni-mu £npu
trnmhmuunph bh a.mpnu% t mifmn.) mpnt% etl. &iflrn.t *ftwpi*Q(r*ji
ftu^ni. mpmnLtT kp* ffSw wpmnt-tT kp ftp (his) "-(""3 ft" *'*■'*•
^numu ^tuJmpx \^ptffrtLmh y mjuopn»-mu nL. afmnnL.mb §kpp
(Lord) J** (great) k*
Translation 18.
I have a dozen books. We had a glass of wine.
The son of the queen has a gold ring. The daughter
«) See the footnote '), 6* 1 * lesson.
2) Declined also after the 3 d declension.
8 ) Declined also after the 2<* declension.
Elementary Armenian Grammar.
Digitized by
Google
18
Lesson 11.
of the neighbour had a silver watch (<Lt—n»g»jg). The
bird is on the roof (*—»%kg). There was a bottle of
water on the table. Where (#/) are the fish? They
are in the sea. Where are the girls? They are at the
window of the church. Where are the books of the
Armenian? They are upon his desk.
Eleventh Lesson.
Fifth Declension.
Nouns terminating in •-/ make the Gen. sing.
in — *» the Inst. sing, in — <£ t and the Gen. plur. in
Jim. Ex.:
Singular.
N.,Acc.^«"«"«-' r promise, &c.
G., Dat. ^aumJi>\ or £"t«^
AW. luauutu*.J%*
Inst. /unuintfi»J£ Or^"""*""-«££*
Plural.
f,uumui.irx^ t promises, &c.
fuiiutntfiiXm or fi"»
t-uufrn
htnuuinuJ*^-*]? •
Also a few nouns 1 ) of different terminations make
the Gen. Sing, in ~i, as:
Gen.
"~~" house. uimX.
Gen.
—qfH girl. UMnf^mX.
ftyfwife, woman, ffcf«x.
ifl\ husband. £/»♦-*•
a.$up*Jb$ Spring. a.iup%~X .
i-inJu Autumn. us^mX.
2Z*-% dog. z~x*
JuAm-f child. uTuu^mX.
uAmJii noun, name —%-i.mX.
a— t fish. <*f~t-
Words.
£»&-&(> course.
<**«- form.
^wtmwH/^/ true, faithful.
n.j-ut.u.p difficult.
^lupnuuut rich.
mu fg""* poor.
an^uBpp- (pron. igfarP)
blithesome.(^^^f^)
') The h and •-» in the last syllable of these words are
subject to the Jaiv of permutation) see the 9th lesson.
$»i?4»*-« r% declension.
ftamwrfui-J* conjugation.
U u UnLt r study.
fal^uS calling.
juyutus^f, program.
pay verb. i»*t yard.
tyu, a n*.JT admiration.
Digitized by
Google
5. and 6. Declension. 19
Exercise 19*
ftuuJutlbn iuutmutq.[tppt tf*uwjlrpnt?b funtiuip^nt-Jp n.Jnuu?p
£s n'/f £*"£/& uihnuu/ti \ntnJJat%a Xtrutrpp n.Jnuuup flit Q'V
£t f\i.um.gft*[i ^luuututtMtpJtiT ^p ftp Ign^Jlubnt ^fnugiftuifh t( cMta**'***?
<|«a#^rtr<i«tr qni-Utpfl trquihut^nt Wfliutlb urfunt-p (SEu) opbppt
Translation 20.
Where are you? I am [in] the yard of the old
house. What will you have? I will have the rings of
the girl. Give a bit of bread and a cup of milk to the
poor child. There is a nest on the belfry. They had
a long course of study. The doors of the school-house
are old. The leaves of the flowers are yellow. The
smile of the child. The tail of the black dog is long.
The head of the fish (sing.).
Twelfth Lesson.
Sixth Declension.
Nouns terminating in — Jif-* are declined after
the following paradigm.
Singular,
N., Ace. pmpk$mJi*$\*X friendship, &c.
GL, Dat. p—plr$mJH*.pimU .
Abl. gu.pHmJk.pM.
Inst. puip*fymJm±p\rmf£ Or pmp*fymJm*.pfr*5$mfa
Plural.
N., Ace. p»*plr%mJaLpfit.%ll>t friendhips, &c.
G., Dat. pmptfmJkLptr-Xf or p—p*4mJ»i.p/fMyt*->*
Abl. pwrtr%-JZi.p/n.Hl>tl> .
Inst. pmpHmJmK.pfrMbfi.*
Words.
s^utmJMt.p/ti.% history. p**.mpu$%*Lpt»3i arithmetic.
%u,frm^ r wu»i.pi»i5, sentence. jmfp^m^p^A success.
% plr V uA i u.%n^pt*i-% grammar. ^«y»*«/wW^^k translation*
2*
... ^..^mmmwmmWmmWkmWklkWk
Digitized by
Google
20 Lesson 18.
*-mi.£mg.piii% laziness, idle- fcJl*um—.pfcA, wisdom.
ness. brfmm*mpi. young man.
f.l>mmip-£t& science. 2m$kfm% interesting.
$miQttrf*i.p-Jn.% patience. «££- great, large.
u^mfiuttu^$Ms%mi.p-fii% duty. §*"£?? &H« P'V verb.
u,%\lrjbmup^% sincerity. J^m^m^p^p-^ literature.
Jh^pfuX vice. %ut^m^u UP forefather.
mm.uigfrnt.p-^tX virtue.
Exercise 21.
ftt%uyhna-P-[u3U ni%uyhni.piiiMiUg% ^utu$t/aa.p&w% n^unutQt
pui^lrfyiuls k* fiu»plrQu$ifni.p-lrssilig tu%^&qhrnt.pit%t'ht •fclrpui*.
Lutbnt.pirmh q.utun ij.fi $.pfth (rt C % u " ,f ufutuihlwp Ijiujph Xbp
(your) puspif-JufUnt-ptruSUtj Jkfj \*Jusuumt.ptwusJp (wisely)*
fbnt.ui£i*u%nt-fitotfr tMtuw % ^ninp JninufltruSbg n.^tTt Qutfnnnum.
plrtu% ^usUiupt frrtfnp o-fiwni-pfiLVblrplJbx \}ut\u*L in. Jjpirupaiu
^uaj ifututh'biata.pnt.plrtub %uifasu^uyplrph ti'ht
Translation 22.
The young man is true to his duties. The study
of sciences is very useful. There are many words in
the translations of your grammar. The teacher's pa-
tience is very great. Patience is a great virtue. Without
success. Idleness is the mother of all vices. The verb
is the life of the sentence.
Thirteenth Lesson.
The Auxiliary Verb.
b/') / am.
Indicative Mood flj-4'~M-* btr-M)*
Present Tense (^ri'V *«•■£*■»#)•
Singular (btrtf)- Plural (e-ffc-ff).
fr-«) ir'tT I am. 4*+ Mi$ we are.
ifmmJi iru thou art. ■*••*"+ k# you are.
~* k he, she or it is. -x^t* h% tjiey are.
') This verb is strictly defective, its wanting tenses being
supplied from t\\TL to be, to become.
*) The Armenian verb does not always require the personal
pronouns $•-. r—» mX etc., the persons being sufficiently marked
by the terminations of the verb.
Digitized by
Google
The Auxiliary Verb. 21
Imperfect (ll*$— n«r)«
fr- ty I was. 4** kphe we I ©
r ~Ji ifo thou wast. f *-f kkp you J ©
-* £ r he, she or it was. ~*-V tyfc they | *
Perfect*) (u~r- t l>~ L ).
(.« A^-r/ I waS. 4-W lrqm\g W6, | <£
f»*l ^^ur r thou wast. f— + *2!V you. J <S
-.1 ^^«»«. he, she or it was. ~*«t* A^fc they. | ^
(.« ^fiinf, ziumJ* I shall I 4*f ifivfiziuBttevre shall)
f»-t „ £/!«"« thou wilt |<d *••-* „ r/i^youwillj®
•* w £/l?T/ ^ e w iU I «•%•** „ /»||f«^ they will)
JFYrstf Conditional (R»t~$-* IVf^M •
(»* fy^m^ £L&ub I should
f»Jt w riu'utr thou wouldst
~* ?! /^"V* he would \ i
4** 77 £WvPtp we should
r—* n ewvte y° u would
•»*•*♦ „ mu m jb % *h e y would
Imperative Mood (4 r ~/-y~i~* btrM)»
P*t- ciu—P let me be. ciu ut *ip 1st us be.
*tA/» be. ~*i&p^* ^l^p he.
P-t. iraw ^ hi m ^ e - P*t. £/*-'** 1st them be.
Subjunctive Mood (Uf-r-r— -H* bir^-l)'
Present (*iiItH) #
fr* »#» ciu—^ that I | 4-V *»/» £iu"t!g that we
r*"" 1 77 £/£"" 77 thOUJjg t-^+ 77 ££-"<£ 77 y° U
mX 77 £/I^ 77 he ) ~ UX * 77 CH-"* 77 *^ e Y
Imperfect (U*{— r~r)«
l>« w/»/t /i* '(/^ that I were. 4-^f »/»/f/L»^^thatwe | ^
r wJ1 77 aivvh 77 thou wert. r •-♦ 77 cwute 7? y° u 1 1
~* 77 cwt 77 I 16 were. «.x»t+ ^ ctwufi' 77 theyj ^
*) This tense corresponds in sense with the French passe"
defini or the Italian passato remoto; in Armenian, the tense
corresponding with the English perfect is called Q~ t ~\<~rm t
preter-perfect.
<D
rQ
Digitized by
Google
22 Lesson 14.
Participles (Or— Hl— M-^lr)*
Present ^^ being.
Posf bqi»hr been.
Ftrfwre zlwi"*- about to be.
Remarks.
1. The compound tenses are formed by combining
the Past Participle of the principal verb with the auxi-
liary verb !■/ or cart' as: ^v*" *«^ I have been (liter.
I am been); lrqu*&- hf> I had been (I was been); bq^h-
if,*,/, ziuuf I shall have been (I shall be x been).
2. The negative of the auxiliary t-^ is formed by
prefixing the letter i_, as: t+s I am not; ik he, she
or it is not; "tfr-fi igii-Aig we shall not be.
3. The predicate adjective, as in English, is always
in the singular, as:
Wpin-£ ^jim*. 4, The sun is bright.
\\ U u,qk re ^c-*- t% 9 The stars are distant
4. When in English, the predicate notm always
agrees in number with the subject, it may sometimes
be, in Armenian, put also in the singular, with nouns
or pronouns implying plurality, as:
1T*V Hf-yr k% *e» We are brethren (liter, brother).
Fourteenth Lesson.
Determinative Adjectives.
These words always take their place before a
substantive and remain undeclined. They are divided
into four classes: demonstrative, possessive, numeral and
indefinite adjectives.
Demonstrative Adjectives.
These are:
uyu, utu or u— this or these.
uy^ or w— that or those.
u,jl» or «* that or those (referring to an object
more distant than wr or «»«»).
These adjectives precede the definite form of the
noun. Ex.:
Digitized by
Google
Determinative Adjectives. 23
mjm »«i»«j«/i(. 11ns adjective, «y- mmhlbp^ iliese pears.
-vr ttfiei Mat book. -j? f*%&«p%tpt those apples.
«yt mf,\pti that lady. ~yt y-^^'Vil those caps,
x^x ^ofmf»ct /Ae same cat. *•>* *»fej£ r g //# same persons.
Words.
tuum^ star. j^iutmm^u, P »$A monument.
ti"l_ medicine. ^"14* parents.
tytufuim palace. tws school.
»?/«" cheek. +»$ contented.
—It nation. *.mm% bitter.
^c«/^^/^ hospital. bu*%p heavy.
bpfuAf,^ happy. p-M&fm+fit, precious.
""Y*r£"*'M unhappy. 'yri. simple.
f&wfS fresh. {%a»g«rfcf. obedient.
<«#«„«.& ripe. bpk if. iAmi» t metal.
n^ptmfu glad. «#*#«/&*$ immortal.
,ui$ pp hungry. »Ku$%i»%iujhl mortal.
*ru.(,u,i- or •/ thirsty.
Exercise 23.
Wj u P un t u "- n t , P ^tupni-uui £t W^jh Puta.nt- < £f>% tut <>**«»
pnt-utn f;t Wjf utirfLuih tuttnirpp LtupJjip hut (\u6fih &L. tup^
hiuPp flush£uta.fih Jhwuinhtrp a%x \\u utfiLftVbtrpp nt-putfu
bqu/hx %nju fiifanthp Lp putufyfi uyu ^yutl^tutu tuatitutuflh u%ft
\£b pn a. autut.iH.lt fytujJbpp put pip kflht Qui Piuq-nt-^uttfu np*.
rtfthtrpp trpOuthhL £pU) i MU U9 utiubpCu/bfiL irnutut ^njtt uifunt.p
titupn.n ^nu ujfrutft pfljvp bp^tyt \}fyantrgfthlrpp) 1 u {( ,n yht r pn bt.
\ftt-utun.tuungulrpn tuqn.fi tip jftjwmutfytupu/uulrpu but £uta*,
uutuq. irq/ip Xbp bunnoulrpnLut \pujpJ/tup Jtu^fyufbtuanL. £,
putty ^na-fiu ututfiu^ £t
Translation 24.
This butter is fresh. That medicine was very
bitter. These apples are ripe, but those pears are not
ripe. That child will be good. Those girls were very
idle. Give these flowers to the same ladies. The sun
is bright. The stars are distant. Those mountains are
not high. The forms of these adjectives are simple.
Those young men would be contented. Are you hungry?
No, I am not hungry, but I am thirsty. Be a good boy.
Digitized by
Google
24
Fifteenth Lesson.
Irregular Declensions. 1 )
B.
»/_ sister-in-law
band's sister).
D.
)}««,«<.«,*») GO(l, &C.
A.
N., Ace. $~> r father, &c. -w^
Abl. ^ r 4-
Inst, ^•f^-i or $*t m L
N., Ace. *4r love, &c
GK, D. "flp*j»
»Abl. -4/+.
Inst. "frL*
(hus-
E.
Singular.
N #J Ace. -«^«v b°y> &c.
Abl. m^Mg/t.
Inst, —i^y-fa
N., Ace. «&7*?- man, &c.
a., d. -/^—
Abl. «/^t-.
Inst, fmwk
Plural.
—qi*+ boys, &c.
•^f^fj^jnen, &c.
A. Like 4-yr ars declined its derivatives; also
«f-yr# and Kf-vr and their derivatives.
B. In the the same manner as •n-i. are declined:
tt % *) H %m t) woman or wife; -Mt^ ("-M^-i) lady;
-'tr 1 ) (-»fr-£) lord, owner; ^vr 8 ) (•£/•"£) sister; $*««-/»
(f fr« r »£) mother-in-law (husband's mother) ; —v^p brother-
in-law (husband's brother); fcfy sister-in-law (the wife
of the husband's brother); ~%kp father-in-law (wife's
father); &t*p*) mate.
') The irregularities are chiefly confined to the singular.
*) \\mu>m,-u*± when denoting a god follows the first declension.
*) Also its derivatives.
Digitized by
Google
Irregular Declensions. 2B
C. In the same manner as «tf are declined among
a few others:
23* (cu UV ) light; j»j» (j»*-»v) hope; <>•-/* (<>/*-,) fire.
Remark.
Excepting the irregular nouns, and those of the
sixth regular declension, all nouns may also follow
the first declension (the most usual paradigm); but for
the sake of euphony, the learner is advised to decline
every noun after the proper forms of its declension*
Words.
^opLqpuyt. uncle (paternal). ^»u^ib looking-glass, ^kav^ 7
^opuigyp aunt „ tflpivpQai. coat.
i&plqpuyr uncle (maternal). p-m^fihm^ handkerchief.
Jopuqttyp aunt „ 2st m n^ um g°Tvn.
opkkg law. y-n^bng apron.
T&un-w^uyp ray. [ers. f.p^u,% pocket.
$b^u,^u,(,u/b chest of draw- f^utpf -fez, faK
flflljc hat, bonnet. ^"» here.
il»ir,r sublime. $»& there.
uShttLqb sincere. »ll>^ always. <>/&•&» now.
ty^ulif. il^ sick. ^utmtmplrmi^ perfect.
Exercise 25.
}^jutnnt-tuh u*;p Jft \j b vtnm.b r nj ontfttpn Luiutusntruai 4" t
A°PC. fap tum p P m cb £* W°pp U ^PIL "fbi^qb £t S^lppii npq-Pi
UfW kp* %^p n 2c. q-nt-uvp£ ^Tbutqiulbq. {tp* ITfe"* Sfrp n $tl "ft*- .'
pyk *lkf* He/" fwpifpp ifuipiflrpn uyh ""J^gn ^tiaifiup Alb t
tT°P' u PP n fC. tf'^IWP ^lrpuiuin.uipu/tifflU i/piy t* \$*1rpnp(i
tf-ifuwpffn fyutpJfip kp * \%lrupnCti ppft"99.Autnn uiru £pt \\ju
^uybifib &trp Jtpnfjl ^ivifuip I? t }\jl» Juspt^ngn ^opji^Ubpn ^nu
Grfitit \ncunj TCutmuttLa^fS-liirpn uiutibuin. b% Jpju** H^ h «*«—
utnt-tuhlblrpnuh |^cscf?m_u/dyr j tn^pirpnett S^PP "*- P n WP a J* u P'h' t &
t«ypp* Hjq- b1» n f_ IpHiL ty t - u *"t Lp* SqrstL tytulpiL **-
kurrfLwUtj tfitrnnjpLtrpn <£nb krffbt \}[»pnJ be jnuunJt
Translation 26.
The lady's brother was [in] that palace. Where
was the uncle's book? It was [in] the pocket of the
father. These boys are diligent. Those men are idle.
Digitized by
Google
26 Lesson 16.
The boys' mother will be here to-day. Lives of great
men are sublime. This coat is for the brother, and
that gown is for the sister. Prom the old aunt. That
bitter medicine was for the sick brother-in-law. From
the father of light. Give this handkerchief to the aunt.
This boy goes to school with the class-mate (y.i««/A{Af).
I shall be [in] Amassia (u«&»"i&«*) to-morrow.
Sixteenth Lesson.
Possessive Adjectives.
These are:
l"T or frJJ>% my. JLf or J&pfb our.
* ma - t) •e-'-bP' *%• ly r » **rf* your.
h n h k% h-is, her or its. tr^y their.
The suffixes 1 ) -» <j" an( l* or t are appended to the
nouns followed by these adjectives. Ex.:
J/ Jbwfiv- my pencil. 4f fr—%—.p't our shop.
♦•- <J"/r thy top. fa "»»*■%£ your house.
J r iuub IVL his or her needle. ttt^v «y«"f «■■£*& their garden.
The suffixes -> ? an( l * or tj x i m * x tr an( i x l x t
Jr*i»# h x lr an( ^ tr 1 ! 1 are usually substituted for these
adjectives.
a) The •» j- and * or & for the singular/*) as:
7-y-*"£- wiy spoon. ^t^fy* wiy spoons.
$y$stui$stn.uq»wqtr thy fork. u^ututuMn-wouMt^bft^ f/iy forks.
**"-*/& Aw or her broom. «M.frjfcA/»g A?s or Aer brooms.
6; The *J-, tf r and l|% for the plural*) of poly-
syllabic words, as:
^uSLutljH* our ruler. t gm%^%^fHm our rulers.
f«*/£u«£uflf j. yowr inkstand. ^/^^/Afytjj. your ink-
stands.
T^iI fX i x (pron. £ y. • • •) MeiV f&itkirjXf 1 * their penknives,
penknife.
*) An unaccented euphonic gis inserted between the sub-
stantives ending in a consonant and the suffixes - and ?, as:
3 ) Of the possessor, and not of the possessed object.
Digitized by
Google
Possessive Adjectives. 27
c) The Wh* h x h and fr f tft for the plural*) of
monosyllabic words, as:
Wh**f" our cow or cows, 1 ) &c.
The possessive adjectives must be repeated before
every noun of the same sentence, as:
I*/ $"ij[>" fiL. £/ d*q/p m or $"yp* be Juyp* $nu *%•
My father and my mother are here.
Words.
,£"!*% purse. Jut^Qtuhtvijnt. mortal.
j- tu Jiu^nfif watch. ^ofiirqpoftnfHf./t cousin.
q.—etuqium Stick. bqpttputqffilf Or 9 glrn.uiq$Jtli
%,»t. t i,u i lr»t captain. niece. [ew.
q.&qlu,%fi% canary-bird. bqpopnpqft or ^bn.n F qft neph-
ttfuut^ mistake. bptpujtfu^mumtf tall.
u*i,Jiu$ immortal.
Exercise 27.
\%tT Jutjpu ^nu tt *fcnu onjpq. bpffusjbut^uiuutlf f?x \pbp
^opbqfiopnpqftu ^utpncuur ^pt Q,bp Joputpnjpu nL. joputpnjpu
lunpwtn bqutbx Z,°p u *£*"*& ftp qptuutuu £t <4tbn.npq.enfu
J-utdaignjgbbpp ^b^u$u»q.utput%ftu ifotvj £ft% t fl*ep bti ftiT q.if.tufu
be fttP ufu»inusn.utputqut {^bn%a one ubqusuftq. tfpuu but \\ju
Ju$pq.ftup Jbp puipbutuubbpb h%t H-/^- u "1 n 5ip 'ty/PP JSt"^
n.u*qfftqu hp x U^^r pnqhuutenebutueutufbtnp ^opbqp.u*fpq~ fcpt
Q,bp bqp.opnpq.ftlb $4"" dp nebfrpt fl'^i 'ft^qqjp dp neufrpt *flne
•PT/P^ft ftp^B UH-bfbbpn neb(rftut *\%bq&u/uftfu ftp Jutbq.utlfftu
v%f_ b* jrbty> ftpL% ouibtuffp be ftpbu qJbtftu nebfcftupt }\ju
tnqneu <>»£#» ^ne Xbn^q. (in thy ...)£/»« h a P tu /P u n *3ift «■/»
utq^lfuib outuutlfn be IfutqutJmppt \\ubqttftu us liquid tub fib
(needle-case) Jkf_ kp*
Translation 28.
My dog is old. Thy cat is white. Where are my
books? Your books and (your) pens are on your desk.
She has many mistakes in her translation. Here is
') In order to avoid this ambiguity, it is better to use
the possessive adjectives 4r» Mr *nd frr^s* with their respective
suffixes, as: «/&/• u»*l%£i Xkp f*^*. &c.
Digitized by
Google
28 Lesson 17.
your father's stick. My soul is immortal. My body is
mortal. Your cousins were [in] our garden. Where is
his sister? His sister is not here. That is our mother's
purse. Their brothers would be here to-day. My niece
goes to school with her nephew. Our flowers and (our)
lilies are pretty. Her eyes and (her) eyebrows are
black. Their uncle's horse is brown. My cousins will
be here to-morrow.
Seventeenth Lesson.
Proper Nouns.
There are in Armenian:
1. Proper names of persons:
a) Gliristian names, as: 8"^"/* Jacob; ir«r^w Maiy.
b) Surnames, which are formed by appending l—t
a particle denoting origin or family, and corresponding
in sense with the English son or Scotch mac y as:
U7.Wl.~l Mac Adam; Hmirfm%lm% Stephens^?.
2. Names of countries, provinces, towns y mountains,
seas, rivers, lakes, months, as: b*/»«"Y a * Europe; 0.«*/^«»
Turkey ; }%mmmm%^m».^m^ (*i • "I**//*) Constantinople ;
Wpuspusu, Ararat; jrf^£f r i i ti' u 'i' sA Mediterranean; q»«i*«&ji
the Danube; fc/^ it* lake Erie; U*YfAz. April.
Remarks.
1. Proper nouns follow the first declension. ■)
2. All the proper nouns (excepting those of per-
sons) ending in f- make the Gen. in l-j, as:
UM/J- England; !3>fa£*y p-f.»*.<;f>% the queen of
England.
^lrpJu0%\m Germany; *\>1rpJu,%fa k'VVe. the emperor
of Germany.
3. Proper nouns admit of no article in the Nom.,
Gen. and Inst., if not preceded by an adjective or a
possessive modifier, however they always have the
definite article, when in the Ace. and Abl. cases, as:
% ) For the 1 st declension and the nouns ending in - see
the 5tn lesson.
Digitized by
Google
Proper Nouns. 29
Qifekifi &<"%»(*£ *ptl»% kp Joseph was Jacob's son.
IfmtfmJ* Ulififfj, Iflfp-mj Mary goes to church.
<*\kciFbk^ f««- t-«mT I come from (the) Berlin.
He m h kJ% e»4$~M'k"i I love (the) John.
4. Proper names of places take no article and
remain in the simple accusative^ where in English, the
prepositions 1 ) in or at, to or into are used, as:
Z,uyfi« b«t"**{£~ ftrpp-iiy My father goes to Italy.
bqp'vr* 11*— i»rf~ fc i A ~t/' My brother lives in
Austria.
5. Proper names of seas, rivers, mountains, cities
and months followed by the class names >•{, sea, fl-r
river, fc— mountain, *-tr* city and -4* month, when
as appositive modifiers, remain undeclined, whereas
each of the latter is varied after its respective de-
clension, as:
N., Ace. u*«- b»{a the Black sea.
(t., D. Zn.lA.u- f.lm{,% of or to the river Rhine.
Abl. t\ifiJfy»» £km.%t% from mount Olympus.
Inst, j^lrgtmmm^m ^-i^nfe with the city of Sfivas.
6. National appellations 9 ) are formed from the names
of countries, cities and places, by appending to them
the suffixes $f# ~$J or tjj# as:
\\Jl r f,lj~ America; JXJLrH-'lt ■£ an American.
?w6m Sweden; £#»«.£*»»•>£ Swede. Uf-r^*"* m -1f ,, z/ t-f Adria-
nople; u>w/im%*t.f*£ml 9 t Adrianopolitan.
Words.
i|ttff#f£#>« Charles. 8tyt St™?*) Sir.
Qai-fjtHu Julius. ^m P m% , o| . «) Mister, Mr., Sir.
ii&ffarf Caesar. SHfit 8H* Mistress, Mrs.
<\*k»r+ George. Opfaet* Or* Miss.
frmi[„ v kL Raphael. *imm—.irif 9 <i|M#m. Reverend,
^^p- David. Rev.
Yupusjk^ Israel. br***'"-^ Beatrice.
f ) See also the 7 th lesson, Remark.
2 ) These follow the 2d declension.
*) To these correspond the Turkish words ttt^i and ~v
which are also frequently employed, the former for educated
persons, and the latter for persons in general.
Digitized by
Google
30 Lesson 17.
S^—yiL Isabella. 1/"-*/* Selina.
Qu^usVisk" John. aw*, (was) born.
U"/«* Asia. *£«.«.*. died.
HlftrM* Africa. p**pf.JuAbj translated.
Xptfiuij-kru, Mesopotamia. "y&*i*& visited.
fanuufru, Russia. ^.is»^n plain, field.
yrfrutghrut^ United. fawqu'ikp toy.
%u$<$4-%1%kp States. f-truiuif, HtifiaL.'hg bank.
b^r M the Euphrates. fg —u,pu,bu*.fi lies.
Sftrh the Tigris. pui%u. U mb,ib- t «y**.£«* poet,
^t^^ north. t t u*J}iusL.i,uMi_ famous.
$u$piui.uyfftt SOUth.
Exercise 29.
He/" (utuqu/£^aLbpp^ \}uibtfiu/bfi% ^tuJutp bin y^pJftbk &*-
Z,P "*!"*) 2__ &H* WTfak \\{*i-iIiuAm[i tpni-uutpUbpb bltt +£bn.utq^.
pfiyts \}uft/uolirb fynu *f-*fj* ^| ♦ ^butpnu \\*LuiJbus1U ^uiJpuML-buMi
q.bputuutb (actor) dpb 4/ri 0/»« U/ , ^ r Y^""7_ \S{>*Jnhliusb q.brjb^
abk -"itM *& k* mfriipy p<Msif.a^l»lu fyiusisuus (France)
Ijbrpp-uMj iuJb% (every) wtupfii *\+hrpJut%[inj i*ypp "03^1^3
\fpnuuiunfciljii ^n.b%nu n.bwfib tuthai%pp ptuin ^fib n.nbuib~.
(castle) %bn fyaibi <1)u#m. \\uspn£nu ffrptjuf* W^pbi^Sb ^llf' ^*
jjpuapunt-u$ii (Marsovan) fe p%u»I^J» bu jjtfuu/porfsu ^o/kfy
mbopkVb (director) t« ^o^filt^p-iSb wJbppfiujfi xpfiusgbu,^
^tu^u/bqXbpniJb JutjpuMpuMi^ph (capital) tr* HFftlbpfputfuAs
bntjji \ft-pnupM$jf» bu W'f'pf'itrf' dtfybn i^p uitupush-aL.^% Ijff^fw
fuiu&MsA j&n*b&p£ (Caucasus Mountains) U^*- *«^*A bu
\\uiuuj[it] (Caspian) bntfntJb Jbfuibnb'ht \\p uftpbtT<f\* ^puSbuip
ku Op> Int-uftlspt ir{/""/'> ^k >$!£ {*}*** id* "*% bu <1\butpnu *\*ni,p-,
bufb Z+uy pu*huiuutbnh*hbp £/%r s W/fi u bu hpf"* u.butbpp yp
PuttfifTu (flow) U^*- bntfa*
Translation 30.
George is my friend. Where is my daughter
Beatrice? She is with her sister Isabella. My teacher
was [in] Russia. Constantinople is the capital of
Turkey. Shakespeare [was] born [at] Stratford, [in]
England. David was the king of Israel. Julius Caesar
was a great man. Raphael was an artist (^bipupn^bu^
Digitized by
Google
Formation of female appellations.
31
*/•). Mr. Zohrabian translated these books. Miss
Sirpoohi lives now [in] Marsovan. Mr. Jacob Afarian
goes from Samson [to] Charshanba. Amassia is an old
city on the banks of the Iris. Where are Mrs. Hagopian's
white gloves? They are on the chest of drawers of
Mr. Hagopian. The Red sea lies between Africa and
Arabia (lV« a 7 f ^ M ')« The great plain of Mesopotamia lies
between the Euphrates and the Tigris. Mrs. Zabel
Donelian is a learned lady. Lake Erie is in North
America. The Amazon, the Orinoco, and the Parana
are in South America, and flow [to] the Atlantic
(\\^ l us% r ir,u%) Ocean (*$£—%*»). April is the singing
{?rt'"L) month.
Eighteenth Lesson.
Formation of Female Appellations.
As in English, Armenian nouns have no distinctive
forms, but a few have different forms to distinguish
the masculine from the feminine.
The masculine is distinguished from the feminine:
a) By using words wholly or radically different, as :
Masculine (mpm%m%).
U^gU$ntun_ COCk.
£»«.1ir dOg.
fffcw/»f»f bullock.
sff nL L bull; *f ox.
i*i&t, ui r buck.
fl»y ram.
%nfiiu>f_ he-goat.
^ horse.
t) t-fjL Ac-wolf.
iun.fit.hr Hon.
ifutpnLtfu^, bird (cock).
<J*W father.
S'vrh papa.
kipuyp brother.
"nf or "Lump son.
Ju»ui_ boy.
Feminine (l>m., u ^m%).
$tut- hen.
j>u0& bitch.
k pt % t. heifer.
fȣ cow.
uy&luuM doe.
tfiugfi ewe.
««/*- she-goat.
l^Jpfrb mare,
tf fVL sfte-wolf.
/-.^-.j mn.^h- lioness.
Jn, v fi bird (hen).
«%/» mother.
^"Jtbk mama.
•gyp sister.
n.nt-t$anM daughter.
""itH girl.
Digitized by
Google
32
Lesson 18.
flruuy bridegroom.
-UP or kpH husband.
Jr/lfoffi-fi or •gkn-upi^fc ne-
phew.
u,fiuip 9 mmp n % Mister, Mr.
u i usp»% gentleman. [man.
krfmmwup^. master, young
mJ*i-pb bachelor.
h-lrpaLlfi old man.
J*»tt man.
jyM#jy or $«*•«- grand-father.
^mpu bride.
fffc or ifrU wife.
or
»i*H
niece.
>»Mfi Mistress, Mrs.
—tiftf °pt-pt lady.
opfiapq. miss, young lady.
iyt -itH maid.
*y «#*.««*. old woman.
tfl woman.
J-J* or ^««V grand-mother.
b) By appending the suffixes •«-££ and ~*->i.» as:
hr Jfc a god.
«-/»f') «£ a saint.
fyfrk- 1 ) songster.
^.fawlfL hero.
p-w^m^nf*) king.
4<?/ «£ an Armenian.
UM^-aM) *%. an English-
man.
«■«•*$ •) neighbour.
o| # 4*71?. Mr. Rose.
o|. u V Mr. Love.
*tj. ^wjlf Mr. Hai'g.
u»uiM$aa-$ub-~-ty Jji a gOdtfSS.
uppn-ty Jfc a saintm.
*Tttr-^ songstress.
y.f.i. a un{iin>-ty herome.
p^-C( queen. [lady.
^uym-ty <£ an Armenian
Ufc{/»<-Cf ^ an English
lady.
^pusj.-ty neighbour (fern.).
SH» or Or. lUTf-"^ Mrs.
or Miss Rosa.
8H* or Uh mX VL Mrs. or
Miss Love. [noosh.
8ft* 4»u4 ml vi. Mrs. Hai'ga-
Reinark.
Proper names and appellations derived from them
begin with capital letters; but adjectives derived from
them begin with small letters, as;
ff^uAfu* Spain; ^^w^ Spaniard; u^A—i-A
Spanish.
Words.
pus%utu$nlrqbr f <y»*.£m poet, h-ui^tumfc , tf-Un-uiu$ft yOUng.
^ai[fii- (hoviv) shepherd.
^k m ebL painter.
u fpat.% lovely, pretty.
fytmyiyu* blue.
') The learner is requested to observe the law of permu-
tation and elision; see the 9 th lesson.
2 ) Droj> the suffix or the final vowel of a word when
another suffix is to be appended to the same word.
Digitized by
Google
Formation of female appellations. 33
tfnJi count. »pp orphan.
#«Wfc name, noun. —Irumhr irj* I have seen.
I""i'«f^/ menagerie. fc rfr«fc^rw«r I know.
tufinn. stable. fc ^.npb-b% they work.
tyiufwfaiy.ui gardener. nt.%b S mh- £ he has had.
Exercise 31.
Wpni_uhrtu[( ( VOnUS) n_aqbg(^nt.pirtMib uiuuint_uth^nu<^ftb J^p x
Sri* &*P'"t}* u U f-bptauutunu^fi tfpb 4" J i^utpnutf-uihp &l. tfutpAh
a nth Mi iH$ Wb <£fitfittt |^*i ptArp au tfuttntstu usntiiArp a.utn.ut*.
n.twqfili u%f trfftit 2-^/' * "fun fifth J&0 fyu/lt ifilrp ttL. nuiifp ftLhirp t
^^jO-aubft^blrpp nut pin L*irii[d tub (go) uttir It ut tlfib <£&utt \\urrp
^"UPP t l" i - u '( t ' u ^'f f p UL - frpfitttfttfrp , fttnjlrp av. tiutpfthap nub ft t
\f^on}rgftb nublruuth- £■ ftp unupplrpb /?«_ uppnt_<£fibtrpp t fl"*/ £
"ui Aw'-tfi" sM- hp'^^^H' ^vp 1 * ^ x Vlji tu fibkfL ^v
uu^utunu^ftb 4-1 Qp* <\*lrnutbnj2 uftpnt^h /rpa^nu<^fr ifpb fri \yt
autbAtutn U U U ut q£ftlrpt Wjni utb tfitpuippnOti unL.it tn^tb £-. ftp
utundtu 4" £*iL.putb (Lily) . G\tupuifiqtutubp &u tuutput ft guttata
unu^p'b Ijp u.npbnb tuutpm^npu u%0x {}p ^uttfyuibnip uptutt Jit
nubft ftp p-utpa.iituhnt.p- a uibn JhOt p*utpfiqnL.<£frulrpp %nput*.
MruntPhusu (fashion) aJrpftuirpu (slaves) Vbi
Translation 32.
My uncle is a bachelor. Her daughter is a poetess.
I have seen the bridegroom and the bride. His niece
is a young girl. Is it a he- wolf or a she-wolf? It is
a she-wolt. They have seen the actor and the actress.
Your sister is a shepherdess. Their aunt is my neighbour.
Your mother is a German lady. That lady is a prin-
cess. Mr. Arshag is a painter, and Miss Rosa is a
paintress. The count and the countess were [in] York
yesterday. George is the king of Greece (6"*-*'""""'"*'),
and Victoria is the queen of England. Elisabeth was
a heroine. Do you know that gentleman? Yes, Sir,
his name is Arsen. Our nephews have many horses
and mares. My niece lives with an Italian lady. The
little girl with the blue eyes is an orphan. Those
gentlemen are the cousins of these young ladies.
KJomcntarv Armenian Grammar. ! l
Digitized by
Google
34
Nineteenth Lesson.
Numeral Adjectives.
There are in Armenian two kinds of numeral ad-
jectives, viz. cardinal and ordinal.
1. Cardinal Numbers.
^uiu'u twenty.
^u l u%buJkti twenty-one.
^uisAfybni- twenty-two.
^puuAbpkp twenty-three, etc.
bpb,.., L % thirty.
ouin-uMunA forty.
jfuui.% fifty.
feuj&unA sixty.
kop-uAusuntX seventy.
M.p-unt.% eighty.
^Vjuuul.% ninety.
$*«rf>*-C a hundred. [one.
^.up^P Jk% a hundred and
bpf»t. ^-rb^V two hundred.
bpb^ ^^rhr three hundred.
$ tU i L u* r a thousand.
^uti^r $/>%?• ^r/"-r fifteen
hundred.
pfrip ten thousand.
Jlnfrifo a million.
Remarks.
1. Nouns preceded by the cardinal numbers remain
in the singular, as:
bp^m- $a»u% two houses ; <Zf*"t J2»n ^ ve i nen »
2. br}-*- without a substantive expressed becomes
M"-*> as:
xrViig bp^ua.^ Aty* we are two.
3. It is not permitted to say «»«««&*«..#$ <;^ r ^p t
uiwu%bpl i ni- ^uspf,up t ,.»»„% hi-m-P <$'»?/»•{' e ^., l)Ut ^us^uip
^tup/iip, ^utywp bpfynt. ^tupfiLp, <^uti£u»p ni.p- <Z*-pf'-p etc.
4. A m rht an( i *-trr are never accompanied by
the indefinite article, as in English. Ex.:
upo, »if&i„ zero.
«/&{ one.
bplfu two.
bpkp three.
l»i»u four.
{b a six.
b<>p-£ seven.
M-Pe eight.
f*%£ nine.
uttuun ten.
u %bi.i/kf[ eleven.
uiibp^ML twelve.
uitbpbf, thirteen.
„%bt.j_»pu fourteen.
u %bi.^f%^ fifteen.
»%b^jbg sixteen.
»%bi-bopp seventeen.
uttuuitbi.iii.p-p eighteen.
u %bi-l>%p nineteen.
Digitized by
Google
Cardinal Numbers. 35
A hundred or a thousand piasters, ^rhr t""**
5. The expression: 'I am 15, 20, 40 etc. years
old 1 cannot be rendered literally, but must be ex-
pressed thus: muup % ^ a ,u% f ^mn.,uun*.% ^-.^J^X £«A\
How old are you? is translated; *m\]r MW/ >^ ^. Ex. :
lt r -evw +~ x t* f- ftf-A k f hotv eld is your sister?
»% 4>*m% .r~ t \r\-\ k, she is twenty years dd.
6. Days of the month are expressed by cardinal
numbers. Ex.:
K'wtL ■*♦# the 1st of April. Wyfa fyf"*/?, the 2d
of May.
7. The question: 'What day of the month is it to-
day'? is translated: \Xj»op *»&„& ^, u %/r% £,
Answer: U«/"<>/» «■»*/&»«.># fk 9 % k.
8. The English 'on the sixth 1 etc. is rendered in
Armenian & 9 fi. Ex.: On the 6<*i of June, 6<"ty» &jfi.
Note. Verbs denoting time govern the Dative, as:
at noon, f(»«ffi; at midnight, f*"f/^rfk; at two
three, four etc. *j4"yi*» M*rf*» wJ** etc.; in time
wm&ty?,, j-mj:»%mm%') in the morning M*#t.*»c.o<f»».-?/ ; in my
childhood, JMbf -i.p-l.mX* .
9. The hours of the day or night are expressed
(see the note above, 8) thus:
at two o'clock, ^-/^ Lptf-i^yi.
at half past three, «£»«»£ trpke ««- f £"p» •
tvliat o'clock is it? «£«"£ .gufofn* k>
it is ten o'clock, «£*«»«£ ,»,»-% £.
a quarter past five, W»tc f-^— pt - ,„*,£,«,&- 4.
a quarter to four, i-p-f>% ^tun.-p^ j-y.
five minutes to one, '«4f/fr </tef. £ w ^«,i, j-y.
10. Collective numbers are formed by suffixing (.-{ , as :
VUt J h a pair, a brace. y p b,X^m\ about 30.
V?yfr-f half-dozen. ^u, n .u,,X^m\ — 40.
Lptyi^g/nuty or bpQumimub^ml j[>u%±~\ 50.
a dozen. ^u^^j—j — 100
«H~} about ten. <J„/ 7 „ r j.-.{ — 1000.
j»uu*u%.mi l a score.
8*
Digitized by
Google
36 Lesson 19.
11. Proportioned numerals which express a quantity
multiplied; are:
«y*7»t simple. ^uim.ui^usmffi fourfold.
kpkt % or bpk u i lu ' m bk double <Jfcf.«"y«.m^ fivefold.
or twofold. [fold. ^-p^pui^-i-M lOOfold.
iaiKiywM^ triple or three-
12. The English 'some twenty' etc. is rendered in
Armenian ^*m% «fc or ^--ifi tr#» as:
^-uSu / t or .gumXf, )mt u*iu%&, some twenty pears.
Words.
U«"7»j* (0 •) ^apa the Bible. «*w«T hour. kg_ page.
• ••/*»» jwJffo in the year *»«•»£» ^«#ir ^»«n» (\,. ^.)
j«»^ $*«««* (6« £•) in the before Christ (B. C).
year of our Lord (A. D.). ^.«»«.*. discovered.
«*«.«£ ago, before. <Ja#m^ volume.
ifuMuipkp lived. *b'-'u?dfi' ^e peasant.
...£*-... or . . . «■»/_ . . . {^^ v^f - **-***^ child.
. . . and . . . are. t-p century.
k'e^k make. says Vp-k* "r that.
m%^mJT times.
Exercise 38.
Z,°P"1f tu f/P u * f0 [ , ri' tuui-Uil^ niXp ^fttsu. tfu/b* hi. bpbnu
uitjOfiltt <^*hg_aiM»ijpU bpbuntSbbi-^fiuu. bii } Buniu/unt%bphnt.
(tnifj nuP-unijbiruai^n uyb~ nc bop} uihutunuhh u\npu ntjuuip
oi.lf /i t \\Luusbnnji [*hp ufuuti nubfi ftp ^puf^uthiffib Jkf* \?°ftp
he ni-P-n utuiuhh i-^fibu- Uphill *ftu$s/Lbi.u%b ufhu.wj* bpbunt.^
%bp^nuu DUMbfT ljpl»k* 21 uihu^iutT 32 ^V^fr 4f*9 '$ iU pfl t -i'
iroP-uthtMtundt&p^nt^tt Hpirff ibptulU <^utpfii-p iptu^bl^utU Ifpbl^t
*ftut1bh uttupbbuih £p I \^u o*btub bJ % jusuph <$usqutp at-fl-p <£u*^
pb"-p dh*ftt-unt-bhrL.*npufib , he <£fiJut bpbumXth e<£[thii. inuinbbuih
biTt ftti-uuipu h'Lutit £-1892 ll*Y/'A/ ^faffo* ^btnpau *\*ni-p^
truth Zf"// puihtuuuiBnbp JbtvutL. Jo72^»» //» ouutbbcdbb
utujphfyu/b Cm^JX (in the 21st year of his age) Jk£j
\Jitf.nt.p^au fy'uiufpkp nt-P <^tupfn-ppt *|,. %£♦: S^pft bpkjl
^utpht-p Jutpuneuhe^fiiu. op nuhft % ^JunuutU opbpn bpbum'b
hi. jiupPnt-u/b opbpn bofflh h*Lx fruttfp GO */tvjpfybus1b nubftx
Digitized by
Google
Ordinal Numbers. 37
kpx %uiifiojknli JbntuL. g* z,f"[l^kr (St. Helena) hlHtlP' ^L
1821 \Y u yfr u hp* 1 d %tu ^il ^M«A/fl» k* d %u,i ^_ "Lp% (rt fruiifp
fiVbfib i»tun.npn. ubutguih- n.tunna fy'lrnftf-utiT Ll. }"pun tntuun
uihaaih- uint% tftiL. n.uttPt \pabp jpuntlbfi >**"/» fuiiXnn ire trnLitL.
ipyH. <Zuu_4f>/2 ntXpigt \\.^\fffjtu % 28 Qfii.1i fit* 1899* bpHf*"
tjbtulf Jh tpti__ ^*- ^"utlbirnt^ Jn t^fipp nAfuTt
Translation 34.
My neighbour has 3 pounds of sugar. The princess
lias two palaces. We have 240 pupils. 489. 1864. 65.
500. 11. 1000. 10000. 1000000. I have seen 21 mer-
chants. The city of Tr&bizond has 45000 inhabitants.
A (the) day has 24 hours, and an (the) hour has
GO minutes. We have a score roses. 36 and 42 are 77.
How much is three times nine? 3 times 9 make 27.
In 1860 the city of Heidelberg had 14,502 inhabitants;
now it has 40,000. 7 days make a week. 30 days make
a month. The Bible says that the days of man are
three score years and ten. Columbus discovered America
in 1492. My father was born in the year 1844. How
old is your mother? She is 55 years old. Where were
you yesterday at seven o'clock? I was [in] my room
with the singer. The king and the queen will be [in]
Rome {^-—[•r) on the 10 th of June. What o'clock will
it be to-morrow at this hour (*«/" «*«»*/2-fc)? It will be
eight. My teacher has some 200 volumes of books.
This grammar has 144 pages. Anatolia College, Mar-
sovan, Nov. (% v tri£tr r ) 3, 1895.
Twentieth Lesson.
Ordinal Numbers.
Except ~*--i}i, |. r f r . rr , |. pr * rt - and trrr*rr> the
ordinal numbers are formed from the cardinal bj r
appending frr-rr* They are as follows:
iun.u*£ffo first. iitf$p$ip»f. fourth.
y rke n vt second. ^H^f-rr fifth-
^VVPt third. 4^d^t m tT sixth.
Digitized by
Google
38 Lesson 20.
4ro/ttr{.r M rr seventh. »f/?«jM.fc{.j»» r f. 80 th.
" L Ph m tT ©ight. [,%%»„*lsy t » tr 90th.
^,H f . fr ninth. ^^/^r-rr 100th.
mu«»Hf"ff tenth. ^i$$p^Lp t—uu\,kt-$fftiii\>fmfY
«^tK4}t rrr 11th, 115th.
u. u . u %k P l l m^ t ^ t r 12 th. {/** <>"/tfi r 4f (. r » rr 501 st.
mm^^^tr^rr 13 th. <;.«#^«« / .|. f » f i t - 1 000 th.
ua$sttt%kt-iapu^f»fi^ 14tll, uwusup ^u$g^utp 'Ito^ftV
4i mm^ t m tr 20th. • 10006th.
*,*...«.*l-r- r r 30th. 4^«H r -rr 1000000th.
j^mmAVt^r BOth - tr-rr 126000000th.
^<,/2„„ t H f .. rr 60th. £*rtf* last.
hofB-UtiiUMMItuh^mmmi^ 70 th.
Remarks.
1. Fractional numbers are expressed by ordinal
numbers, as in English, as:
{r£« or «#{ kptipnp^. a half; £/•{"«. m-pkpnp^. two
eighths; «#f ^fc^*/'"/"/ a fifth; /«/»«» «•«•«** /»«/»/- four
tenths. «^J *»«- ^4« ^f*^ one pound and a half; J£« «* W
half an hour; «*W ««. lft» one hour and a half.
2. Proper names of princes take the ordinal num-
bers without an article, as:
M^/"^ V* • f ) (*rtr»n) William II. ; <bk»rt € l- • (*/rw)
George III.
3. The distinctive numbers (numeral adverbs) are
expressed by the ordinal numbers, as:
u»n.u»ff,% or %»»y» first; bpfonpt- secondly;
hpp- n thirdly, etc.
') Value of the letters of the
alphabet used as
1
«f 10
tf
100
1000
F 2
A 20
*T
200
2000
* 3
L 30
J
800
i_ 3000
't 4
fr 40
%
400
m 4000
fr 6
• * BO
Z.
500
F 5000
t 6
4 GO
n
600
a 6000
4: 7
< 70
L
700
7000
£ 8
4 80
"t
800
* 8000
• A* 9
q_ 90
L
900
# 9000
Digitized by
Google
Cardinal Numbers. 39
4. Both, all three, all four are to be rendered by
«*/_; the preceding numeral or substantive takes the
definite article, as:
Lpfri^X ,» L both; Lpkp 1 '"L a U three; £•»/•«* u»/_ all
four.
hp^nu ^njpirpl iu^ both sistei'S J ^g IrqpnyfiiibnX $u^
all six brothers.
B. All the numeral adjectives follow the first
declension.
Names of tlie months.
Q»t?ii»ti*/» January. 6"«-/A« July.
(jt&OT/tffctfjf February. o*-"""""' August.
XTiupm March. \\b, Hm bJpb P September.
IX'wfa April. z,-^^Jptf October.
xr'»j[»» May. %ybJpL r November.
6"<-ty« June. ^^bJpbf, December.
Names of tlie days.
iifo' u tf Sunday. ^P'tzz'vPb Thursday.
hvh^Z^fPb Monday. nw'A^ Friday.
hrkgzi-cPl 1 Tuesday. ^ pu ,p- Saturday.
%»pk£2*ufPI* Wednesday. (On) Tuesday hpkg^pPb*
Words.
ifiun part. ty»»finq_ able.
f '»/>?. class, (irr/n^ J u*n-,ug[,l l ,uj next.
< l % /f*-A' i^u) chapter.) UU^ fh P JI$n.,u%^ devout.
%utt.iui^but captain. fa ufp»p begins.
u,j£nqi. whole. it*> (ace), £M (dat.) me.
U'"^"' Psalm. m»c.Mt&- M they have given.
Exercise 85.
\jnni_u*pn_ ftp Lutpnfiti nuui%lrplrnirpnpn% £- t QnuUnutup
inuint^nju tun.iuC[$u tuJfiuU £-, \g*uiput* bppnpn p tru Qnc%fiu
ilngapnpn.pt Wrffivp uttupt-njb uiu»uulrpbnL.npnpn. tTtuuu £-:
fttupusu ntu^ul^iuhfth ou/n.uiunuhlrpnpn. tfutuu £■: \\juop
W'fpf*//' t U r p9l'h oplt t-t \\n TJkufhJbtuiT tiyu %tuuntX ^pkVVb
%tnttuitjlruipt \\iru J>wp__ ZJ'lfcT at ~ ^P"i' nt ~ k^ u •£*"? Unt -P^
nt^t/uPt Qappnpn. ^"'Pf-h utytuLfrputuarpp ^nu t?fiu bl?u rf-iuu
inn wft \\utpntnu \p ♦ h%ut l. ^tuautp ^fibf- ^uipfii^pfih t \\fyntT }\ .
Digitized by
Google
40 Lesson 21.
at. fyptrtntrpftynu *)••* bpunuah tut ptatpft ttttsjup'lttrp £ Atr : *fiuibh~
uiutpb^utu (rJi* &*****■ wffifyuy ^{tbu-JU'^Pl* bptruniXtrptro uiut^
ptr^utu ujfiuifi pnusiTi \/pbp ^ n {'[ tn p'f &*- tfpbni. nt-flbpaptL
Jkfy tuJpnqf^ Ifpltbui \ni-tjniffifynu <J»^« » l\>pu»vuuJjfi [tliu^
iputL.app^ % JErnutt- frutpfrq^ 1793 Qnebni.utp 2 1 pb « Qnif^ufhuk"
tr^trbuifi ) Jipwhfiuutairusb , \\iLt*{pb/ fc!f>£huif» \}{iJtvuibuth be
QntfCutl'L^u ^^f^butfi Qutlfnpbutlt , bpbub uti fyutpnn nuunu^.
db& V VT u, i 9a hIZ&' uinm J \tppiuTbnub uth be \\utputtubtn tuatu
\Pneptssutbutu t bpbaeph uii ^utt/ptstebutt t/utAutn.utbutu'Ubp trhx
\^tutjJnu jf«t «§y • <}»£,•> ^o/*/ fi|X* 9 U^/** tntuultbcffoubpaptf
»pwpni% cftrpOfih tnuipflh fct 1901 Qnelbnt.utp 1 [ib l^n ulptf*
aumttbpnpip ipuapnt
Translation 36.
This man has 4'/ 3 pounds [of] pears for his chil-
dren. Saturday is the last day of the week. My niece
visited me [on] Wednesday. The days are not short
in June and July. February is the second month in
the year; August is the eighth. Henry VIII. king of
England. (The) four is the half of (the) eight. Give
me three pounds and a half [of] sugar. His nephews
will be here [on] Friday. They have given the half
of that cheese to my neighbour. When does that devout
old lady go to church [on] Sunday? She goes at eleven
o'clock and comes home at half past one.
Twenty-First Lesson.
Indefinite Adjectives.
When used without a substantive, these words are
pronouns.*) With a substantive, however, they are ad-
mJku every. *ifb same.
P»L»r all. Ji»u Jp t 4>bt_ *£ any, some.
u.Jp U qf_ whole. f^mb u t what kind, of...?
') See the footnote a ), 17*h lesson.
*) See the 81st lesson.
Digitized by
Google
Indefinite Adjectives.
41
"*rtz_ another.
>ff>L* f —-pti_ other.
fia.p*tpm%ifi.p each.
j>-%f» jj, a few, some.
Z?»» many, much.
Z mm Jj, a great many.
Jki £uA*l> several.
.pmhfr how many?
tyl*»4 how much?
"L '&' L* • • no, not.
^uunuti age; size.
<[hl- S01TOW.
nt.fiutfuni-fiJ-ft-% JOy.
h tkh country.
4>—-Z_ thorn.
TPiyfyuL pen-holder.
^pumnt.p^s wealth , riches.
•up—nj— lark.
p* r ^^ fault,
thing.
MMtcvtrf 9 mmtmtiQ , m%m%£ SUCh,
— a.
t »jng—% go many.
ny-tunf, so much.
fit. /&£.$ 'vf'^L* bppbSb
certain.
.pfe little.
bp^mt^pu . . . u$i^ both.
fn>± what?
**}• which?
Words.
pu0K.u,p»u% dictionary.
lt r n.%u. v t i enterprise.
kp^uifmu$pn%yp young
people.
fain*!, rule.
pu»ijiun.ni.p-fct% exception.
j tU u[,u,b% t »^m% eternal.
g**-P»n cold.
P%^ nl 3, tu *r k has received.
Jlrn-uib- dead.
«»M person.
Exercise 87.
J^Jb'b fiutii fip thtuJuiliiulfn nubfit \^Jb*u <^uJViufy fip /»«_*.
puifuni fi ht'ltbhpb nv. tlftjuibph nclbfit )\'lpt*rrt_ fy'tyfipp wnpiuui
£-t (|* up nt-ptufmtufdfit-b jiui_fiuiu%tubuju b* Wj" ufinnuit
*l* tt P l lP J* u 'bf' *fi* a f' nL P nt ^'P x ^iuut bpbfiplibp gnuput ub x
\%L.psupuSu£fi€.p Jlupn^ ifp u fph (lOVeS) fybu/bppt f*>njtrp Jtvp ff.fr fy
dlu^Luiuuignc but O/** UL*^" 1 J» a *^ r A° ufiiuii J ni%fi ftp fJ-utpn.^.
tfiuuni.fl butbp u%ft }$j ufuuit ytt^ifit ffp^uttft O-fufi ntjb£-f/ht
*£^> ifii B-ffufi bt. fyuinp tip iuuthfrp ntX(rffut }\utuufy t^bn$ubfi
(fine) b-wqfify tfpx }\ju fij % np£utfytufu b ♦ n\.p b Jftuu ap^ut^
[ftuipt fl*-pfip .pbpmfyuturtt-P fiub JpU utt nuufiTt QJbp ^opbq*.
puypp np uwAp Ifp p% tub fit |^lr <Y/7' ^"V' utnubp yn pliuibb
ou/hfi ilp "cpfp ufh&bpnL. <jbui t t»'°tr* ttl^P ^ "Ut * fl* J £"*Y <# *-
fippb (* UJn - UJ p ut 'u'u b % b^> /^> &bituuipljhbp\
') Nouns preceded by many, Jioip many ? etc. usually remain
in the singular.
Digitized by
Google
42 Lesson 22.
Translation
God is the father of all men. Every rose has its
thorns. All the houses of this town are very high.
Such a translation would be easy. Give me a few pens.
Many a man is happy. Several (z?»») men have the
same name. Each boy has received seven piasters.
She had some mistakes in her translation. Both soldiers
are dead. Certain books are not good for young people.
The whole night was cold. No rule is without ex-
ception. It is rare (<J*»^*.««^4«y) to have many good
friends. Little wealth, little sorrow. That girl has no
friends. Every man is mortal. What bird is that? It
is a lark. A little boy had a great many pretty
flowers in his garden. My sister has received a letter
from a certain Mrs. Clarck. No man is without faults.
Every day in thy life is a leaf in tlrp history.
Twenty-Second Lesson.
Adjectives.
Adjectives, as in English, uniformly precede the
noun which they qualify, and remain undeclined, ex-
cept when used as substantives. 1 ) Ex.:
^«#£ tfhnunp jfc a brave soldier.
^'UL ""fig idle boys.
^u»p$t$.um fizfau/is <£ a rich prince.
$u upturn Jiuf^. iffc a poor man.
$uspnu„u,% ,tu ui^uiuij, the rich (man) and the poor
(man).
^wp.^au.iskrfr nu ust^iuuJ^kp^ the rich and the poor.
A noun may take the place of an adjective de-
noting a material. Ex.:
"«}/ AuMJluynjg Jf> a gold watch.
u*fb—p- rt^L *%. & silver spoon.
IV t *% J * em "ip u t—-t'i u u a P a * r of silk stockings.
Many adjectives are roots as in English, such as:
fuuy^m blue; i-fai.^ soft; i«y% broad; ^^ narrow.
') In this case, they follow the 1st declension, save those
ending in }.
Digitized by
Google
Adjectives. 43
But the greater number are derivatives, and may
be known by the following affixes and suffioccs added
to a substantive: —
a) ~* — jy hope; -V?/" hopeless.
-i — */£«Af »«/*/&«■* happiness; -ifyiWf un-
happy.
•»• — f.*^ beauty; f^*'/_ ugly.
^ — ^mjn^pftA existence; t^«/ non-existent.
•rj- — I'lfi colour; W-?«/* pale.
T J. — pusrft fortune; r^F'—n unfortunate.
h) -J-t — <jm // ,-j-.x / u % l u,Q, paternal care.
~J~ r — {bm»»j~ r JJ*$*uu* ,r a a hurtful insect.
«yft — &lu j:ug~ } \\ fk%ig.m%ft%k r teiTestrial animals.
-»— f — ^«.^*»^-.*-*j. tjo[tt0tu(&$n%/r(t famous generals.
I.JI — mpb^bfemX ,u n bp oriental nations.
m \b — &»p$ m ik ihu.kp graceful manners.
t-tt — {•""•^il '»** *5» a trusty person.
mtr — j-uA^m^ p„*. r Jj, a rusty sword.
•••-•»• — MfLiif^oY »$iittu»^tuinttbp sandy deserts.
lr~j — 0v^.tuJu0%tf.l r m^ tj-ffii^lrft diamond earrings.
{••L — ^'»4«l ^ P , u ig nLr delicious food.
t^P* — WtLtP* k^p-i'-" woollen cloth.
•»-{••»• — &mqff-~i>t* f.u*£*nLp flowery fields.
•»«-*» — fnf*unut-*\ p-iun.iut.np dp a wise king.
Adjectives*) denoting a nation are formed by appen-
ding the suffix -J~V Ex.:
ufuu/bm^mX tuwtnhptuujj, the Spanish war.
^ F u»%,nui i ,u% iOrifiu ( ,.uv i , the French Academy.
u-but/uA^Ji p,u%uMfe the German army.
luufyifi^mX uiuuiuinupJfc the English navy.
Adjectives denoting a nation's language terminate
in t r p. or ~r^- Ex.:
^"(/h^ j»* r pw%u*%ni.p-i l i.% Jp an Armenian grammar.
P»tfigl'tV t ' «-p^u/i, nL pf,L%p the Turkish literature.
P„*.u\r t \\ pujn.b p Russian words.
m>/^- r (.t or -trV 1 itv^ ^ ne English language.
jntJu-fiX »,mu»uiu^np ifp a Greek poem.
f ) See the 18* 1 * lesson, Remark.
Digitized by
Google
44 Lesson 22.
Remarks.
1. Most abstract nouns are formed from adjectives
by appending the suffix — Pt JU * Ex.:
ivr 1 ) blind. ^^...{ij-X blindness.
.nfunup*) sad, etc. «^— pj-* sadness.
2. There are a great many adjectives that require
their complement in the Dative, Ablative or Instrumen-
tal*), where in English they employ any one of the
prepositions of, for, to, on, tvith, etc. or no preposition
at all. Ex. :
%s» uMp^ii/hf, 4 ifu.i>Jiu.w i ,»ij2hk-% he is worthy of
reward.
&{,% o3Lf»«#f« r £ <&y>7.«<A» the horse is useful to man.
L usu,b r t*t n< i k% h h% a ib^^k 1 ^ many people are
dissatisfied with their condition.
%m i^'^ck * "if—-"^ he is deprived of living.
faqn*[a ih or fig**.'** h S-«^f&*/»«£ ^ e basket is
full of flowers.
Words.
fy^V :• heaven. $—*—& ripe.
kp\%u»^u»Jl»p sky. «»$«#« unripe.
u^b—ll wasp. ^.nphrntXkuy active.
Jfrfwu, insect. «»^ virtuous.
«&7»«#*r body. ^rf-Hrf* human.
^*»^A soul. *u$yut-2_ stupid.
<J^t« carpenter. $lkut,»guir»y silk, ren.
?«/•*&? too1 - I 11 "/*!, fragrant.
"b*2?« the Nile. <J../«,^««y eminent.
^/»«««« advice. p u .%\-i< t lfc precious.
a.utuutp- cup. putpblln. handsome.
iyumi<iinii^iii^ fork. <J«»2Cfr^ agreeable.
u/u^Bu^phr sculptor. **-/fy heavy.
%\ plant. fy^a,*.^. heavenly.
') See the law of permutation, lesson 9.
*) As it is sometimes difficult for beginners to discover
at first sight which case is to be employed, it has been
thought advisable to assist them with practicle hints, whenever
necessary.
Digitized by
Google
Adjectives. 45
tlLtniu^ metal. mtuapfm%f^ unhappy.
tf.g,wmnt.% library. ^©/» mighty. 2?/»«"-»/» strong.
ifpoiig religion. %mpf—Lup necessary.
^u,£„i_pf,ii, bravery. jmpj^p fit.
j>iuqppnLp[$L*it sweetness. n^tu%u»t.np noted.
fL\ t uunpn*.pf,*_% disposition. %Jiuu alike.
Exercise 39.
\\p unpad* uuiuiniin apuuuiuuititupp f putpXp o tunapp at-
fyu/buiu* nuiputappt ^mundb tntuudMrp mJbfrat ft'$i S^P » fccitr..
Xapp ur^tuu Lu t l lu !f3 ^uiundb Lbnuiu ndbffhp t ^tui&pp
utput-atauju ^fru ""If- 'fi*b out ^oputpnipu nnph nt.uhruij at.
lunutofllufi £1% tlpb 4"t <X\[tk utlfp tJbuiuuiLujp JftOuiui tlpb £-t
}^iupn.i^u»jpb l^ausbap LutpA £« \j nni.iupn.fi unp ttpB PIL
otLuiuiyuip lie <£uil£bffi out \yutntfjiuu ifui ^ L m \but a ul. £, l lu U3
'^nn.pu u/btfiu^ £t \Xtl u uintub tutuncp £t \\jf- yf ,t - u f' IrpLutfd-
a.nph-nauap nCblti fruipuutuu'nt-^ltu yutui tip tflruiutpuuuii ttriup-*
l^fibiulfblrp Ll. ppnau/j nnuituu/blrp m.'ufi t Ipbp ujufput^qftU
u%0 pnt.pbn hutnfiUbbp Itatbx \\JBru fCTO- tip nuuhnt^b n.uipp
nublrguub k (has had) x * Z,iujl,p(;u j&qni.'u **«/" t„ V ^»k
\nput ^"itppu t uibuipuian ^ntuiutuiu puiuutuuian&p t \P**p nL.*,
unL.hu in putbp (college) uiuLifiap^b) ^pulbulrpt^b^ naptftuutrpfcuf
tujutpuap^ru at, inubiupl^u Q-f'flpbpnt/ nnpi npuimni-b up ntAihi
*\ 9 tu utJhu putbji juipiluip £t \\pobpp \iupyujcnp £ tftupn.ni.ut
%uji[m^nu l(p a-ntfkp (praised) lp nfiuni.np'bapnt.u ^outgnt,^
PfttXp t
Translation 40.
The Nile is a large river. Henry is a good pupil.
A good advice is precious. Miss Elizabeth is a dili-
gent little girl. That low (#'«*-) house is on a high
mountain. The sick count lives in a beautiful palace.
The king had a gold cup in his hand. What had the
handsome young man? He had a silver fork. The
black eyes of that Armenian young lady are very fine.
Michael Angelo was a famous sculptor, and Raphael
San ^io was a great painter. Many plants have always
green leaves. Those books are very useful and agree-
Digitized by
Google
46 Lesson 23.
able. (The) iron is a heavy metal. The rich are not
always happy, and the poor are not always unhappy.
The rich and the poor are alike before God. What
beautiful blue eyes! England has a wise old queen.
There is some delicious food on the wooden table.
The German army and the English navy are mighty.
The Turkish soldiers are brave. Warren was noted
for the sweetness of his disposition.
Twenty-Third Lesson.
Degrees of Comparison.
The two degrees of comparison are the compara-
tive and superlative.
The comparative is formed by prefixing -- fr^ more,
or it is the simple form of the positive, — the latter
by prefixing -4 1 — the most.
Comparative.
pwp&P high; -*4 t f i"»e*e higher.
t^atk beautiful; —trf t^itabk mwe beautiful.
Superlative.
^Xmpmplp the highest
mJ^Xm^^^ the most beautiful.
Degrees of diminution are expressed by prefixing
*— - 1. less, for the comparative, and ~4*~*»« «l least,
for the superlative, as:
o^iifu;^ useful; **— »t. ofuituftstp less useful;
mJiXmX^m t o^miiif^ the least useful.
Moreover, the adverbs £-t» \ m vl* hi-* and wl,
give the adjectives the force of superlatives, as:
J-jrJ or j*j} $u,pn±—n ttt/lf/ftr J L , an extremely rich lady.
H-r or i— r J-p**liiih l Bi. ull s ( i t ,„ l jfc, a very diligent
student.
Remarks.
English than is rendered in two different ways, viz. :
1. When preceded by a substantive or pronoun,
than is not translated, and the substantive or pronoun
is put in the ablative case, as:
Digitized by
Google
Degrees ol comparison. 47
,u r l, L £ [fLvfiblx .u^bij, Ah- k t the sun is larger than
the moon.
tg.ut.% ffolAe f^ib p»*plp-$u. u ^ bu, thou art taller
tlian I.
>$$% iififylrpnkix lu^y^ i^tr r tC,M,/uou k t he is more eloquent
than Cicero.
2. It is translated by +-*> when the comparison
is merely expressed by — 4jJ or *— -^ without an ad-
jective following, as: -^ifi ««tf> %-j *~i ,»phr„,p t there
is more gold than silver.
3. When two different adjectives or verbs are
compared with one another, than must likewise be
rendered by +~i, as:
, u % tui.b^ ir r £us%^ k +~i frn$lr>r, he is more happy
than prudent.
1-nttg $ut.&/fi fa f"°"fa> +~* {£ f-f('^k^9 you speak
more than you work.
4. As... as or so v . as is rendered by -y*yf
. ..» r i»f or by the postpositions ...^.f 1 ) or ...^t-, 1
and wo£ 50... as by -t. -y*irf ••• "rirt or ••• trf ') !••••» as:
that girl is as handsome as innocent.
■My* iuiuptnl;a/i Jilrttp%p% V**T niutntut.i^in t; ,
our garden is as fruitful as yours.
these novels are no£ so interesting as those.
££» »nnt*bp tifjif- luiugututh'h V»f nwttJitt jk i
your house is no£ so high as that palace.
5. When a relation between two comparatives is
expressed, the English the . . . the before them is
translated by »' p *~* . . . -yW~*, as:
~t+ mX ?±"-' n t "HHpufo !»*$., the sooner, the better.
Words.
4?«l?g street. qn^tupp- gay.
^fiittiytuptufy square. i*m*fl&£ the former.
"vwffa stork. 'ttr^a the latter.
') See the 7* h lesson, b).
Digitized by
Google
-iS Lesson 23.
(«7»f. class. tiLUM. »&uc$$kp studious.
•Ibtra means. */»£# elder, bpfo-tifi* eld-
tpmJT money. est.
/*/!»<-r hill. f/#«««^ younger, fou$ubpu,~
^^« valley. f-^/fc youngest.
um^u$ f ^ world. "«v sharp.
l^uBu^mp lead. 'ipo-byf-gfo amusing.
tfl^#»<. bee. 4r w< > u '' i 'tf'£. instructive.
^/f«#iT silk-worm. &,*„#/> intelligent.
1"^" duke. ^«/» or -««.fcf deep.
M—tf» parents. ^»atqu*gu0£$»p polite.
t^uM^u,^ tulip. $u»%^.u* P ui or -fib quiet.
iu>ji> broad. %*i_ narrow. f—n-usutp ambitious.
Exercise 41.
tynnnyi* Jiv/b t* ^puittpupuilfp utu&i/i £i"/b £» [\ulrf»% tup*,
bnvpr^rb iuubi[i p-uibLt^iL^h £-, ziuyo uiiLuid*sttsi.n tuiflirhuiprush*.
l^uttp^iU Jhuiutith £-s \\jh bpj$utuiutitpii n ftp psvpbyuiJk'h utLUt/t
tptt-usppj- 4r * d w^l ol l\^uspii.utU ubiinpn [ihbpu L*U. utrtiuO/ihti
tuubtji ni^uaciwutu^p £ M*"** dbptiftlbpz \uttnubputu.njh untpu
l|.<l)/f^c# ^f fi'bui/ffi bpfttfuti^nfU bqpopu ./»«£* ^""Y^//
jjvifi futbuiufcp kj>* tit/"* P u Ud "^ h' 4 u *{*v{d' tunui<Mib
k > ifc^/' luuibwul^n tujb^uttfi unup ^k np^uttft fatT itt/bffiu t
<IJu//#o tip On abb pp tutWltuaiuti. upOnoltbttb L*hi \^%np bnjtop*,
Jk*h uiub^ ijpuitT niXfi^gt || £_, bu $ufL^ui$fi (SO much)
i^ptutT £niX(itTt l\jij- ^trq^bwlifth (author) l^"/> bpfut^
u^pncp^uVubp (works) nduffgt n'^, sip* «#ty»««fc ( so *nany)
£nt-1Ufu/ % t £nuhp Ltutanu^b utt-btfi ^utt-tuuiiuphiT £» fl'* JJi LL%^
q.u/hfi tuubifi <£iut-UJUiu*pfiJ % £ uuiU pat-lint W^ju ffi/IPp wubrfi
uftouiranLaft* £■ ouflb ^pui^utbu.h*t \fn.nt-uipa. avL.biJi Oui%otu^p
£ nutb tfintugfti {( pouih puspXp XpiLiPjX P[" L PP* tujliputb
p»np I b'pituy I S nt lb u$ P x W'lfiB uttt ^"f-P \\buutp^ £""fa 'fa**"* wulzp
kl* x \\tuLu»*ji aorquthb (fine) htunfcu dpU £♦ ?" i -?* a '^P **"-** if*
tpbtpubfi £• *[** t i ,t lP t" 9 /"!' butqliublrpniXM tuJb*husa.bnui%[ih £t
\}i*kg " t IP'' g UP u trpbuat-bbpuni. uiutpbuutb £i Z^iuittu ^opbqy
popJkn. uiubi[i bbp £«
Digitized by
Google
Regular Verbs. 40
Translation 42.
The morning was warm ; the evening was warm-
er. That was the warmest night of the year. This
church is higher than the other. Mary is the happiest
girl in the world. Napoleon I. was the greatest gener-
al. (The) iron is a very useful metal; it is more
useful than (the) gold and (the) lead. The most useful
insects are the bee and the silk-worm. This house is
not so old as the other. The duke's palace is more
high than broad. My parents are less rich than your
friends, but they are happier and more contented.
The richest men are not always the happiest. Our
cat is not so strong as your little dog. Henry is as
idle as his younger brother. The 22 nd of June is the
longest, and the 22 nd of December is the shortest
day of the year. Mr. Aram is a very polite man; he
is politer than his eldest brother. The quieter a life
is, the happier it is. The longer the days, the shorter
the nights.
Twenty-Fourth Lesson.
Regular Verbs.
The verb consists of two elements, viz. the root
and the terminations. The former is always invariable
in regular verbs ; the latter, however, undergo certain
variations, by which persons and tenses are distinguished.
By the termination of the Infinitive Mood we dis-
tinguish three different forms of conjugation, viz. :
The first conjugation, with the Infinitive Mood
ending in t^* as: *-e^O to work:
The second conjugation, with the Infinitive ending
in f L . as: f»o»} L to speak.
The third terminating in -^» as: i ut rt m L to read.
Formation of the tenses.
The present tense of the Indicative is formed from
the Infinitive by changing its final ^ into * and pre-
') In this grammar all the variable terminations of regular
verbs are in the paradigms printed in Italics.
Elementary Armenian Grammar. 4
Digitized by
Google
BO Lesson 24.
fixing the syllable { t , as: «^l t° love, \t,-h^ s I love;
f»o»\ L to speak, (/» fl*o«tf I speak; i'TT^L to read, {^
^p^mX I read.
The Imperfect is formed from the Present b}'
changing its final W or \* into {-J, and — ** into -yj,
as: fr» ?'vMi; fe £o«4J; ft. Hnf-vf-
The Perfect 1 ) is formed from the Infinitive bj r
changing its terminations fc-j., J^ and -^ into t$f , tj-j
and «••>£» as: iif—iuft^ to finish, it—wwp\rit\ p^" u ^Il 1°
dwell, to live, /A-^tj-y; £«"/rL ^ pl a y> ("""Lrot*
The y?rs£ or simple Future and the ^/Jrstf Conditional
are formed by prefixing tjff to the Subjunctive
Present and Imperfect, which are, in regular verbs,
the same as the Indicative Present and Imperfect
without {&, as:
mft*r\ f.-fcs I sliatt praise; if tJ t»j}l I should praise.
The formation of the tenses in the other moods
will be seen in the paradigms.
First Conjugation' 4 (ix~-tl x l>-rr"*-W Jl )-
Indicative Mood (o«<s-i~t-> <1 br u I).
Present Tense (*ht'ti m j d^-^-^-f).
Singular ((br-$f). Plural (e- r x ~i0-
im "fo^f*) I love. fe» «/t/»t** we |
„ uj> r V» thou lovest. „ «^/»tf you J love.
n ufol he or she loves. „ "foil they |
Imperfect (ll*{— r~ p ).
fe «/t/»tf I loved. fo» "faty* we J
„ «/^ r thou lovedst. „ -hi}* you J loved.
, "hh he loved. n «^/4p» they |
Perfect (i|~i.~ r fr-. L ) .
"A'M I loved. "fohF 1 * we I
"ArM? ^ ou lovedst. "h^^U you > loved.
«^/»l-5 he loved. "teW 1 they |
See the footnote, page 21, 1).
For the formation of the compound tenses, see the 13*h
lesson, Eeraark 1.
s ) See the footnote, lesson 18, 2).
i
Digitized by
Google
Eegular Verbs. 51
Future (lit-- H)-
n \^ ..fifis I shall | -ihl "A* x * we shall I
'„ "M- thou wilt J love. n «M* you will J love -
„ «M he will ) * "M x they „ !
Firs* Conditional (R-M~* Ui-^W-
iM "ArtJ I should ) . -thl "frty* we should | 6
, "Mf r thou wouldst | £ „ "Art?* you would J >
„ «Mr he would ) - „ «Mf x they „ | ^
Imperative Mood (^-/-m-a b^t-i).
p..'^ M ^t./ fo£ we love. -ft* 1 * fe* ws love.
»A# love (thou). «fr*rt'* love (you).
p-'t «ft+ fe/ 7w" love. P-'t. *ft4* W them love.
Subjunctive Mood (U-r-r-r— -H 1 bi-^-l)*
Present (*uM"v)-
- r -A*/ that I I -r "A* 1 * tint we |
1. "M- * thou J love. „ "M* » you J love.
„ «M „ he I „ «M* „ they I
Imperfect (C>{— r~ r)-
*r -Mi * te * ! should j ^ *r »frtyt that we should | 6
„ „ thou wouldst J > n »fo\rl+ * you would \>
„ he would ) ~ „ "MJ X „ they „ I ~
Participles (t^r^ir-PM^r)-
Present «^/»*t. loving.
Past »fv~> 9 »hh loved.
Future "fo^tr- to or about to love.
Conjugate in the same manner:
jwpfVi to respect. »K'ipc^L to clean.
fcfyl-L to forgive, to pardon, '"«^l to sweep.
^t-Lto buy. «*r«4f, to learn, to study.
Ip'i-t to make. -«-7>L to want.
o/»^Ht to bless. /"I-l to hear.
4*
Digitized by
Google
52 Lesson 4 J4.
Remarks.
1. There is only one way to render the expression :
/ love, I do love and I am loving, viz. fe -faWt — I was
loving or I used to love = fc «^/»W » ©tc.
2. The prefix {& (in the case of monosyllabic
roots $— t as: J— /«*«/* I weep, }•*- ^«"/* I come, J— ««*««r
I give) appears only in the Present and Imperfect In-
dicative. The following verbs do not take it even in
these tenses; l>f I am, f r X— ^ I can, f^vl-s I know,
n^ufcj* I have.
3. Jc is apos.trophed (#') before a vowel, as J'*/»-
tkf I sing*; yi—nkJ* I hate; J , «f.£*«r I want.
4. The English I am to or I Aaua to is translated
by the Future Participle compounded with the Present
and Imperfect Indicative of the auxiliary verb V x t as:
Vahram is to learn German,
I have to write a letter,
Words.
*ri,ri2##i.f (pron. ^fctf-) spar-
"fuPt^ report.
row.
#p«A linen.
utuJht-ii noise.
iY«""iV picture.
fc*/4 L to forgive, to pardon.
unfurl nightingale.
,£, r7 ^ty rose-bush.
syu*£u»ayiMA$rj_ to defend.
«y'*y»«*!/? debt.
yk«r|. L to drink. ^/^to sew.
q-u,(,b£,,M-r beer.
ty*uft L to invent.
J2iuutkfiu*ju$ur£_ drama.
%l i iuf\\_ to paint.
/£'/««- language.
^^^ L to sell.
il*ibk boot.
Exercise 43.
A"£ (whom) ^£ ufaibui \,u fe ufchrtT bt£ptujpui 0*^^-
/ju/lr ^/i jutpt±k ftp m-unLtjfifbbjtni iplt'itp £p utrpwb'hg Jhp
tLu/u&ppt *)wiM» ^/» tl'kp &l*p ^pus^uabo.'htrpp t j£b?fqni-^hlrpp
Lp pflhttli ftpUhg PlfrhpP* \\uu>nt.tub- op^bhg \\pptu^tui/pt
^nJat-L tTn Jutrgfihu tfintpmftb Jhft [}n{t/ujfyn fy'lrpu.fcp tfuip^
n.b1»*-njh ifpuijx f» %£_ uf[$uifi t^pkg * 'ifUtt/tu^ tfjt ujfiuifi y ptrift
Digitized by
Google
Second Conjugation. 53
*\t"p£ Jhn tuutputpbppx Dp/it'ty* q[\uutnuiuh- Ire tflrp phLIrp^
%bppx \}tntuuni.^ffu ftlnn uit-tl? uLlbuiubnt \% 1»« unJpirint. kj**
|f*^trp P-nt-pnlrptrb uni/pbgnL. h%p ire \\JbpfrfyuJtjfi1b ^tujlwpt^h
itni/pfrtrtL. £ t |» !»« n%irtnc ^rfittt *£uAj[i tip J?"»p Ltrn.utu atrfr*.
#/»c k(*kt f* ***//! Sfot *£"*? tnuibX nXlriyfiht Q up £ uatiuuiut.nppt
[\tr uh%truibn ttifrutfi tliupp^pt \\utnnt.iuh- on^bl? Jkp M»n«-tr/fi
Translation 44.
What do you want? I want some money. He
defends his honour. I shall drink a cup of beer.
Shakspeare wrote many dramas. Fulton invented the
steamboat. What have you to sell? We have to sell
our horses. What will they buy? They have to buy
Otto's French grammar; they are to learn that lan-
guage. I come from the vineyard. Respect God's law,
if you will be happy. Let them study their lessons.
Let him clean his boots. Did you hear the report?
No, but my elder brother has heard it. Who sews
this fine linen shirt? My younger sister sews it. Who
has painted that fine picture? The old painter has
painted it. God bless our school.
Twenty-Fifth Lesson.
Second Conjugation (b* r f r - r T" U*Tr w *"J l £ 4 - t )*
Indicative Mood (u-C'-M-* bt-M)-
Present Tense (*uM~.> d—'-M)-
Singular (btrtf)- Plural (8-fMJ)-
l ir fuo..\s I speak. tp /«o«tt.* we |
n £o«J- thou speakest. „ /"°«f* you J speak.
„ fa"} he speaks. „ /uo»}X they I
Imperfect (U>f— »— r)-
)okest. „ /"otttyi
v fuou± r he spoke. „ /fc*o«tJx they.
l lfL /ko«ty I spoke. !(£ /"<>'4JW we I
n fo»^ r thou spokest. „ f»o»ty+ you J spoke.
Digitized by
Google
5± Lesson 25.
Perfect (M— r- r^L)*
A**«t:>-y I spoke. fao,±2~\+ we |
A*o<4>j~ r thou spokest. £o«t 5 ~* you J spoke.
£o«(.j— he spoke. A' "^- 1 they |
Ft*/wre (ivj-m^J).
-.£.,.£ ^.o«p I shall j^ ^tJ H l * we shall j^
„ fuoSl- thou wilt J g „ A"»«i* you will J $
fa*} he will ) 6* „ f»o»}l they „ | S*
JVr^ Conditional (p-H-* Uy--**)-
^j n j^ faoutyit we should
© „ ^o«(.Jf you would
& „ /..-«* they „
n
n t^ A^tf I should
„ A^tJr thou wouldst
^o«tr he would
Imperative Mood (4r—ft->~J~x bir 1 -})'
p-t, A*o«J/ fc* me speak. A"»«fW fctf «s speak.
^o«t speak (thou). A>o«|p 9 |.'+ speak (you).
pj t A*©«J fof him speak. p-'i. /«o«Jx let them speak.
Subjunctive Mood (u*r» c —r- .— .J«*t b^i-j).
- r ^o«£s that I J ^5 -r l uo "i x * that we j^
„ £o«J- „ thou }g „ £*»h n you J 8
» A-°"f „ he ) ^ „ j»ou}X „ they ) 5?
Imperfect (u*J— »— r) #
„/, £©«{.£ that I should | ^ "/» A"«tJ** that we should 1 44
„A"«tyr » thou wouldst j $ „ A"'4f * „ you would! $
„ A—+r i) he would I & „ A'—W 1 i) they » I &
Participles (£V--*frir-W~ u *-r)*
*iitf J-V (Present) A">«-t. speaking.
B^jI-l (JR»«0 A""~> spoken.
H^-^x^ (Future) A»°«+ir- to or about to speak.
Conjugate in the same manner:
^"Uilu to shine. *'«y/Jl to look.
^ z /„^„,j L to labour, to work. j"t^L to be fatigued.
""V'Il to live. «Y""*-^Ltoliedown,togotobed.
ffr-f/t to dwell. A"r^L to think.
Digitized by
Google
Second Conjugation. 66
Words.
,*,., r lr,»f f blackbird. ^h, UV u%^}^ to obey.
fu%l np ir%[, apple-tree. j-r* ,u ktL to attack.
««-«'y»} robber. fnnntutn^^ to rob.
nC-Jf*^ traveller. ^««^l ta please.
wifiujf, desert. ^ w iktL to flourish.
pk that. ^*-'i"ib for. J-t^n^ to smile.
«,,i i ,» ttr n t .p[,L-'i, printing. k^r^^C) to think, to pre-
V u'un'i.^> them. sume.
z*?r < l m k u 'L hwl to thank.
Exercise 45.
W'klt^V^' ktL l" ou Kp x H£_» St/'i tru (tmtngbpk*^ klL
ptoujttTt Q,bp ^ u (JpP nt -P ktL pl nu kb* A U /JI IU ^"- dtujnu tuiu
tftnnngfth u%f kp_ f^ tu kf^' * U^w^A^nntr^? ^'h ut auih n.u in*. It'll
fipb*hg m.unigfr/barpnL.'bt H,/" uinaiuui bpfttntuuutpnp b'vuipiuiuift
uin.titug tutttfitt-Lftt Wuutnbrpp l^n ifiuti/fSu Liuutnjtn bplshuiLui^
tlutplitt Jnttttx fruttfp ouibp lilt tttputli it* tun It tip t "£u*tn tna'hitib-
hiT) rltt/iITt ncflnt-fy^ufiu tutun.fyf*i ^nt-nbtTt ||\y» l^n *huijkfipx
\ubinpb^i until tlptui trpu.ntt uuipbrutbbti Lp%tut^ftx *\ 9 tufit junp\l?
lit- uituui a-nph-^r * Q*-tunwuulrpp j tup & tali Iratvh 7\ut*fu.npn!bbpnuh
tfpuuj I**- bnnntuut&gfiti qu/unbpx |» Ir* u nt-ul^px ^uiabrg^ro utmi
lib A pi nun fit t tlhittih lit. '//'/'£' 'umifluli tip luhtnh tipbtPt
tjfn.fi! btltubpb ^btupbn uttututi pnt-fiUfiuup 1436/^*
Translation 46.
Our teacher speaks four languages. Good children
obey (to) their parents. When the general commands,
the soldiers are to obey. The sciences flourished in
Italy in the 17 th century. Crusoe lived on a desert
island. The child looked at its mother and smiled.
The brother and sister were good, they obeyed (to)
their parents and worked. That boy has learnt the
Spanish language in a short time. When did you buy
') i|<vf»&fr<r I think, sometimes takes the prefix It, anp
sometimes not. It t—plbtr expresses an opinion with rather more
confidence than faipbbiT.
Digitized by
Google
56 Lesson 26.
that picture? I think (that) I bought it two years
ago. We thought (that) you were in Paris. Will j r ou
drink a glass of beer? No, thank you, for I have
drunk a glass of wine.
Twenty-Sixth Lesson.
Third Conjugation (b t t m t T l^"f r "^Ff - 1 )'
Indicative Mood (u-C« r ~*-.j-.t btr*~J) •
Present Teme ("blri-J d—^-H)'
Singular (btrtf)* Plural (e-fMJ) •
k A""t~ r I P^y. Jt fr-i? x * we j
r> £~vr~ thou playest. „ fa-n*** you > play.
n /usitqmj he plays. „ £s—y~x they |
Imperfect (uty- r- r)»
$t A-tl-vJ I played. J t A"**rd x + we j
w fa«"i?jfo thou playedst. „ A"»'£vf+ you / played.
„ A"»£» r he played. „ A""'Z_-vJ x they I
Perfect (i|-^-. f l— L ).
fawqmjt I played. /u^qm^Xj, we j
/u.u q ~2t t thou playedst. A""ZT9f+ y° u 1 played.
fl"»'i-p he played. A" l *'zr:rf I they I
fWuw (u«j»».tf).
•^•rA fr»—i?f I shall
n fuui.^m thou wilt
^ fuivtfmj he will
. <yA m A A"-"/r** we shall J •
^ n b"-t?+ you will 1^2
^ „ A"-^ they „ ) <*
Fir** Conditional (P-H~* Bhr-tf).
. ; J*.f l»»"i-A I should \ t nl*rH uu "Lr:t x * we should
„ fa»'irAt thou ( £ „ A"*^* you would . ^
wouldst [^ ? *
^ fu.u.^f he would ) „ f uu *, i ~j}\ they „
Digitized by
Google
Third Conjugation. B7
Imperative Mood (4 f «./~>~J~x b^l-j).
. P-'t. t»"»'i~f let we play. ^«# 7 -:x* Ze^ as play.
f"*?? play (thou). fau^-fii. play (you).
JU'^ f.« n let him play. JU'i. ^ wy -.t ht them play.
Subjunctive Mood (Ot-f-f -• — J~* br"' 1 -})'
- r /»/// 7 -/ /ft-tf I | . -J. fi,,„^Ji4. that we j .
r ^«y- w thou J^ „ /u.« 7 ~f ^ you 5^
7i A""W „ he ) ^ „ £„, 7 -.l „ they J^
Imperfect (U*J~i— r)-
• r [,,,», r: \ that I should J - r /«w 7 ^^ MaJ we should]
„ A'*"/-^r n 'tou ( j>> „ /'"»/-;}♦ „ you would /^
wouldst j^ te
„ [u, UfLrt that he would) „ f""Tr^ x n they „ )
Participles (c>r w, - 1 ^tr , -W*" u ^r)*
(Present) *utf{~/ ^Mf^^-i, playing.
(Fa*/) U^t-t/ fa»vv~} played.
(Future) UL-j~.-\l % ^«^-l- to or about to play.
Conjugate in the same manner:
#"7»7--L to read. /u%y.*. L to laugh.
£"7~L t° swim. ,/««.«-.!, to hope.
«"/~L to grind. /^ ,<l ~l (pron. tii t -" t L) to wash.
^."YrL t° twinkle. f/«%~ L to try, to endeavour.
^'"TTL to cough. f-#f#*.~ L to roar.
Remark.
Verbs in -^ preserve - throughout all the Moods.
The present and past participles generally take an addi-
tional syllable derived from the form of the Perfect
(fftuu$iuf$tr0tff ) t as i tf"p*i- tm ^ n i_ or £"7»7" , j^7»» Ifutgiq-m^itihr . J/he
Passive Voice (see less. 32) also exhibits this additional
syllable.
Words.
[,,„$„,[,„,{, cook. hfthnnihiJt ridiculous.
""l?vhp- mill. itiiutyuipb- vain.
tt/yopkiytuii Qx2j , "i ,u u it i'"' 1 ' mill" tiy[iti%i£t$it( queer,
er. ^mm#» 7 /# raging.
Digitized by
Google
58 Lesson 27.
fuiui.wp darkness. bvVru ^° send.
"tkiu^utm$uJ$uptu battle. t{iu*pu$ui^^ dispel.
p%^. u %op- cannon. ^/^«4x to knit.
L „i.u0ju0 P ,u (t „u^l, washer-wo- Jl^p-^ to beg.
man. J£% }«*/«£fc Jfri. utL across.
tk/* r J^l(lr, i i; 4 i, linens. i»»^kp he had no . . .
©*'«#«. soap. J«i.t>w<jM beggar, ph**. though.
-P—S drawing-room.
,»pjl.,fe (pron. ts*pj£—fcp) corn.
Exercise 47.
h Lj'/» l^n ^uipiLuitTt Yfrfylpy Ujuiuidht-P^ubn Iftvjtijuiijuib LtTi
\ua^uinutttit uat-nAp uinutut Hjiit |*tr£#i«. [utii^ tvtjf'p i Ylj'fr
Lhuituuinb br it hutuMUuin tilth uiiiu/hqwL &bt-(r finish Jj»**»J ptuq.u*tjp t
<*\utjb tutu luutnnirn ) '/""i/ba^t* t PPI^S^B ^"~ t f" t *{ lu " n "£4tf! '//'-
ptritat-Uiit fuuiuuipnt ^ftt-uihiLti Ln ^utauipi -guiyuiuiuiduiputn
Ijuiuttuiifc £/ ' ♦ P'b'f-tvtiQfJ'hlritii Lit iinsLutjffct \aL.uitju*puifiai.^pu
ft I * uifiuifi inuuipx jjJ»ittlluLLii^l»Lupu u^utjt inuuijt % /"'£/#
oAwift %nulsl~tt ♦ utuuiuuit-aiin f< u I>(['> r tf{' n [* Lpl^nu J*—> oAuiit-
n*ii^t ^uH-uiutul } t jitL.uui % uhnl£x
Translation 48.
Do yon believe in (to) God? I am a Christian,
Sir, and every Christian believes in (to) God. Why
is this girl laughing? She is laughing at the ridiculous
manners of that vain lady. What was lie reading? He
was reading the poetical works of Longfellow. His
sisters were knitting their stockings in the drawing-
room. In Lord Byron's letter to his mother, we read
that he swam across (of) the Dardanelles. What does
the miller grind? He has ground the corn. That
beggar begs bread. Alice will try to learn her lesson,
though it be very difficult.
Twenty-Seventh Lesson.
The negative forms of the verbs.
The negative of the Present and Imperfect Indi-
cative is formed by prefixing the negative of the
Digitized by
Google
The negative forms of the verbs. 59
auxiliary verb 1 ) to the Infinitive by changing its
final l into p In the 3 d pers. sing, of the Present
the {• before a verb beginning with a consonant is
changed into J . Ex. :
Present Tense.
Singular. Plural.
£s <£,,(,& i, r I am n ot working £** ^ph-k^ we are not| t*>
ifr" » thou art n » *♦ -J y° u » n [I
u l „ he is „ n .it 1 ^ ^ey „ „ J g
Imperfect.
^ffr^flwas not | «> ^V^"/**^ we were not) g>
•j-fr v thou wast not >:§ <&}+ „ you „ „ |:§
ttr „ he was „ J S £p. „ they „ „ ) I
The negative prefix of the remaining tenses is i_. Ex. :
Perf. t,«f-"/»*-£#^ t ijt"('^fyfc i ifr'T^A'/' e ^ c * I did not
work, etc.
Fut. ••il»tnfi ^.itphbiT, «yA mv A ^"/»^^««i etc. I shall
not work, etc.
In tenses formed by a participle and the auxiliary
the negative prefix ^ is attached to the auxiliary and
not to the participle. Ex.:
Pret. Perf. ?.«/»£«»^ ^t/\ f.»/t&-«»&- ^«#, etc. I have
not worked, etc.
Plup. ^nphu,h ^, ^, r ^/<^ t£/tj»» e ^c. I had not
worked, etc.
Second Fut. f.«/»&««& «y^m^ ipiu"' r t etc. I shall have
not worked, etc.
The negative particle for the 2 d pers. of the
Imperative is not t_ but 4'. The form of the verb in
that person sing, is derived from the Infinitive by
changing its final ^ into r> an d the Plur. from the
2' 1 pers. of the Present Indicative without Jc Ex.:
Singular.
1 st pers. P»i_ w't^l*^ 1°^ me not work.
2 d „ ilf f.'r^t'r do not (thou) „
3 d „ A*"^. t<f-"/»^4- let him not „
') See lesson 18, Remark 2.
Digitized by
Google
1 st
2 d
Oil
pers,
n
o rt
77
60 Lesson 27.
Plural
wpklrtig let us not work.
i/p ii»[,bk£ do not (you) work.
P'"L wp^M let them not work.
Words.
Jluit n u% clotted milk. t»&Vi to shut.
•»kp cream. #«i#4 L to hate.
f«/."i«^ estate. «#/»«/i L to reject.
^kplutti tailor. gkaiplL to pay.
ifhp.upl^nL. coat. musuimttfctiu'by.^ to answer.
i^rr evil. fc£«4- L to throw.
{swiM^uiir enough. ^U- L to fear.
Xw^^Wj/fi^ to prefer. ?"^h. t° praise.
tP^l to milk. /swi*-.^ to open.
fj»Tlr L to break. ^#» t ^u» 4 it is cold.
Exercise 4!).
t|*u«&/ii.tr ^tjP uftphpt n'> t tfftT uftphrp* bu fpTbtufiipbui^
pas/ % virgin t Wuiusum.^fi'L hnthi Lptrux i\' >% £P ^floy- '"*"
sufitnf, l(pkp uybfr l»Pk q- n hg 4P—bia[L«uf'4> i^tfl* 1 II V.
L nut pay u.uiLtuatM*hu t \}U *£rninpoafi qujju ♦ LutpbhiT iJ^u/^4"
fyninphtji <f%nt-iLp Jjf iLtitjbfi* u^uiutnu^uihn u_nijl?i *\*nun.n up
p tub tut*, unt-ptn £i |itr*m. Lit {imI//lu*j t ^^ [tihiLuip* y/» tfiuuipi
\p/i uiutko &Lp pphutJ^uirpp* Q^ly* Jkptfbp -yq- *uuiuint-£pp.
tufitnfi *iuu»h1bo Jbp PfbiuJfiubpni *\+hrp£uilsn tujitnft jjrtupfc
tflrpuipLat. in. % J> tM *u f l[' >b jnuuutp np s/ZCwpiiU n putt/ pi \fb\n l.
pnt-uhrpbu £$y» [uoufin t *£u/btjfi ^bU % ufiuiirp "{Jf- [baniXx \yfi
uppJjrp typp* ututira^u tpMijhx
Translation 50.
Will you not buy an estate in Greece ? No, I shall
not buy an estate in Greece, I have bought a house
in Constantinople. If he is rich, why does he not
pay his debts? Let us not judge. Why did she not
answer the letter of the mother? Because (^«««A f/»)
she had no letter-paper [in] the house. Children, do
Digitized by
Google
Pronouns. 61
not play with my watch. Do not throw stones at (to)
the bird's nest. Let us not fear, but (let us) hope in
(to) God. Does the teacher praise the pupils? No, he
does not praise them (7"A»V) ; they are not studious.
Twenty-Eighth Lesson.
Pronouns.
The Armenian pronouns ( f h*/»«A«ci>) are divided
into five classes, viz.: 1. personal, 2. demonstrative >
3. possessive, 4. relative, 5. indefinite pronouns.
Declension of the personal (-A)X-J-.x) pronouns.
l 8fc person (a- 14 A).
Singular (btrtf). Plural (6-frMf)-
Nom/ t"» I. JLfy we.
Ace. ij>» me. •/*? or n^tJ) us -
Gen. /«/* or l»f^> of me. Jtp or Mrf** of us.
Dat. fa* or p>h-ft to me. ^i_ or Jl"ib to us.
Abl. ^w«£ or fik from me. »%»£ or Mlk from us.
Inst. fi^n,^ with me. .ib^n.^ with us.
2 d person (p.. '|4A).
Nom. i»*i, thou. t^"v? you.
Ace. 4*l>t_ or *i4»^i_ theo. <*£^ or t^^^_ you.
Gen. 4?»*. or^«^f>% of thee. <*fy or <*£/i^fc of you.
Dat. ^^^ or #t"ib to thee. **£_ or ^ib to you.
Abl. ^tryJk or «/f*fc£ from <**7«£ from you.
thee.
Inst. ^^i*P»*L with thee. lt* n JUq_ with you.
3 a person («|«. 'hfrA).
Nom. /&fy? ; a* or *»fy&{«» he, /&/»£fy? ; •ubt»% lt g they.
she, it.
Ace. 7^fy? j ^/* # or tftfl'fifyiu ibptfiq* j iu»iin%^ them.
him, &c.
') ^ before a pronoun beginning with a consonant is
pronounced ex.
Digitized by
Google
62 Lesson 28.
Gen. fa or /&/»**»; »&»e of h^d) «•***# of them.
him, &c.
Dat.^/»*fc; -%*p to him, &c. fo^a) —%*%g to them.
Abl. foJt', *«M* from him, h^if^] *»% n % a Jk from them.
&c.
Inst. h d '"L\ ufuu^ with fa y *'9 J " t L\ ,*%„%#,/;,£ with
him, &c. them.
Remarks.
1. The second person plural is employed (for both
sing, and plur., like j/ow), as in English. Ex.: F%i»yt»
4j|?# how are yon? ""/^ *•/* or l\p, I am or we are well.
2. The second person singular is usual among the
common people. It is also used by near relatives and
intimate friends. Ex.: ^»urf f i* fe »fvi?« ib« t papa, do
you (dost thou) love me? /fr^A «"£"»«r *«> "fokji,,, why
are you (art thou) sad, my dear?
3. The English it ("»*') , )> when referring neither
to a person nor to a thing, is omitted in Armenian,
as: it is true, a^y?«/»^m £; U is cold, #»«/•«» £» who is
it? «£ 4; # is I, you, they, b» *«/*, ^««^ ^* »-^»^ m*
Words.
^.ttj^hnif umbrella. ^««^l t° ca M-
< t f l u CU M%„ a parlour. fc«/£#ty L to resemble.
piupbu compliment. tf«,*/£-. L to know.
^'a'^'L watering-pot. n^'Pr^L to sup.
*£««{ strawberry. /"«"jA4t. to knock.
*»«*£ almond. }«^ handle. a-£Hi„ to beat.
Jlitp^tP intimate. ««.«f.t L to water.
,u%opi» hungry. «/?'} L to be cold.
bui pt »t- or -^ thirsty. «y«#£«»t. L to adore.
Exercise 51.
1* ^£_ u i( ,ut l' ifbou * Z^ni/tubna Wn tuhutjt u%btP bntnuhn
J£l ,n 2? ^""fivp* Qfiuncu failAi Liub^hrg Jluhi%L.IAiunit Ll. on^htrg
tiiMibnhpx \£bfi£t$u fipbfi yf* %Jtti%ftnt \?ftt? V nLt i^B b*uniLiut
u*ju [P** / *tf'[in% Xiru uiuid* auijliX \\n AuihAsusn qfcu t f|'*i >/ r *^*
') See also the footnote 2) lesson 13.
Digitized by
Google
Demonstrative Pronouns. 63
7&u/b*buip n£tra t Z,'VJP U &"/' j°PP ifattrpptT puiplrutuub £t
fl"*./* u% QJlihftL tru <\*bnuihnjpt \$*nhp ^ht.pui'bnols o% ♦ ftphlbg
iLtuulrpn Lp utrptnaut \\ J *i u 'J '"^"»^'7 *B nt l ' li^"*fy#"H au*ui
nt-pftp utniut fjrlruijt f\ J f>% uyu tn huffish I* ppt \ptrp * putplr^.
Ltuifnu^ftulrph hu . ^puiL-hpuitr blip atisbnbn np Jba ^irm
p'hfrfpftu uuju fipjtbnuht |Aw?t_ hnh-fraftp ftpbug pntjbtrpp t
•gtuuq/i fytutstquih- (niad) kflu* 'frrtt.np typ puinjulrh x ffil 4"* I?"
£j/*: T*"«g» ^, tyn/ffc, Wl'l^tT* lit/''* «^fy? ^(£* < >* w2 ^^^?
puihiui n.n un.pt f^tuplnJbfrpu Airn Ire Xtrp tihptrip qtiiL.tuu*.
%lrpnt!bx \%'°tr* 4" ^Z" ^vunu^th uthnt*hp t J^Jbnp wuhttt-Vb t? n J£-
£m*Jl—p i£« U X
Translation 52.
Who has the watering-pot? The gardener has
it; he is watering the flowers with it. Dear mamma
(<%rA'/)j give me some strawberries and almonds. Who
is the young lady? She is my sister-in-law; her name
is Amelia Vartooni. Do you know that tall man ? Yes,
he is the bookseller; we have bought these dictionaries
and grammars from him. How are you? I am very
well, thank you. Is it cold? No, it is not cold. Are
you cold, my child? No, I am not cold, dear papa.
Are these boys hungry ? If they are hungry, give (to)
them some bread. They are not hungry, but their
father is thirsty. Give (to) him a glass of cold water.
Please, give (to) us your axes (%*»&/'*'); we shall cut
some wood with them. There they are, but their
handles are broken. God, I love and adore Thee, Thou
art my Father and Lord.
Twenty-Ninth Lesson.
Demonstrative (jr^j-i-*) Pronouns.
These are:
"'/" t *"" t tutthhui t unfit M this! "Ut* ivut f tumjiltiu , «./»»?/ M
that; a; jii t i»» f »A'fifp»t J"*/** 1 ) that (referring to an object
more distant than «*/7-» """ or "" n H' u )'
1 ) This follows the 1st declension and is used only in the
sivfjular.
Digitized by
Google
6i Lesson 29.
The first may serve as an example of the way
in which they are declined.
Singular. Plural.
Nom., Ace. "y-t **»«»# uMujti^iu *uui,*iy> these.
this.
Gen., Dat. -—v of or to this. -u-%g of or to these.
Abl. w-fjk from this ,»»*%# Jk from these.
Inst. #««#»£ with this. ««#«###Vy*/?#£ with these.
Remarks.
1. The English owe, when following a demonstrative
pronoun, is not translated in Armenian, as:
U«/* trf-^bt if, -ju x Muy&f^wi^, This one was
happy, that owe unhappy.
2. h x c l ) that an d f u trt those coalesce with the
genitive of nouns, instead of the English possessive case f
when the governing noun is not expressed. Ex. :
Jacob's hat is new ; but his brother's (that of his
brother) is old.
'ikdbh *'
My rose is beautiful ; but that of Isabel is more
beautiful.
ZfOpu &bbpp ^utt hit . tiLn Aft tIsutCiun.utLi*tftjXX^mm t
Here are my father's horses; where are those of
the merchant?
Words,
f^tjPut^u/uus^ pocket-book. Q-ipbi lamp.
sty/ty knocker.
ufnt-ufrftf doll.
i^utut^ufT balcony.
fy//ty sausage.
tHtsithtu^ necklace.
fttuutputJut'ikutn. grocer.
uui.q_ dear.
ut^tuLtutfjity or tst^utLtuft^ there
tsttfut% cheap.
is, — are.
.«<I«tii.«^ here is, — are.
ifrtT t^ftmbp I do not know.
t^/ui T ^ L (with abl.) to like.
*) When the Genitive ends in a vowel, the t is dropped, as
{-{-t^t (not {-"{"jAPr), that of the tulip.
Digitized by
Google
Possessive Pronouns'. 6B
Exercise 53.
Q^/v Jbju/bp ubt. 4", «flr % t^iupJftpx H l /« / Atrnltntjutrpnlflrp*,
t/uify tru^ uiinnbp n.trn[tht [\<$utuu*ufilr hiT [tln(3 luiutifbuiLu . nup
k &lrp pujptrfftuJfi'hpt Qlr*T t^[tuilrpx *flpnftt Ju/bhutt/p Urn
i/opfiu£% utt-trjfi P niblfut if-frb £t \\unbf> ^p*f[*ut?fii ninutupttL^
%upu Atr, utunlig £f»u#tr/y£/&ta»Ay?£t \\ju fyuSLp-lrtflilrpni3i [n/un
tut.tr tp tuiujtrtun. £ J>t**u uiUnbgjiupy p*ujg uArnbp utubifa unt-n
ah DUth tuunhpt \fU ynltujfunuutntrJ* ^na.t.nth nlrnfrnLtiL-fl hubp
J*utb JuipJfibftupl \jtt ututnujJt fy f ivfirnp(f-fn/ % t utunuiju% ^JrtT
iu(unptf-frp t \\utpiutj_ nubffpt \\j"i niXfitT (some) * Jjpfynt. J>fp
lufimfi a.1tniT u&tftr (Of it): U ju ff1*l_ k* hfl/'i ^ l U«*"t 4*«
P « t piftuut uttf-uiu £t
Translation 54.
That knocker is bigger than this [one], The bal-
cony of your father's house is larger than my uncle's.
These are not their pencils, they are those of John.
Here is his umbrella and that of Mary. Have you
sold your [own] cows? No, Sir, I have not sold my
cows, but those of my aunt. Who has any cheese ?
The grocer has [some]. Will you buy [some]? Yes,
I will buy five pounds of it («Aft). If you have some
good wine, give me a bottle of it.
Thirtieth Lesson,
Possessive («i— •>-$•**) Pronouns.
These are formed from the possessive adjectives fis
or f»lp> t J*p or Jnrf%, etc., by appending -> r» e.» or* 1 ).
Declension of the possessive pronouns.
Singular. Plural.
Nom., Ac. [»fc or fiJpi*, fitlpM'lp* mine.
Gen., Dat. ^/»*// ,- » fnipi$hbpn±» of or to J
Abl. [u![fok"t fi,fyM*L ( ik- from ! mine.
Inst. f*Jpri»i[~, l»,rt,Vi t lrpni[~ with )
') For t and * see the lesson 2.
Elementary Armenian Grammar.
Digitized by
Google
66 Lesson 80.
In like manner are declined •/?»*-}r or •e MM -tf l% r
thine, *&pc or •&cf&t, ours, <* fyc or &bpf>%£ yours, ^/»c or
l»pt%^ his, hers, its, and h^at. theirs, the oblique cases
being always derived from the dissyllabic forms.
The Relative 0~r~ftf~J~*) Pronoun.
This is -p who, which, that, which is applied equally
to persons and things. It is thus declined.
Singular. Vlural.
Nom. "/»i #y"'V who, which.
Ac. q»pt >£??"$ i»p»Hg whom, which.
Gen. «/»m-fc, »/i«^ of whom, of which.
Dat. *»/!»«., ttpitiitj to „ to „
Abl. »fJt, . lptl % a Jk from whom, from which.
Inst. «/»"£» apn'bgJ:,^ with or by whom, etc.
Remarks.
1. The Relative y"/»» y»j»« or v # 7"'fy? whom, which or
Ma£ is sometimes understood iji English, but must
always be expressed in Armenian, as:
Here are the books you have ordered, ««^.« tM #«^
The letter you have written, W-/2*}/* ^p tv^ab^'
The gentleman I walked with, •y««/»«fy# M/> »t. <;*«##
y/v ufutu$l;h •
Note. The same is very often expressed by the
past participle of the active verhs. terminating in ->,
construed with the genitive of the noun or pronoun
designating the agent, and with another noun designat-
ing the object of a past action referred to, as :
\*f If Wit- II I. /Jm-} Ulllt-%» (utllt-%p % 111$ (I ItU *][UII*.lllljfi\ Jtfk- ^t I
The house (which) I built, is not large.
QVf —iirt»m^ utpffpb^ {§nfiltft%p % unp mAiiifttf) ^°/' '**/?'///*" ^»
The lady (whom) you saw, is my aunt.
2. Whoever (or whosoever is translated by -i -p»
and whichever (or ivhatever) by fi^. -r» &s:
Ht -r ^" 4e "^/»4i Whoever love me.
I»\^_ «»|» uipr^utft kt »up<f»ui*l» k ftfbutnfi, Whatever is
just deserves praise.
Digitized by
Google
Possessive Pronouns. 67
Observe also:
~\ x m T , ȣ ~ t , he, she who or that.
Ji % m t , jx^ - r , that which, what.
~r mX + -r» they, those who or that.
Examples.
flv *•£ f «•»• *••») piuntrhiuiP tip up a.tn'ul^ a.iu%A up up n.ut%t? t
He who finds a friend, finds a treasure.
What is true to-day, must also be true to-morrow.
fir" ^ **f (**»•••• f "f) ^tru ptoiifin tfytfutptnt$t.tt} jttftp tuptt-utiik
They who do not speak the truth, deserve no
confidence.
Note. The present participle is frequently employed
as a substitute for the above (R. 2.) forms. Ex. :
gjiu "fo~xn (or «£ -•» if»» fc »fok) } Whoever love me.
Wj" iutii[t»»mp jfi**^ rtttirtutiuptuiub mp (OX l&unintupiutulrtnp
np in j, i tuw^nntp i^^^)j A'V *ffi £• The architect who
built this palace, is an Armenian.
Words.
p ,„qu,i np-^tyJi kingdom. Juignip clean. —»»**-»* dirty*
pp(i»„p»n- arm-chair. pp*uify, n dull. ?n*.p- blunt*
^hhtn*H%f>L. bicycle. tf—pm—p skillful.
Ifntfiuff.op shoemaker. -^iiP-u chainfess.
ifm*. essay. ti pu$%ib L f, excellent.
»^A//' razor. fu»%<»t. damp.
uiuififtfc barber. ^^qapt m,ut p ut i'V* a# y*'A*- kind.
PThp good. *^rfik t° ex tol.
jjupn_ip,Lpin.% humanity. l?r lm i m to wither.
<tn,t U ,ui.k% ribbon. «»%/&Hl to curse.
<^iutifpMnti p i»l% pride. u pf"iT^L t° correct.
n.hu devil. '"^h^L t° shave.
^ nt _n- gate. *"*?l to grow.
n uqu* camel. h%pm^p%^ to kneel.
Exercise 55.
\\tf* pujfLpiiuLu Juipnt-n £, onuLptn. tu qui nut £t «£a£-y.T.
£ P iun_aiunnnvpiiubpx f\ry/yi utna_hpp up %lrpunnau hi'""*!
Digitized by
Google
68 Lesson BO.
tM.fti.giuitLutrpp. Jb%g tut t^p utrppnqtrho Jbpfltilttrppt %£"*-
fthttLtuplniLulrpn ^fiL.putbaijb ifb « nt-p tru ftpLVlilrnni O&iP
tf.fnntrnx \nT utjutLirpmbbpu tfinuttjfc otr, fcpbugjiltltbpp pflut^
tlfiut t i|£ 1 l*p kg (I beg your pardon), upup/tb , f,pbua(,uubp1t
ujj Jibp/iuubpntX £f i "/ r dutuigft Irbx [} % bp ^ft-tuut^uthn^fiu ptf fetf*
ubpp Xbp tilth bpl^it tuck [fa Atupututp but \$">p <^bb btiuhpcp
u/hpqflujj f? bt- om-ffltibf- tut.tr jfi uncq^t
^^ututuufib foitut^utpp np Lutpbg ibp ^oififyubppi Qnp<~
tjtuL. ftqbufilt litip uShfibbtj Qfiuiiiut \\tuptj.uitjiub bJ % p"P*p
ttpB^pp qnpu a_pu*b- £ Z+iyp W[f*2*"b* ^(""dt 1 " n i"^tr &f* J[f_
tj^babp uthubiut uitupb ubnutt-t Wfittrptup npni.lt Atunn up
upiiutq-pkj± ^(7/ £* *&>**/' Oiufuiub" iutuputfc-uji utbuutb trtPx
^Ltup^fih fiiul jupfyutb- ufutw^bpubpp put at if-b/jhyftfy but \}nju
uputhsb tft ututuittbpp uttutpnn fyputbuuiuji u.btttupnL.buui$uL.npp
Qutfapau fhf>uo (James Tissot) t* U>^//tt» «/»«£ "-"frpfria
tubbtba nfiu pat-P" kp l
Translation 56.
Your coat is old, mine is new. Are these thy
shoes? No, they are not mine. His house is small,
yours is very large. Is this your umbrella? Yes, but
it is not so fine as theirs. Why has your sister bought
a new penknife? She has broken hers.
Here are the red ribbons which Miss Arpinaz
has bought. Where is the letter you received from
your aunt? Here it is. The room in which I sleep
(fe •£*""*""«0, is very damp. Is this the exercise which
your teacher corrected? Yes, Sir. I have found the
keys with which the thief has opened (pu»ipu&) the
doors of the rooms. Where is the pen with which I
had written (y./#«*^ k/») my first letter? It is on the chest
of drawers. (The) history praises them who have
done (p»*uo- b%) good to humanity. He who is kind and
polite, will have (*y^««^ niubu,»j) many friends. What is
fine, is not always good. (The) pride is a flower that
grows in the devil's garden. (The) man is the only
(Jfrtotj) animal that laughs and weeps ({««./•*/). (The) death
is the black camel which kneels at every man's gate.
Digitized by
Google
69
Thirty- First Lesson.
Indefinite (~*t-l) Pronouns.
These are used witJwttt substantives, whereas the
Indefinite Adjectives (see lesson 21) are alwaj r s employed
with a noun substantive.
They are:
ui,lh%p/i all. nJu/rq» 9 Jt^ m p'»'^f' some.
f,L[t„q,u,%if, L [t np everybody, ^tuutbp^ many or — a man.
utJir% Jklff each one. Jk^ict —-rl'zj t V"- u other.
n u:p nobody. *«- »i_»lkt/p none. "*/»/£_ «^fc » «ul V somebody
p,»% ,/j, f fi,± something, any- else.
thing. nL rfi. F itA 4* f "ul_ fit. some-
n th % L notliing. t»i_ Jktfn none. thing else.
«^"V7- or J^upi^Uf Jkt/n one. ^y^c* tlfrL&nfl'p the same.
u*Jb% piui, t u$Jk% fi%t_ every- f'ck nt ^ u $U L both.
thing. Jtfk Qi—rtfyL-jt , nin.k 'lp> either.
S,^ ,%,%, A^ ,IJ,% At_ .tyi-up neither.
Remarks.
1. One another or each other is expressed in Armenian
by fr~r or 4rii/M» which is declined as follows:
Nom. wanting.
Ace. ^/"*/» or %fw*»c) JkbqJkl[ one another, each other.
Gen., D. /&/»«»/»»*- ; Jk^Jk^ of or to)
Abl. fir'T^ ! «ftf «*ffr from > one another, etc.
Inst. //»«*/./..£; ,fklffkt(~t with |
2. The interrogative {^m PS ^m%) pronouns are, for
persons "£ (pron. ©£) w/w? for things ^l te?AaJ? The
former, which is both singular and plural, is not
declined, but takes for its oblique cases those of «r
(see less. 30). J* 1 !, follows the 3 d declension (see less. 8).
Ifrt which ? is declined like the relative pronoun -f (see
less. 30).
3. They or people is expressed either by the 3 d pers.
plur. Indie, of the active verh or by the 3 d pers. sing,
of the passive voice (see less. 32), as:
i t s r „b'i, pt; or Vr»—-b phi the}' say or people
saj- that.
Digitized by
Google
70 Lesson 81.
4. The indefinite pronoun some, when referring
to a preceding substantive, may be translated in
different ways. "When it replaces a sing, noun, we may
say : 4>frt_ Jp # <>«•«» Jp_ * »k»» »% • k"' n P <% ; in the plural :
^^%p Jj» -;.««. Frequently, however, it is not ex-
pressed at all.
Examples.
"Will you have some beer? Yes, give me some.
Have you any more of these cigars?
Yes, I have some still (or a few more).
Ul«/' ; # +~it «t C— r -t. "«-V <r ( or simply »*AfiT).
5. The English pronoun one (plur. owes), after an
adjective is translated in Armenian by 4— »•, as:
I have three dresses, a silk one and two woollen ones.
\?pirf» aa.lruut ni\tjiif* f £*««f» «^ Jkutwuitb i^% tr: hrptjiii. <£«««»
PPt^l^fr .
However, it is not expressed at all when taken
in a partitive sense, as:
The tiger and its young ones, ^tpp **• h *-t*pp •
The little ones, <ytfity*'*r£*
Words.
*yu*f„% gentleman. *u$$nt.j, cloth.
f/*» price. Jpgufbuilt prize. h^p—p parcel.
uhu,nut( box. /A^lrp ,u p ,up,uhr fellow-crea-
{^/^tw^ portrait. ture.
fitu0quiqni.p-/$i3t peace. u^utu»nuutpj-$u% honourable.
tj.£ruufu/i,u*fuii(t<Z nL i"t con- «Y««/»tL #o dance.
ference. «y«#«»««<Jf L to happen.
jp*Jj» will. muspuut^^ to blame.
Exercise 57.
ft J tulip Ln futu/ituu t nt-nfrJbirnn Ln tuutnhu bri~ L* hrnu.au i
\\Jbu no Ifnt-uj; trp^u/bfttf pi£S"U Wtfyn ^tupnLuut fy#, J/il.u^
uinuutui, puflR B~ntrai~pu tut ustulrpOiuu[iL l^fiux <IJ . ^tu^fitutT
tuuatnnt-utpj-uiv ufhX Jnh £• uiJHbnn l^n ^j usfiy.au afihg^i ||£
iCtuU^Uiup "*)** iftunn.fiLnx f|'>_f t in L n PP t^iT AusuAttun , tuunuut§%
Digitized by
Google
Indefinite Pronouns. 71
u%L outhftb Jfiutjh (only) tip autUshuttTx frftblrplttrp^rtt nJiuba
^fiLtMtbn. oht ■jfji/uiphui utrinh Lutuhhn up uhphit \Qpi tu, p\ "*-
b f ou 4 htt f h ftpu$pnux ||« 7iuAtAiut$/ % u%fyp np otrntl^ ututrifi nt-tiirutt
£» fl'V k uyu ujutpnbpt finpfrfat-rf.iM*igfi tfpb £ i fl*<£ bu~ **{Jf
opjwpnlhhppt tF£^/» tflrp ilutpj-tuputhfi tnitop^rbf^t n.nLUuipu £»
its- tfftt-ublrnn Wt/bpfi£rftt.^[il/lrp uu , qnpu *lrtT IXuthAtutpt f\pukr
q*bbglip uttu ujutuiblrppi \% lr* ^p tf-fikp* f\p"%B "^' \f t -p nu ( u ot
uiJVhuiJhb outnutpbhrppt \&£n°J ? Ltu }j[!E (0p6118(J) "U'f- "(A*^
uinulrpt Wju puthuttfSbhpi-h u%Lnihii f\pn\.1u LlAtn.uthuiti.ppb £
utfht tf*utpfr£utaulrp£u u%t^ntXh 4"» Qtu^trlfuth Q-frfipbp niXftp t
Wijri , pnt-utrp^Vbtrp hi. uiuuthtrp^hutrp nt3t[iJ % t Qju i[iirp^ti
npnhp utfiutfr h tuful^px \\tiulrppt ^ji* utputulrpinuarpiAt pt.put^
tjtuliifiLpp Jpgutbuttt tip put^&rguti-i \\putrh Of l[ punt.p fl I?
[tiuinutnnt-fiHrutU n.lruuiui%ut[itnp^nt-pn.p utfiutli n.nt.Jutpnt.p
(will convene) ir«2/A" 17^» U'"^£/A ^L*
Translation 58.
Love all, trust (to) a few. Somebody knocks [at]
the door, who is [it]? Has the shoemaker sent your
shoes ? Yes, but there is only one pair, where are the
others? Christians ought («y«y»««^fc) to help (to) one
another. Beneath (fc *££*«. or »>»»?() the sun (Gen.) nothing
happens without the will of God. Who has broken
the looking-glass? The servant broke it this morning.
Whom do you blame? I blame one of (from) my
servants. Of (from) whom have you bought this
black cloth? To whom do you send this parcel? I
send it to the bookseller. Will you have anything?
No, thank j t ou, I will have nothing. Which is the
highest mountain of Asia ? It is Mount Everest. Who
knows this merchant? Nobody knows him. Everybody
has his [own] faults. With money (w u ' r ) one («%»t. ) can
do (fc^'V e?'^L) much good to one's (A/») fellow-creatures.
In this world (nt^u-pS) the one is rich, the other poor,
and nobody is contented with (from) his [own] fate
( F u,,ft). We have leather (t^ifk) gloves and silk ones.
Has the count many horses? Yes, he has several, but
he lost ( t(np„%g n t.g) a fine one yesterday.
Digitized by
Google
72
Thirty-Second Lesson.
Passive Verbs.
The Passive (fowfiuiQuSi.) voice ) for the verbs of
the 1 st and 2 d conjugations, is formed by changing
the terminations of the Infinitive Mood t^ and li into
"-ft. (pron. 4$l) as:
u h^L t° love; «A»— Jl t° be loved.
^«|[, to speak; ^©*^.».-J L t° be spoken.
That of the verbs of the 3 d conjugation is obtained
from the Pres. Participle (see less. 2G, II.) by chan-
ging its termination -«l into ""lij as: }«#/»^-. L to read;
Pres. Part, f m^o^*^ ; %—n ug m * m tL to be read. j»"- uut a m ^\i.
to be hoped.
Note. "When the termination —^ is preceded by
two consonants (having no euphonic t , see less. 9, b.),
a euphonic c is inserted in the pronunciation, as:
^rt—tL (pron. 'km*±fii_) to be sung; ft*-}— f^ (pron.
ftiyc/'ifa) to be forgotten.
All the passive verbs ending in --£l follow the
second conjugation (see less. 25).
The preposition by, with the passive voice, is
rendered in Armenian by the ablative case, as:
WpJkl fe f-„i£,«-^ fo tiutp^iu^ut^i , Armen is praised
by his master.
frifl'C ^Wfyi»*. pn.iHt%yi t The nest was built by
the bird.
Words.
u^mpm^uAi^lsu ball.
%0$$.unf.ui^$s0%0j.ti* concert.
+~~\u,$us*» ipickpurse.
%u*ftsfy$sstnauit pOSt-Office.
o^hnupfct-'u help.
^fm^iupinuil^ firman.
uMQgnAfig court.
J-utftt^nphr watchmaker.
fuuj^ijls L to bite.
Jk&u*pk L to esteem.
t „% tU[ .^b L to despise.
Ihrppu,^^^ to arrest.
fcphruAk^ to destroy.
^u»uiutu^iupuilff_ to condemn.
\,u]uy L to hang.
^«tfHi. r j^ to publish.
Digitized by
Google
Passive Verbs. 73
fyumquibr mad. »lkpp wound. tff t p,ut.npb^ to wound.
Z?V!P"fP~ flatterer. %utfuutmb£_ to offend.
**rh •p—L valiant, brave, r?"t$ •«{#«#«. u»fe on the con-
fu, /n &ftiu^iMj% imperial. trary.
pbpbuu perhaps.
Exercise 50.
\}U bp ufpnuftP hunnpubpl;ux Wju utniuu Luimiwuth- pn^h
Jp [uu»b%nubtjuiL. t Qjupniun uufu/Uhni.&ifit. (? (must be killed) r
"^nnrtpnpfa^bbpp ♦Air ju$pn.nt.[ip* phn.^tubtun.iubp % b'ufbiup*
fnt.pt utJbu »Ttupn.k (by everybody) t «t|. vMi_ (Riggs) fa
uhhutpntp tut/ku tftupn.£ x ^utptu^tuun t^up ^puiefipm.utb' rp t
fl'^j ti(utprtu % l tut jg flbpbt-U %nt-tua.tu^uAti^up tufiuifi ^put*
t-fpnuftT ujjv fipfifynt.ux }\p[i qfiunt-npubpp tufttnfr tftup&uiui^
pnuftu ftftua.ust.npfcux f\ubft tftutltugnigu be tubnp pnfJtuh Q- nn *-
gnubgu/b (were Stolen) ^uusiut^tuuik Jp % np ^fe fepgc
3ibpputlftutnt.bgiut.x f\pifl; a. pnt.bg tut- ujju u ftp nub nutututuunppi
fanifdtuu \Pncp^u upnutuh- pn*»ini- t?x Qju utui/iububpp hut*.
Jtufyusutnt.% fitplfni-bint- but \vbnlf (pOOr) wnffifyp tuftwfi utaut*.
tnnt-Lpi a fit? on.unt.fiJ but u ^utt/utp utntunuilfuib pH***p (if SlM?
had Cried) « }\j uop tufttnft tgu*pn_utgnt-fi Ifiujubptut^utb ^pntfutp^
ututbpx
Translation CO.
This English (utufifimfmu) history was written
by a famous author. The French language is spoken
at all the courts of Europe. Carthage (ifnpffbf&nu) was
destined by the Romans. The robber was condemned
to be hanged. Some new grammars will be published
by Mr. Groos. In the last battle 60 soldiers have been
killed, and 200 wounded. The wounds of the soldiers
were washed by the physicians. If you are virtuous,
you will be loved and esteemed by everybody. Who
will repair («n r nn-b L ) the old clock? It will be repaired
by the watchmaker. Milton's Paradise Lost was
translated into Armenian by Father Arsen Pacra-
dooni.
Digitized by
Google
74
Thirty-Third Lesson.
Impersonal (-^r^ or 4~t4 / ) Verbs.
These are regularly conjugated so far as the third
person singular is concerned.
Such are:
tfu/ulpk^k it rains. /=«•«- £, 4c /■*"-£ it suffices.
\ e lfi*.%k it snows. p»*h he. P--b it seems.
{Myrf**.** fc ^A^,^ it hails, fe ^i-r«.«#^ it happens.
te 4"UL""—"tt it lightens. fVf MiKrtr » fa--.fi they say, it
tfapuutuy it thunders. is said.
{/t umm.fi it freezes. *ifU^L or — *"■*. ^ it i s con ~
uu*n.£ (ice) fo ^/A it thaws. venient.
fr jp%k it gets dark, etc. li-r^it * it i s possible.
<«»/»# * it is necessary.
iy£«~^ h one must ; one wants
or needs.
\\»y there is is used only in the Present and Im-
perfect tenses of the Indicative Mood. Unlike other
impersonal verbs, it has a plural form, as follows.
Present Sing. f«v tliere is ; Plur. $«a there are.
Imperf. „ 4«v there vssls; „ \-ufik there were.
Words.
tfu*$rp»p^,,i-p fiu% journey. *uu$mfiJ- fa&£_ to suffer.
tubwtl castle. j-tvikL. to succeed.
jus% g ,ui.„p guilty. 4u*M.us£i0f,ir L to govern.
ypk »i_ else. t-trfiL to cease.
juijCistfi, often. *%»*[_ to remain.
Exercise 61.
l|£ ifiiXk* fl£_i £$ kfitXtrp* IftultXplrt-kt Wju tfilJ^P
nnnuiuiiji tukgfijMX Q,kl* npnututp 9 Ln tfiutjituututL^p i \fpuuu f*k
hrppbifL mlrrjhp (in some places) fyu»pfyni.u9 mknusijlrp £* ti£
bwpbhiP fih uifiuifi utun.fi t \ofiuui anuput £. fid nt.fi fia-l; tufitnfi
uutn.fi t a ^t u l£ >k ¥/'^/_ wunpi Mp pnt.fi fa-k J>l*afi n.ptuu
ufkutp £■/') hrfik n £_ tufiutfi ^but/utfip uwubn.i Qiulfiu/u fe
ujututut^fi np uiuJbnhtrpn upuuifid- l^p £pou % juiugu$i.npuirpnL.u
Digitized by
Google
Irregular Verbs. 75
m 'L. (*0r) * ^IL U'"i"l[^P ^ly^/'i^ tfranub uni/p&snL. Jkf
(in learning)* \Xj"t kp_ j^f^ib^y ^"US ^^^"^^^ ^«-
^iut/fiirftnLpfiult iyk*np t (needs) /»</«» ufututguiff, (properly)
u n tip bint, nujjhx 1|<ty }\uutnutub tfn % nn ftiftuumni-PlrutJu. (wisely)
up uuiiitut/iunt? tuJbunx
Translation 02.
It froze this morning, and now it thaws. It ceases
to thunder and it begins ({/» »i»fi) to rain. It is too
cold to-day; it is better to remain at home (m^tyt).
There were 8 pupils in that class. Is there any ink
in my inkstand? No, there is no ink in it. It is said
that the American soldiers have won the battle. There
are many streets in Marsovan which are very narrow
(ybl) and dirty. One (iHup^nLu) needs (»Yt«*^ £) much
money to make (jAb^J) this journey. I do not think
that there can be (#/'*'"# pju»l) & more beautiful old
castle in the world than that of Heidelberg.
Thirty-Fourth Lesson.
Irregular (-.!{-.*•*) Verbs.
Those verbs are commonly called irregular which
deviate from the three regular conjugations. These are
not numerous, and their anomalies are chiefly con-
fined to the Perfect Indicative (see page 21, foot-
note 1), the Imperative and the Present and Past
Participles.
This deviation is of two kinds.
1. Verbs which preserve their radical syllable
throughout unchanged, but drop the letter * or t. of
the Infinitive and take flexions that do not accord
with the ending of their Infinitive. For instance the
verb «y«»j.Hl to kiss, ending in H^ ought to take the
flexions of the first conjugation ("Ar*/J- But this is
not the case. Such verbs constitute the first class.
2. A certain number of verbs change their root
and are conjugated with other flexions than those
corresponding with the ending of their Infinitive. For
Digitized by
Google
76 Lesson 1>4.
instance the verb ^Hj, to put, ought, according to its
Infinitive termination V^t to take the flexions of "fo^.
But this is not the case, as: Pies, fe» ^i^r I put;
Perf. tpfri rrfo* te""-) Imper. qfp t etc. Verbs of this
kind we assign to the second class.
A list of all the Irregular Verbs
according
to the two Classes of irregularity.
First Class. ... Ti
1'res. P.
Infinitive. Perfect Indicative. Imp. Past P.
nilQ. fWlllljA| fWHW) aM»M«ff) 4-<"£t>t «^ f*V.^! » *|»*»««A"»
In the same manner : J**l>i m to enter, */ l I-l to rise, H}Vl
to descend, $**Hl to ride, «»£«H L to see (Imper. ««£«).
li*-M*L tO H»At -"t-fipt $un.u»u % U«-» +' uiuXkp^ U *-*»«£_»
take. iM«./»t{|»f u*n.fig t utn.fi1i t tuu-(~j»i ^l' —m%kzfti Wit-tub.
Thus also: ^^|. L to bite, ^"V-I-l to kiss, ftpHi. to spit.
(Imper. /*««-.£» Jf p^Xbp).
IT^^Hl tO |fA«t.«^ , «lfr«.M#/i t Wfr«.a#t- , \pha-fc, Jf Jkn-- JpknXm^
die, tikn.u*%£ , ittrn.>ug , Jkia.uA* , l#/r^i , jpfr «.<*«& .
iikm.fy> | «(f» JbaXf\g t
Thus : ^«*«tJ L to arrive, to reach, ^u#^#^J L to flee,
^•YtfL touch, P"-\tt to fly, VWl to be pulled down,
V^Ml to cleave to, J*vtfL to adhere, *«^Vl to pass,
jt»«.«if L to sprout, to grow, ^*«^Vl to put on, ^>'~Vl
to bear (a childj, «4'^L to begin (Imper. «^)» *W*Jl
to get rid of, to slink, VW*Jl to snap, to break, *""*»Jl
to sit down.
forget, -/i*.^«/i_, twp, |p MM .^ui^.
Thus: /»« r (ru#x-. L to be angry, tfM#^t- t to know
(to be acquainted with), tf m ^ m L to know (to recog-
nize), f*t~ L to stay, <>«*«{!-. L to understand, «««£>-. L to
be ashamed, fa-mmUm^ to promise, fc»i*x to be able,
umu,\~ L to get, to receive.
Digitized by
Google
Irregular Verbs. 77
Note. By adding *-(., ~*-x or V*"-l to almost any-
adjective and also to a certain number of nouns a
verb may be formed, signifying to acquire the quality
expressed by the adjective or noun. Ex. : -»up warm,
. n „ipi~ L to be warm ; p»»i^p high, ptup&pJi~^ to be ele-
vated; ?-"^ thief, ^ w t}- l ^ steal; faf* fear, ^"^-l
to fear, to be afraid ; »/&/»<* or «/£«» near, t/&/r<tp.~ L or
,/oi«u* L to come or to go near. All the verbs of this
kind are conjugated after /-^i- L .
Exercise 03.
|» tr£_ q.tniupz \ f u f-f*jff> *fp tf.utu*jt dlujpu uta Jfyfitutn ilp
ifuiiut.t QftunLU putuL. (said) ^frt-uturf.fiu. tf tyA/»» uin. liut^ftlfn.
(bed) Ac J>wiJ? (walk) „ * ^nnbpp Jbp uinubp tltnuah ire f-"7«-
tjuih J>(in£u tfn^iitftfrqjtVbbjtn (jewelry) Ac ifiut/itush » ^"US
nuuifttfuA/Utrpp (pollCe-mail j <$wuutb A*, bin (back) uinft% qui*.
Iinbpt \jp[ttn$uuuipn_p ^*f*/p/t (wildj ^/» t/ff ^irtrtuut \\nLputtn
puutb k* „ tfH&t/ff'P 1J>t"l_ U * lj/'/« Wqkfi" 1 ^^' tffimtjuta- fit
ututuVbiufr t?p ftp puiphLtutfp* \\n(ip9-nup X piuut ifeuitunuH. (grieV-
0d)» U}""5? i°2f'i u ^Jiut'ftit-t \\jn % u/fuiuj Ac jfthhtjfr uii %
utn^p Ac ^ivtfdp i^o bt \\ ruffr (how long) tyhijutg (in) fw^
tnutpft btrgtultt £ttt.l*p JowtrnuiL. ftltXft Ac fit tub utu a/tut \pft
ifiin%u/p qfiui ^M/M^tc/ tr [&£_ np (what) pufi (I said)* Ui/"»
^utuhatub 1 P'yS tt "Q/f u, ^ i tuiuuiiuufittitttbtni.t *\*bq&tu%hLp nup
Pntuut Q&tT rj-ftuifrpy p ***/£} &/»& A/i tr^tr A^m (swallow) ^«-««Jr
(ifljHitjph * * ♦ away) utuip Irpfyfip'ulrpt ^uibsjjujp tuju tuuspnbpi
QZfii/ltifj <vj nutlipuiu s Qtiu% u in in a tun u> f" *buitf?nLp t «IJ ♦ Qni.tftnu
||/r »*/£?/ uintiigmj ttitipti {^niin^t/t ">'"/»/"/» uttuup uiuiph Lmu ^p
bpp Jhit-tuut \ptujpu puinlpufi ntift (ami-chair) «^f» Jpuy'huwuu. t
^uutfip fbumllg (git dOWll) * lf/» ' Pgbbp uiuifinnuMfuitfiubfiu (floor) :
t/puy. Pgtutfiulspu (spitOOll) «^t^ Pnt^pt £,puA»n/£_ tutua_tuL.
ftp ufnutupfiLfib tujuibpp t \J*frp ifinnngftlb t/kf Ji'^f 1 *0*_ ^fo
in nub hp iftjtub &p/fptupis*pc/ 4-tr (earthquake)* }^hgtu% opLpu
IrpOtuuLnt.p truth :
Digitized by
Google
78
3
J;
Is %
3
CC X- ^/
*1 t k i>
5
is
s
J
1
CO
••a •?
3'
t %
9 c
r <« «*
Ok cJ
o3
^
o
S
a
o
o
o
it e
CD
^
Digitized by
Google
Irregular Verbs. Second Class. 79
1 1 t i t i s p 1
« «t #■ rf- Z b 4
. .. * F
ob £ £ rf- 'i? b 4
t- ?
5*
* $ TV* I * 1Kb 1 14 I
«, Sill- i rf- lS.*L fe»t 4 tt
1
IS
5
9j
>
c*
^
^
c
+3 •
c
jj
yfi
3
8
<30
cL
e
+j
£ £ i? b 4
Digitized by
Google
80 Lesson 85.
Remark.
The Passive of ^*b L is w«"-Al» of »—»£_* «/i«t//_,
of vuAfi L % «»/i«*.^. ^'^/_ has no proper passive, but
cwl is employed instead in the sense of to be done.
Exercise 64.
\fU bppnp ftpftLni.% bnua. , ftp tu^utl^bputbbpp (disciple)
hpL% bbuib ne nuh*h y \\u tuLuiutttiui uibn tfph £, be J~iutlui~.
Itusfe fn.^ (late) utgiub b* tupXtu^ (send away) <//»'£»^r»i/»y-
Ibpp (multitude) i np fT^'lA/'/^ bpfliulb nt. fipbty l^bptul^nep
(Victuals) if-Mitt fo*. ftftuneu puu$e % ^wpfy itr np luwnlsg
bpuf-u/h , n.nua uine^o usvnnug np nt-utbht \^hnhp tut puph tuunp ,
<£nu Jftuijh ^fiif. %tfu»%tufy (loaf) be bpl^ne int-fy ni%[tbgi f|c
uibfilftu putuL.) ^nu frbbft pbpkj» qiuUnbut \^e ^punTuijUg np
tinnnt£nepnXbpti1iutnpbfitntnfib tfctuj. be tuiLute ^fibi^ 'b^iuhutl^h
ne bpfyne *W^#, At. '/-£*?. /f ^i'ty/tyd 1iuylriii»l_ (looking Up
to . . .) op^itrij) be 4tnptt£n£ (breaking), 'it^uM%u»^bbpp^ u»^u$^
LbputbbpnuU umeuti. % be uspuiLbpinbbpp (fnnnJnepit-^i'ht \^e
u.Jk1s£p (all) firpuib nt. fewusjusl, (were filled)* Matt. XIV.
15 20* b c 4> a *l'l' n P (as) ui'Unhg fy'nt-inkfili, Qf$unt-U <^usg
lunuiL opybbu ne uutpbg t be wnetue tip utputbbp»M»bbpnuU ne
L »mu t n* Hg % tlplijn u,u k H % «%•«#*«« Matt. XXVI. 26:
\^e Qfiuneu iLiup&tut. litis ifbg tie pu»ue % flV/ \}pueuui>tbJfi
ij.m-uuip%tfp % fij* tfptuu (for me) Jfi /_"^?» £u/«y«# (but) i^sk^t
ibp u/bltipaeb ne Xbp t^u/eut^hbpnt.% ifouyt |ifcwit_ np (for)
us^iu (behold) opbp l^ne ifuSb* npnhg u%f_ ttjftutfr pui% % \fpa/b[i
(blessed are) ujJhi^ (barren) %bpau% % be tu/b npmfcu/ls-
(WOlllb) %bpni?b np ^b%iMth % be b[ibbpne% (pap) np t("»fl-
^uinefib (tO give SUCk)« \\j% uiinh'b^ (then) ^Jtmft ufyufi*
p**i*[_ [bn*bbpni*b y Xfbp tjpuij fib££o , nc p£nt.p1bbpneh , biub-
fofy ^. L . Luke XXIII. 28—30.
fjhn+neup Juihii-iulitfh tbutpiute % utn.u$e be U-unvbgxue
(perch) full &npit% unfit Hk/tunfi'b i/ptvj t ^"US ^^"UP" n i' t l^ t P° t
(expert) 'b^uuhuin.ni- (shot) t#y»l» by utupfyute out/hi f+weftfi}
Digitized by
Google
Adverbs.
81
qwrfutt. ^ulftM/k (giant) t z^kf- (poor) Jtypn [f^s""- bv "br^lb
nptfunfb ifpuy (for)« „ fantfttLgfilbg q™jb bt' '£-»*£$» ^trih
tunutbiftb" i Wju itjbtufe (plate) u/rifut%fih ifptuj if*?*
Thirty- Sixth Lesson.
Adverbs (^fa-^*/-).
i. Primitive (p--*) Adverbs.
a) Adverbs of place (ft«L~J" x •Hp-^tr)'
»l_Jkl( mhiu»in*-pkg nowhere.
nptfcfoh tnbq^ Jp somewhere.
iffiitfbu ttLp f ttp£ut£ titbit flOW
far?
the • close by.
#—[c< aside by.
,«%^>, , ,%fiiM, i _i»i! J et yonder.
,/«*«.•»£ on, along.
t^"l b j * u "-'»!_ onward.
Jotn t — /». near.
luut^ytt tuhif.^% to and fro.
<;«« $*% here and there.
nV where? wither?
nt-utyfyt nt-ftf(k whence?
<J"« here, hither.
<J»fc there, thither.
,un hbd9 i—'^k hence.
'"t'hbd* '»i'tk thence.
iuJh*ti utbn t $ujb*l$ n*.pbja OVe-
rywhere.
nt -pbz_ ,n &i_t "UL. nL i'kp else-
where.
y- back. *•» tr m backward.
£«/yi below, beneath.
far down, tk'i b far down- Jkfp. » %bp«p within, inside,
ward. 7-«t/»«» if.tn.pvft without, out-
t[trf up, tk"i b t£r upward. side.
i^,u„/,% t Jkif utb^ together. {bpp above, up stairs.
utitt.% home, mttt&p at home, fare below, down stairs.
<££«_„*_, -fc far. fay* fav&' over.
Lu*b*.£ behind. t»frt^ from %bp^bt.p t mmfe underneath,
behind. tb^diL opposite, face to
tU n.fht.p % „» n .$hrt-k*'t before. face.
IttLpf^tf p"f^»pft around.
ft) Adverbs of time (/.-/-A-H- 1 /-jp-yUf).
tfpp when? }«A/»«./# early.
n a pit u, b '—-kit how long? »"-2_ late.
^JttTm , now, at present. **£ tf—P $•**««.£» soon or late.
b r kQ yesterday. buip&r afterwards.
Elementary Armenian Grammar. 6
Digitized by
Google
82
Lesson BG.
kpktt ik ""*•# o Pa the day
before yesterday.
—juop to-day.
{wye to-morrow.
»lusq_ u»m.—Loui to-morrow
morning.
usdk% op daily.
t Ji, a bu* L op the other day.
j*»f*Tl- opp next day.
$bu,hL.tru, L op£ the follow-
ing day.
•/• «£ one day.
•[Lpgt—lk" at last, at length.
usp^fr already.
Jfi%l*i. till.
ju0&»/u often, frequently.
4, fa us% i .us,r seldom.
q.t,u yet ; ^*«- ^. . . not yet.
«#£«» always.
fUMpib$ui again.
%»fu m»yfi meanwhile.
i^vifr" lately.
oppy^Jk^ every other day.
fafafl* instantly.
«A<jj&£«/<y£« immediately, at
once.
JLpp t kppLSh sometimes.
^irutitfhu.k by and by.
„.jun L $b—ku hereafter,
henceforth.
jtiA^uphr suddenly.
««**.«#£ before.
t""4W after.
pisusu, t»j_ Lpphji never.
l/^u opf>% at noon.
'V thz^p to-night.
^bpun t Uiitnhusi antupp
year.
2u»u, n %g long ago, long since
,^i Ut .f,% still.
last
anuautULK
upu$stujui$ gamekeeper.
uptftupu/h coffee-house.
tf—ifpuy i>i£l_ to set out.
b»W»% station.
■ua%Bx.u»$P time.
u,u,h%o t g formerly.
$j$%$nn.irL to seek, to look for.
Words.
~L b"v/c. Tight.
auuiuija^ 01* auuiiyua tip £^£/ to
take a walk.
uujuau&L to expect.
tu,,% IU p^b L to conjugate.
^foJwJp on purpose.
'tfi u i $ "- u, ^" i L by accident.
Exercise 65.
ftnuuiujut^M trpp ujftutft tfuyi iljutjjtt Q,lrp ^"Jl'P r *«-/' fa 1
plitajbfit Z^nu i/ouifl bp p% tub fax ll«"/£ ^banu bp ataapf^ox fl'>«
£&i/ % bp%tup. puyS '/""lU. tj* **C K u °t'l* ^ 'phftplrJ* Jibp ^bua:
\f pp intiLb bbiupx \ju utptiLt^b utnt-b'b 4"/» • ^ U JJI' U (fk** tl'lPl't^
uint-b bbmux \\n*funt- < }[i t U Jbtttux, \butbcbuti °/'/** \f u *u%gbu*a
op inbuuy qutbftLutx ^JiJua J?/»> ufbu-iuiT bp upbiT % uiiliuO
sualXutpi bp Q-pkl'* ll ""111 fta.iui.otn taint-up utp$nb /'//"Sp* fl>l
bptfy {]• ujnfp °('l' wnulilt f?fi % ba. JJi'lssbu ju*n-u*£(il(uy (next)
Digitized by
Google
Adverbs. 83
nt-piiutfij- uwi%p $uftutjt >/»/£J*'*^ %, Qtuatufii Lp [unuutp^^ro uAi*.
tfUibnb puitupnt \^iliuO UJU&tft ^jutauifu Ifp [t$nhtun^t?fi nu/unbpi
^puttftutfti Lnutptrahp **f/u ustuutnt-^utup t fl'> s ft.Liurtt.ut a- nd
(it DV • . •)• **7 U utn.uti.ou9 anp-typu &L. tru Lp fuutntujpttp
uputuph ) be htP nbuttuuu unuipba ant jut 'tjtitpt ptnp^fc tru
tuufu* fuou£ t ^bpnt. utilttLp tfp pbutt[l?ftlip% \vnqjt ij.nt.pu bttut.y
hpD. *hbpu Jinutg. t Qbunt-U utt.ua nut If^tU puutt- , H c / t/0 /» piT >»«</
rtputfiiutfiu u%C iuftutft pntuut \\buAtpp butnfiL tfptt £ f nt * LuitT
Lu/unt-ftt tubtnb ftJutnuttfyt }\tunu^bu»bt. tipput ttt nt.pl utQtuu
tuputft ptju»J*t \\bpfbpu utbuutp Jkp putpbLutdjtt }\jn y utttg*
butt op \\tuJunb utbuutt Qplipp. Lp jnLuuttT fik J?f t > 'i^PfCL
(Very SOOIl) n.utp&butt iuftutft uibubbd* nuihftl^tux f| i-pOkr blftut.
ujjo, uuttftuLpt Z^tuimlrltulrplil/h buuiut gjrpt/u (feV6r) opphiL^
*^£_ k nv - t^V 1
Translation 66.
Where is my stick ? You will find it there in the
corner («Af/&«.fc). I beg your pardon, it is not there ;
it must be elsewhere. Did you seek it? Yes, I / have
sought it everywhere, but J could find it nowhere.
This house is very pretty outside, but inside it is
not so pretty. Is your father up stairs? No, sir, he
is down stairs. Must I go to the right or (flk) to the
left? Go to the right; that road is shorter. We often
take a walk. My cousin has (is) at length departed.
Formerly my neighbour was rich, now he is poor.
This is the first time that I am (fo» f..«w^«T) [in]
Paris. Where is my niece? She is not here; she is
elsewhere. How far did you go yesterday? I went as
far as (Jph^ki.) the station. Carry all that (»yt p»utv)
up stairs. That village is not so far; do you see it
yonder? Where is my Armenian Grammar? I have
left it somewhere. Is Edward here ? No, he is below.
I hope that you will dine with us to-morrow. We ex-
pected him the day before yesterday. When will you
set out? To-morrow or the day after to-morrow. He
is more frequently at the coffee-house than at home.
We will always be satisfied with our fate. Shall you
soon come back ? Yes, immediately. I am seldom alone.
G*
Digitized by
Google
84
Thirty-Seventh Lesson.
c) Adverbs of quantity (+
r - r -|«A).
«#*«/% only, but. «y4" as.
uiiyut pk n^ otherwise.
fop about, tp^pk almost,
nearly.
tk"£t il , " m i m tf"fi by half.
^fil_ little. 4>ti. «£ a little.
jufcuu* very. i^»» much.
,f ri?"t $ bow much?
.pusi.fr how many?
for pk as if, as it were.
%j*fca t uik» also, likewise.
tmjutuk" | itLpkuu thuS.
pmnpuiflSb quite.
>«l^ J w %m.>—l. more (or)
less.
d) Adverbs of affirmation
{«*.» M | M .x) y and negation (£-•>—
"(/" yes. /&/»«?/? really.
itSb^nufui i {i^i|<0l of course.
tupif.iupba. t fouitylss in fact.
jf,(,tM*t.fi , frog indeed.
i i u tt n U t. % ufo,,^ willingly.
uutttjn. , u»tutu^ntiiutul;u SUrely.
tk^Juspjiuii frcig truly.
t u*htn*uf,*u^jn undoubtedly^
ptph*.- perhaps.
tfj-M-usMUit. hardly. ^ u *^fi*
scarcely.
^iuLw'ijiulfui%u*fiiU($ probably
usp tt kop I wonder.
e) Adverbs *) of order (f
•r ^"^ thereupon.
jkmy 9 u&tlk Jkrfu afterwards.
~x..j~j~i) <# comparison (f-i-
P$uutu^u$is enough.
£f««fv p.u»^iui^iubjt sufficiently.
uyutufctt, "(fl'l""{' SO.
tf.»%k t tun. %nt.uMtjh at least.
tun. tun.tut.kA &t mOSt.
Jkb-tutui;u greatly.
y.jjutuu„[,u*piup chiefly.
tHun'uutLiiputtu^u especially.
tyuuuiffiu, tutTmuiifuttuku tllO-
roughly.
jtuuutLtuua. above all.
jiut-^ut i t/tuuiuLutuiL rather.
tujugiuu so many.
«y»t?"b so much.
uuinu^fn. certainly.
£ Mtf » tr i .£r*., u pf,% seemingly.
"*. no, *_ . . . not.
tutlkithuft'it # ^ . . . not at all,
by no means.
»t_ fi«t not even.
„i_ Jjttujb not only.
«^ *«.«#, m*£_ £. . . no more.
ulhpph^ never. /A#««. nowise.
f ant Pt fi"-p utbt^g. in vain.
"t. "*l nor.
tutituJinj unwillingly.
^tia.^tu^utn.tufijt on the con-
trary.
— f-x).
fttfn/uuttf by turns, alter-
nately.
*) For the numeral adverbs see less. 20, R 3.
Digitized by
Google
Adverbs. 86
mnl^k i"»— besides. j—gnp^upiup successively.
, v % ,u„ir%, jhmy then. *"»/» at first, in the first
uSb^wS jj.% ,„ L once again, place.
once more. jkgtfm'^k" at last.
Words.
otnmp$utftu% stranger.
iu^.iupiuf^ farm. fuilfitinulftuu laconic.
^b*,), on foot. v » t ,in*%u. i _ to be surprised.
mj-u»ii cheap. 0upJ-L£_ to cost.
nuuifc^jj study. i^a^^u ""-"T m ^L to finish.
>H»ng mind. 4£c9 %br L to lift.
Exercise 67.
^uiptfkti Ifp juinuiftpiuuy (ig improving)* tfiuuhuiun^
puiiu^ru tuti bifi bp ktifr *lb$ * Si"'*' 'IP?' fit; Jkixutb h( tX 1» h*tu£u
bp nutu^jy uiju ububut \%>{iuin utqkb bp a.utbbJ % tttujtix || /»>«"/»
tf»iiptH;x ^J>2C ^/'^"f- f u ^"lftuh\ '|»m^ ftutfttuauihg (tOO) ./?/'£_
If nuut l?p t \jv puit-tubuih bbpuih" btPx ||'/' h Z+ u *jtf UJ *V* , ^ ux
fa>bpbt.u ufuintn[?tfb £i \% 1 nt -P ihh utn.bg ft autihx \\jf- tftupn.p
bppbp utbutuh" linTx ^tut-tuuiubtutnupuip outtupuibuiti Jph £»
\pbp uitLtuptubp Btunutotib ^bn.nt. ♦ £■ , uWlip juiauiftt ^ but ft
k ' kfifl-uthp ^ntix \\n. tua.tui.oih >"/»" ufttiui nubjtu Xbp pfuiptf.*.
t/iuunt-fr) buAip u%Ot *fcbtf ou/uft L tub a. nub tuunt.fi uf^-urp £t
\\n. Iint-uiah i/ba bufba.nuh t Q\ . jiiupn.uib fnbuut ttubahmbtuh
tfiupa. Jph £. u*l a buitf % a* Ln luuiinuiufiiuiti^r upyuxx \ff»pbn
ik*/* tjuiftdtubtup ibp tujuuf(ru pubint-u (at your saying so) i
f|iyt fyu**Q* (will) ^**J/t $"h TGtuJptuj Iff]*
Translation 68.
That little girl is beautiful indeed. He will by
no means succeed. In Marsovan grapes and red wine
are cheap. Formerly there were many princes in Itaty ;
now there is only a king there. George is at the
most 20 years old and has (is) already finished his
studies. We went there by turns. Will you come to-
morrow evening? I would rather come the day after
to-morrow. Miss Alice would undoubtedly have written
Digitized by
Google
86 Lesson 38.
more politely ^rnqm^m^g k k r u l" i L)) if you had given
her time enough. I shall certainly punish that lazy
boy; perhaps he will then learn better. When the
body is sick, the mind is so likewise. Lift up your
eyes and admire ($b ,u u£p) (on) the beautiful sky.
Thirty-Eighth Lesson.
2. Derivative (-t-*.&- L ) Adverbs.
a) Adjectives are used as qualifying (»pw J«#J«#^) ad-
verbs without changing their form, as:
•t^Ofabk beautifully, »&j»j» hopelessly, i*?- much,
4?bi- little, etc.
b) Nouns in the Instrumental case, as:
UL(iuijuni.£if-trMUi/p gladly, ^•/tt»uu$in.p-hut$ia. wisely, untnnJ
heartily, »bp"i. willingly, fbt AJ b intentionally, etc.
c) Nouns repeated, as:
fa,. L Jjt fsnM.jj, in crowds, k—PbL k M PbL * n drops,
*«£ t —bq_ in some places, 4!*— imp 4—1^^ from city to
city, etc.
d) Nouns with their Ablative, as:
^#«#c£ &«*«. from tree to tree, -ik »*»& from house
to house, etc.
e) Infinitives (as Gerunds) in the Instrumental case,
with or without the negative prefix, as:
'"-ibii'i. with pleasure, 1^.^%^^^ ignorantly, etc.
f) Nouns and adjectives are formed into adverbs by
the addition of —p—pt #«^"» c^ an( i m kb* as:
-) -f w l bold, .g-1-f.-t boldJy; jb^p foolish, jb^-p*
-Ft foolish^; p-pk^u,J-f~ t in a friendly manner;
^u,i-f- P in a princely manner, etc.
f) Jhhr-^. giea%; ^^--jt.- bitterZy; j-y^b e vi-
dent, «/«3f«»fc«-it'» evident^, etc.
f) y..i-u*(,pi r ^ gayfy; o*«.o#«t# r frx richly, etc.
r ) juAsfjiuphr-W suddenly ; n*.^ direct, '»-ri?\l directty;
pkpt.-ft lightty, etc.
g) Besides these, there are many adverbial locutions
of which we will mention only a few.
Digitized by
Google
Derivative Adverbs.
87
Such are:
I(,u%Iu„,l. beforehand.
mwtfUL. gradually.
ifhpP r %i- ittrpp- \ sometimes, at
hppbSR* bpphtRi (
th
Len.
th^nuji, tacitly
Jkt{Vi* /* Jk*i at once, etc.
phpimt-tj i ig-fff by heart.
f» l»*.p in vain.
fu,mn.%l»funu r u't. pell-mell
fun. mytftT for the present.
fiuHgwn. to the end, entirely.
i[bp/f/irpnj t $tupbi-»ui>gfi Sliper-
ficially.
Remark.
Adverbs form their degrees of comparison like
adjectives, as: +he M or *hrfi % easily, <»^it thr* 9 -
more easily, etc.
Words.
^^p.uf^mfttup unfortunately.
, un .t»£$»rt offer, proposal.
<$utp**utnt_f£{,t3i fortune.
ptupopn*.p-ftA welfare.
^utg»iitf( piano.
.{,„p» r f>f( (thunder)storm.
pbibn. pole.
mpuiig. fast, swiftly.
i itlt Jiu 3 slow, -ly.
£nu»n f £nt.ut»i/_ quickly.
iut>*Dl_ sweet, -ly.
i/w^#f«./rneat, -ly. *«»V grave-
ly-
^.u^ipAuitf free, -ly, frank,
JunumntliuliJn_ to COnfeSS.
r . lu ^,h L to distribute.
piitf.nt.%li^ to accept.
{,«£«•&-££_ to persecute.
cupied with.
(u.ufrfu.u^b^ gropingly.
qb$u,%&i,Bup,up generously.
jiuifiuibuA eternally.
<j,„w«ym 7 constantly.
*Z7^» ♦*■" ""*- ♦*"* P un ^"
tually.
JtqiT gentle, gently.
ifi-lfih fully. W"»ti % half -
funinup^wpt-p humbly.
;««,«/* I remain, a^rf- Yours.
(,.„p/,% ji»pf.*"i><ig most re-
spectfully.
uibp^—ptituopk'b $ *ihp^opk^» elo-
quently.
^^u'L.ufj, qhpu^a^ admirably
$.uJ7,lb L to convince.
t^h-uti-plri^ to draw.
T u P %k u ».hb L to play.
,[u,p,u.(,l_ to deal with.
syunnbpiuqJpl_ 9 }«.»*/£_ to fight.
„$n.b u ^ii"i ( b L to spread.
Exercise 69.
H/xi*?. 4^"l^' Iguidiug Jfi ^uylrpt ^numni[_ L^nt-fi* hf""*
Digitized by
Google
88 Lesson 88.
£t fttuVhfilf butbp ^fn-u/bn. fa t ^utt/tupiut^ funuinnJuihbgkjt
Aarp fjbpnt-fi} fn%hbpp i J\vutat-u»b- ftiituuinai.pirtuJp. ttu/t^iui^
fr ftp tuuspq.bi%bppi (\t,putfum.fj but dp. (j p%n.m\tfttT Xbp uia.ui*.
0MY«y/f » ^tfputniLutputp bapuvgtH-gffyp (lost) Jbp p n £f*p ^uipnu^
tnnt PfiuUpt jfrtuutuutt.app tun u$utopl~h J*upXtu*npnuLautt.i " l/«-
jituqutgfc .gwquifi ufftinft ^tupu»bl^£ quiltnlfg u « M £//'/» fuusp*
fuusthbinti n.nt.np bn dtbtnivt;px \\uyupp Jwr^uthXUutptup ubpba
bp flzbwJfi'l'pn*-"* %lrpuku £tinp$uip-nj (Nerses the Grace-
nil) ushnt-tin tufttnft tutupft jun-ftu»bt*su t ^b'bpfiLnu f« . ftp
^tutumtu^ltbpat.u pnpopnt-Pbrtuup l^n ujtuputtufcp ^utuuttuutqt
\fflk ^tuLtumtupifiuufku l^tumtupl^p (fulfill) &irp tutu pin tubus*.
unt-prftL.uubpp % tuft in ft JbbtupnLpp uitlbu t/tupn.^t jfonfit- tutu*,
^fytig (observe) opktyubppt "£J>uttufy Or nt-nntul^ft uuti/iuQut-
utnt^t t^lttu trt. ipuiq.ftp%bpp (newspapers) /*^7* « \Sb^nt m fyiuunt-fu
l^o Ljifrpt }\ju utiLutni. (this mOming) bqpoptt%u uit-b^fi
butunt-fu trnujx \\t-btft utn^b £ Jbptfbt tubnp tuniuftupbpt
M&iin 3iftbpl~li tuubift bustling bn utssibu (go)*
Translation 70.
Speak more gently to the child. They are fully
convinced that you have done wrong (u,u[um».usb- <^?).
We humbly begged (from) your uncle to pardon (to)
us. We generally (/■>#7-<J*^/»«»«y4«) conclude $—*.—(»— b\p)
our Armenian letters; dear Sir, Yours sincerely, or I
remain, Sir, Yours most respectfully. Come nearer.
The little girl draws very well ; she draws better
than her sister. Bishop Papken has spoken very
eloquently. Miss Alice plays the piano admirably.
Fulfill your duties punctually. The thunderstorm came
suddenly. Deal well with your enemies. Clean your
boots very well, then bring them directly (to) my
room. Nobody is constantly fortunate {putpbpu,,^) in
this world. The house was half burnt (»«//»«•*-). n And he
went out, and wept bitterly". The wounded (#/»««!-«/»)
soldier fought bravely. „And spread the truth from
pole to pole". (The) times will surely change.
Digitized by
Google
89
Thirty-Ninth Lesson.
Conjunctions (tri\ mm i L h)-
The conjunctions most frequently used in Armenian
are the following:
&l, »t &nd. »i_. . . »*_ neither . ; . nor.
%,uku also. «'£_ too. b u h even. ««//_ £«- but also.
puyg, iyi_ t u*ulp»j% but. ft'£yk«t ''(*fk» as.
£#«*/% pk or. "i. •*»/_ nor. triuy Pt* ib »# ^««#4 lest.
£^? k $ pk »p if. "#"«?£" so. "yt»ik" -p so that.
/2£ . . . ^£ both . . . and. pk i_. - <-, f "Jtf «#'yA ^*
fw/i/*. . . f «/«r either . . . or. except, unless.
ijuiu% q^ f fii'ihi ffi'i»t- »/» be- "/» that. »«»^'» ^££ »/_# else,
cause, for. ^«»>' ^*£ than.
n/ f«Y4« ib in order that.
otherwise.
trppt ir/rp»fi when, as.
\u,ji, trt. uy%$y£» however, p k&*-t pk'yk— though
nevertheless.
npnif^kmbi., ^*-%f» up SHICC
tlp*L' Jfrttb*- while, where-
as.
pk phi**- why.
»tLuinf$ therefore.
<;L. n Li..„ F u* r consequently.
%ifttt%u*iuk" t ^iitjhu^u $u£^ SO,
likewise.
itLptrtfti f *»f*if- then.
,lpi ti ht. „ P till, until.
i)"PL»'*l't "piwrf 1 -p as long as.
•
Words;
it^tr^. reed. ^"""^u b" , t , ^ ML i"t mm L ^o
fnva-hba school-fellow. advise.
i.„i»i n fi,»puJf»Lpfli.% educa- £**^to bend. fr»»pz[*iio shun.
tion. mJnLM%am%m[_ to marry.
-&Vi,u*gl* Chinese. HT^bL *° move.
gf, t [. (pron. gn»t"'b) shawl. PvttL to become wet.
q.nph- f npuM^nuiT profession. m ptbd r L to forbid.
$,„%0f. U if,u,o t ii quietty.
,u%h-u,%op unknown.
i^,un.,ui,i,p ambitious.
if.$um pu»%u»i_ to enter an
action against.
t[»*ut%b L to waste.
>*p-l^i_ to fix.
Exercise 71.
%hp b%x hi^tn in * n b* p*us tt k nm vbp x kflt V ng -'ikg
Digitized by
Google
90 Lesson 39.
(will) trpfufbfify PiU"/* "bC^d^E wn-tHpfthnt-P/iuhn £tl. ftinp^.
y]*gkj> Jhan§.pb%k'b* YfPt Quutnt-uub- ^yftt utn^bp % ft 12^1*
4'ui£fusMiinf,% (labour) nu*/u ^tnqulrp^ (who build it)« lr^ty?
##* JfcuajU {tlutu.uii.nftp* "Ui ^ rt - f*"U*u.at.^{t% nt. {sj/uuSbut-^pu
uthuutbux yflbjiLui Irpplru uiftuih *uaJn[i f outiift np ^"^//_ v*
*Y*uinnijtufy{>ijblrpku ntltubo (sOIIie) ^fn-u/bn. iru $ ^&utirt.utputp
tu/tuth iLpbuiU O-U/pniJ a - Ui l* H > nHkBP (fP TGuibJUuitT n£_ pp
Lft%nt Qnuun abut int. UiT % ouibqfi ^huushn. trtTi J^a^u/una tf^
tun, | uiutui Ph n > ut ft tali Ppffiu » ^nt-utaJ utftutjt JbLufiJ*
(SOt Off), uuifuylf 1ml. ujhuf^u iJftP Ifpifutp op£ npn^Lfj &,J U
*>pfn*pn~p ^uttF ufjiutji $uutpfc UuitT ufftut^ trpa.^1 \f fijut ujui*.
wtrpuiaUutrp ujfiutfi nuu»% *J"p£*uifi thutivuiu^p Lu tfutpn.ftlft
^)irsP a-fiuth-p Pfc pt£iu, £uplrij fiuit H| . QppiutT !j } pufc 1^4*1
tuhmft iwiTiH-ubuiUusj Jjih^lrt. np q-nph" Jit nOlitrtiuy (he has) <
^uipun pi£ n.biiuttn[i (VOUIlg) k Pt? u-lrnusuft* \ f t- uuilfUMju
(y©t) he. n»p+h
Translation 72.
Carelessness and idleness are the causes of mis-
fortune. If I had had («i>fyu»A- pji-jfr) faithful friends,
[ should not be in this condition. He waited quietly
till his friend returned. Why do you not eat meat?
Because (the) meat is forbidden to me. I stayed [in] Boston,
as long as I had [any] money. Either you will pay
(to) me, or I shall enter an action against you. Although
he has no fortune, yet he has given («*««.«**- £) a good
education to his children. You will be happy, when
you are doing your duty. The Chinese neither drink
milk, nor do they eat butter or cheese. It is very
cold this morning, therefore I should advise you to
take a shawl. Your brother has been [at] London, so
have I j but he cannot go [to] New- York this year,
nor can we. Printing was unknown when Homer wrote
the Iliad (bqk-k"^)* Do not waste your time, for (the)
life is made of it.
Digitized by
Google
91
Fortieth Lesson.
Interjections O-y^-rJ—W-^tr).
The principal interjections are:
~% £ how fine ! 4tv on dear me !
wju % ,u$ 9 ,,tj ah! »<> oh! £»«.«. hush! hist!
i,*Liifr^ t u»tf$uiui % ijutf alas ! woe ! ««-^ > wtfop- fie ! pish !
«^7^?t *'/"*} what a pity! £*£ **^ woe unto you!
b v .»%Fpk> fop*, pk oh that! <#/ , fiWifi holla! holloa!
would that. . .! 4vAr» **"' b e onC ' begone!
<;«"^«', w '7f» «>*' on! come $£#££» ^vF hurrah! huzza!
on! go on! long live!
quTptfiuitg , y«y» J? t *% ojfff st range! h^os^"* ""y/»A" bravo! well
"7^* # hail! «•»*'» lo! done!
•ihfofi" away ! f^A/ 9 stop ! •/?'«"«- /A#A God forbid.
of.%ntp/fL% help! tf»4 i"y S£/» nqnpJInat zounds !
fire!
*'""«../? u M m» L ^ thank God! God be praised!
S£/» U""""-*"*' » U"""'^'"^ A^Glood Heavens! My God!
Words.
uftputf(f% darling.
T-tfw scribe.
frupfftirgj, Pharisee.
t(trq&iULi,(i hypocrite.
Jh n u,L.n V sinner.
tliiunu
i&utrnuthti
tabernacle.
Pfi^% ingrati-
tude.
i»^««.»/i transient, fleeting.
tuaiuua
t£uuttr[ to save ; *f«//.
to be saved.
f-$un.ni7it
*'T*L
inherit.
Exercise 73.
W^/itf ufipu»t[Ut%u Jbitiuut XP^r^i fip tf.lrnbg^nt.pbut%pi fl"^,
utnubu $ujplrguiui ^u#t/£/?, ""l™/ *^P fittrrff.nL.uib- £- (lS drOWned) «
\\f>tjg£ ]tftuitj.ojfnMi <\*o[k?ft Hjuj itrq^ (unto yOll)* q-tyfiphtrp
ire tfiuipfiuhgfi%lrpt IW/'A'"* PTt nt ~ .^ u "-" tutu 'l'fi u ' % bwnuyt
\\np[i[ty tytrnbtuenpt \\trgtjg Jbp tyuyuppj £ (well)t ufuipnb,
in*.™ £pl? (make haste)* sfy U f/o "»*-"'^* A^ q-^^zf"-^
Digitized by
Google
92 Lesson 41.
P/iiX (dp) 1 tyutitj* \\uutni-bnj , utqutmlrijuibgx ^Irqutt-np'blrpp^
^.J-nftig ujfiwfi &pPu/li 9 ijujj JhqutL.n^ift'ht tyta/ifi' (blessed are)
^ntf/intf^ (in Spirit) utq^>uiut%b[inL% , ou*l/qfi tjuhnhp ujfiuif$ tfut^
n.ut%ifL% bpfyft'lfufi p$uij.uia.npnt-P[n%pi £uy«£ f ^t ifm% pu*pf>
mq$uj Jjtlt bu % fyf*. Pk /"T nptg-fu £/£J"//v«« 0'*»i «•/»/'
ajibni.np'bhp , ut^tu PjUuiJfihi ^u/«yu#, bj£p % bpP&uhg usu^x
l|^uy t Jhntjujp oftui •£""- lf*f)[*\ ^j"^ % dhngwb I^^IJ fl% » /**!£_
fint-fi6t[_ butqfif {*%)* h^m^u "h'^lt (unliable) £2* ^i.
p^tu^wpuiVlilrpq.t fff^ 9 ^"t/P t^t ^tujp f»J % % ^u/LfT (how) «i£fc-
bnuiL. (has been) ^«/* utujirpusfuuint-p ftL%u t {\n9yk 4±I*H) /««-«.
"/*» hftfyi ^vWv (land! land!)* lr^-y (peccavi!)*
Forty-First Lesson.
Defective (^-J-— — r ) Ferfo.
Verbs whereof some tenses are wanting, are
defective verbs.
They are the following:
flKuMF I have, supplied from ««.^/rt»u#^_«) to have.
PreS. —AfriTf iilSiJm , ni%k ! nu%k%o , n*%fop ," nL%jtl$,
Imperf. »«.*»£/&, u*%ki»p t ««fc£/»; n^%kf»^ % m.%^f^ 9 »$.%£fi%,
Perf. uAhrguy , uiXkgtup f $$c%kifutL* ) nublrgtuUg t m.%trgu* % g ,
Imper. nL ^*biffip t *l$ ut3ik%iup • $tL.%tryl%n t iQl nt.it Irtr <**/»,
«M»SblF I know, supplied from y^—fc^ 1 ) to know.
PreS. f-^mfri/% t^ftu»bu % tf/$ut^' } i(unlr%p t t^fiu,^ t y.jnnb% •
Imperf. ft—ty » flunk //» > ffi—kp ; tb—kltyg » tb—kkg * th—kpt
Perf. tb—g—j $ tfr—y tu p » i-fi—w"*- ; tb—y—'Hg % tfr—n-ig » t/ 1 *^'
Imper. i-fr—vfc* Jf f-/»m%utp' *ff»—g£p t Jf» ^««»%«^.
blT or iiUIT 8 ) I am, supplied from £/£f-7_ to be or
to become or +-%»»-fi L to be or to be found, as : I have
been in Berlin, *|Ay/iMr y.«A»i.««A- *«/\
*) This verb follows the 3 d conjugation, excepting the
Perfect and Imperative.
') See less. 13.
Digitized by
Google
Defective Verbs. 93
tiP%UU to be able.
Pres. foltiuiT I can, %/&*"* $ f/*«7 ; l/pi»—%p , ^/»^«^ 9 fc%$*% t
Imperf. jfphuyfri !(pi'»yf»pt kv'""V\ kfo-ufiif!* kp*"vkpt fc%i*/fi%.
Perf. foffv* b7» kvd' ut -\ ifff-tyf kro'tg* kpo u,% *
Imper. hvijf'v* rf tr*""r\ ira^p* *V tr^"^*
The Infinitive.
The Infinitive is also used substantively, and as
such, is declined after the 3 d dec. (see less. 8), both
definitely and indefinitely.
Examples.
Hiding and dancing are agreeable bodily exercises.
It is more blessed to give than to receive.
My son learns to read English.
$i&t f 1_ «r^-*fr^»- ^—rtyigp nutibrjiuj.
I had the pleasure of seeing you.
I do not object to your going there.
W^tutylrpmp jiil%iu($£% tmpmm*»t[\ &iu%&piuijtuh- £/r.
The pupil was tired of (from) reading Greek.
<t|M»m»L^Mtf?#£f# y—f+^tm^ tuawm&rtj l*\p*{b\pp^.
He saved himself by jumping through the window.
The English accusative before the Infinitive is
changed in Armenian into the genitive. Ex. :
I heard my friend sing at a party.
But this may be also expressed by changing the
Infinitive into a subordinate clause with «/■ or p-k y
in which the accusative appears as nominative. Ex. :
We know him to be a valiant general, or as if
it were;
We know that he is a valiant general.
Digitized by
Google
94 Lesson 41.
\\ } nt-qbiP mm »iNk.f XT tM "t t^jt ufbtufcuibufb uaiutntimt-p-^A^
I wish you to read the history of England by
Macaulay.
The Infinitive after hoiv, what } where is . either
changed into a subordinate clause as above, or the
pronominal suffixes -» r* t or * an( i x h* x lr> l t x ( see
less. 16) are to be appended to it. Ex. :
V^l e^^L m • K^hh^" hl^^i? **- '"-? ^eP' ut t m t^j* q.fr*»bp t or
Qts f f,^b r pi or - P Pl nH'* b % u& u t 1 t / *"- "«r hP'~ f -
I do not know what to do, how to do, and where to go.
Words.
ftrrfi slave. «"*-/t^«Ar?.«»$ cou- /-»«fcj.~— »p dangerous,
rier. «.x$o#*\f unpleasant.
JJtpwfLiijJ- SUrg60ll. bniunttniuq^tn t fitiin^tuiuiuntn
tf«ip mind. gratefiil.
p/,p L,i.%/,t( butterfly. ^««/»*»^f*#},-«#/iu. r continually.
tuJofl- fhtufutuuifrp , shame, dis- ^$*itn$»»pbiu»iqbu perfectly.
grace. fub^yf* clever.
us^us^ proverb. faqbulfc ancient.
jm-ai-Pl,^ silence. ju,fo%b L% u,^nb^b L to
i} w/ .i«Y^ character. frighten.
♦A*l? passion. *.u, P JM,%b L (ft/ip) to dress.
^wwt^m^ intention. £*«%- L to endeavour.
q.tu£hu*t(y,iLp(iu% confedera- t tut, t u '^'^L* m nbitL to hinder.
tion.
Exercise 74.
Qu*if§uiqu*%ij £usut (tOO much) l uou l'ICL ifauthq.uii.nn t *
Uj* Ju»pq.n 3 (people) f»u*i.u>ia (laughing) /ty&«#«» offc^urifo/
17 1 1^)1/7/ u -l , l , tJh ut 11% or in utLuujjt ^uinfig (gOOd) i* u ^ r t_ unJp£:
WoftffU Hju/nirfff uibuiub J^ut fl'> i l iU if3 utbnn bpqbni tuuifr
bJ't \)('(* Jbn nutpbLutuubpn L t ott%bu $tbq a. npbb^t i_ , itiuiit*
'"filE (WO OUght to) bjtu*{uuiuitj.I^ui i>[lfl uibnbgx y\_u$qc.
nibqutbuubtnc ^usZCnjjtp iqfiut/i tiL&buus'hu (shall W6 h&V6?)-
*\+bi$libbpn qhunhutinJ ftk [* u £_ utjiuifi I* §§"*(> ^au>bt.$Mslipi»*
(knowing what the consequence would be) i/iui/u^b^i.
(to run oft) uSunfiu^, £nt.%k/>ut llV'l"' Jbubtunc (dying)
Digitized by
Google
Present Participle. 96
ifout t?f* Sq^V »fi"fiit$thUi^ (instead of) ftp ij.uiu£ uni[ptr[ni. x
ftpuit. (he did SO)* lt//»««'/««/«/^» utyuiut. $yuipdlu%hi 'fcttPf**
i|tt/^#/u/^n^ (by reading) fc foP&>'p (form) Ap «^«^?^f*
Xvut^qnufll uh£ Jkb tjn^nrjnt PfriVblrp (sacrifices) (Aitr£ntf_
(by making) 4&#g» /'V/'V (obtained)* i^^tT £*. U^f
u/iftnt.'h pfcpbnhfilg j^ 'h^Juipb^^ (perceiving)* £«#Wj/ifc
fttt'bh^ ijuyh (to catch it)* n£ #y» (whoever) /fy» •y«*//?i«a# fc
^tMMltnt-PfitX^ £p fyutuuvptrfi y wfttf-uthft (worthy) ^t tf^pif fyn*.
£nub[nt- (to be called)*
Translation 75.
To know nothing (/=«'*, utf n,%iU ip) 19 n0 disgrace,
but it is [an] absurdity (i»%—l* L —.pfti.%) if a man will
know {V»<-ik qf»^%,u L ) everything. One (J»»r*) must be
prudent in speaking (^o»^t «££); an old proverb says:
speaking is silver, but silence (i^- h in) [is] gold. Before
contracting (<Ji««««™«mfy£ .»^,.,£) friendship with a man,
one ought to know (lyw/""^ ffin>%»> L ) his character per-
fectly. The desire to appear (£/f*«-%«Y«c ^^^»^^) clever
often hinders [one] from becoming so. It is a shame
to obey (#«>«"«£ ) [one's] (to) passions. The art of dancing
was already known (a-#«>*o^) to the most ancient
nations. By working much [at] (the) night, my eyes
have grown weak (—f—p-ijuih- £>#). Napoleon had the
intention of uniting (JfrwgMnni) all Europe into (under)
one great confederation against England. (The) singing
delights (fe ijm».iu P *,»fl%k) the heart. Hasten to finish
((fff^bp.u) your letter, for the courier leaves (fe» «/&fty)
in half an hour (ifk» «*»«»/£}#).
Forty-Second Lesson.
lite Present Participle.
The Prcs. Participle*), which is derived from all
verbs by adding the syllable -t, or ft. to the root,
is very frequently employed.
i) See aso less. 26, Remark.
Digitized by
Google
96 Lesson 42.
1. It is used as an adjective qualifying a substan-
tive. Ex.:
-fo-L *%/» "£ * loying mother.
b'Vft —pktwfe the rising sun.
L—0-L JufiiMi-fe the weeping child.
^M»«/?*yt^ utuj—ijujij Jfc a convincing proof.
* % li\. /»**■- «£ & n oppressive burden.
"VHWi. A *^*/ 1 consoling words.
Note. The present participle terminating in ^ is
derived only from active verbs in t^, and having lost,
in many cases, the nature of both a verb and an ad-
jective, has ussumed that of a substantive designating
the agent of the action indicated by the verb from
which it is derived, as:
Qctfil. Saviour, «ty/»«</£. baptist, ty-eti, inventor,
%f^ r /,^_ painter, «««y««^^ printer, —«fol>i_ barber etc.
2. The present participle in -^ renders a rdative
phrase formed with who, which, what (see. less. 30, R. 2,
Note). Ex.:
fby% «y«*/t««j»«£»^ fa Jfc or i&£_ •£ -f P'tfr he •Y w *
A bottle containing poison or a bottle which con-
tains poison.
^uttip Quiuttuimmm utniuk OT —tnui*U mm /**"&(» hp fuiutitssp .
The boy playing in the yard or the boy that
played in the yard.
Note. It is also employed substantively, and as such,
is declined after the first declension.
W* uttij$'lih tffii* a.uih»mjt x n.t*s%& lip a.tn't*£ •
Whoever finds a virtuous wife, finds a treasure etc.
The Past Participle.
1. The Past Part is derived from all verbs by.
adding the syllable -* or t- r ') to the root, as: »£/»-*
or "fir^r loved, ^o«-.^ or /«©«.t p spoken etc.
2. It combined with the auxiliary *-r or w^
serves to form the compound tenses of verbs (see less
13, R. 1), as:
>) See also less 26, R.
Digitized by
Google
Future Participle. 97
f . / v«> hf or trh kJ% I have written; fv~> or f^l>r 4^
I had written etc.
3. The past part, in *»> is also used as an adjective, as :
£W> &-««^ Jfc a withered flower.
4»ut r ~). i-rfc «£ a broken pen.
Jhn_~i ju$ n Jfc a dead man.
mqki f«»^«»«.« / fi.«.-.> m^ctr^ well furnished houses.
Note. The past part, terminating in t-^ (retained
from the Ancient Armenian) is occasionally employed
in the same sense, as :
o r <JH~L Qekt'L blessed Saviour.
itL#4.~ L m y\f,% «/f» a learned lady.
h-$*tfl.~ L .p—qvtp Jp a flourishing city.
4. The jpostf ^artf. in -> renders also a relative phrase
(see less. 30, R. 1, Note).
Note. It is also employed substantively, and as such,
follows the first declension, as :
uthuuibm what I have seen, «*««»^« of what I have
seen etc.
The Future Participle.
1. It is derived from all verbs by adding fr^- or
~^- to the root.
2. It is used as an adjective, as :
fufttmtf^l*.- £»M»%f£ , The danger to be avoided.
ti^f.-.^ f/^ *£ , A book to fa read.
, n«-*"i-Lr~ $"9 *"- A^ir- J&"r« Bread to eo£ and water
to drink.
3. See less. 24, R. 4. Ex.:
M, Jp j-Hl— W t 1 have to buy a horse.
S »*.*'£ \l%~£- 1>s 9 I am to stay at home.
4. It assumes the nature of a substantive by chang-
ing its termination 1^- or ~tr- into S-rf* or ~(J*» as:
CrWJ* ■£ »**»lfg9 Have you anything to say?
ty»rt-$+ •£ i»J»fi'Tt I have iwthing to read.
itfu,/, mpuil* Urf*
Elementary Armenian Grammar. ?
Digitized by
Google
98 Lesson 42.
„It shall be given you in that same hour what ye
shall speak."
Words.
Jkt fog. £'?/ vapour. t g U .£u, i k i ,fe encouraging.
tytfot *■*-•)& earth. gp»L.b^ to disperse.
JotuLup , ^thrpp-tn.$uh- poem. ^uitpib^ to form J ^usaJnL^ tO
ftvfcuvutifuSb fugitive. be formed.
iuuu^but knight. M«t/ty cloud.
jpfiv^tuf incident. i^^ utr i/—~^i_ amusing.
$tuutti-3inunuAt college.
Exercise 76.
\j*tuo.nq^ utpbo-utl^p t^p gpnt-k u%o.nt W^u^bpn o.b*nb^u
putpXpuignn^ (arising) ^nu.l»blrpk til ^otptt-fiut ^^itlfH
nuiut%utunpUbp iuu»pnt%usfan (containing) V-ft/U* *% uibuiub-
InTt \s % u>pp dulling (setting) u*pbt-£ fa gnugukp (indicated)
fl-£r utbou.nL.ut iu/iui[t pnutp (it WOUld be) thuifnuunjuLutulbbpn
^tu^ia^&^a (pursuing)* bpifipp. u»pf-——**-npnn_ (fructifying)
u/uXpbt. (rain) dpU kp* \T»»H pef> (I listened) flop ^«^
f*»[kpt»£_ fuougbpnA t <^p.outrgnt-g(t£_ (prOn. pq_> . .) tfiriu *{»
iiL i^Pt""^* M^ nuau bsvfunf^ (selling) %f»u dp fa utlrubbd^t
Hi/** %np ^pbpuj^LuttnL.f^btMth ui$uuiu.pfi^it at. <^putuiu/putbh^gL
«t|. Qf-iPnu i|/ioi/ (Julius Groos) £« f)'-'""04££ t n $ *" "*•*
u/ti-tMuipu/bf, ni.uutunn%bpfru t ^p^^CL unupirb u/t-bf/i ^1°P
(mighty) k * iffy typtfita Q<»pn-u*uusuf> (Jordan) Jkf_ «^»i»-
utat-baiuL. Qni^yu/ltt^u \pfawff^!*t \\utubtnp t[$utut$ub bu
L^bwL (discouraged and dejected) Lfbptun.iup&usL.t \\Jb1k^
usl.u[P (the mOSt) jutpu.nL.uib- Jut pup tip J"* utdbuuitnu Ju»p$t.p
£Jr< Qutofusfu uufl/biuni-ubui/ Jutpnftfy (people) utJbuutn.^2 ufrp
(hand) (fniSbbuuth (write)* \\M* Jlupn-nu tjbufhpp Jfigu*^
iflrujbpnL. £Uipuyu*pbu>^ (continued) £q&"y dpb 1 1 ft*-Punt!b
muipbl^utb ^utuusffih u%f(&,t the age Of. . •) nlbnuiL. b-bpnu*.
%Jth uftpncmb- At. Jbbutpnuuib utJku t/utpn^-t \nL.bnubinc
b&lbriL (the problem to be solved) ^utnapq.nL.bau,t. (was
Communicated) P n ["P nL.uuiunqbbpncu % "fru lfbput^m.p
(meat) nt%fitT nunb^ni. (to eat)* \?u pttb^hgu t^funbtT (what
Digitized by
Google
Some derivative verbs. 99
to do)* "z>*4a tbvnqtL (he that observeth) i1tV bua P s^^L
(SOW), £«- uiduihprn.% %uynqi± (. . . regardeth) ifipliT <&&&£_
(reap)*,,
Forty-Third Lesson.
Some derivative verbs.
A. A certain number of active verbs in lx are formed
into neuter by changing their termination into Jt.. Ex.:
£uiyu0%uife fe 2»»pJ-k (active i^t^l) JKptbm%*
The springs moves the machine.
\j t Lnfi%/t fc ^utftd/t (neuter ^c^id ^vkrb Z2**it&-\
The moon moves round the earth.
Such are: "ur^u — Al to bum, $«^L' — It to melt,
4»~ r l. Lt — } L to break, J*?^ to put out (the light), «£»/»Jl
to go out, etc.
Note. These are not numerous, and follow the
2 d conjugation.
J3. Neuter verbs are generally formed into active by
adding to the root jH^ or S-^Hl* as:
'''V«4l to wait, mf—mjilL to cause to wait.
Mn i/ L to die, t/Br^t L to kill.
""Y/^L to l* ve > ""frW^'L to maintain.
u p%,$»\m L to sleep, ^Wjit^ to lull asleep, etc.
Note. A few neuter verbs which do not undergo
this rule, are supplied by other active verbs, as: *«»£_
to stay, p-qnt^ to leave; kpp-i_ to go, b^eh^L to send;
u,k n %k L to see, 9 -. 9 %h L to show; %£/_ to rise, <>«**£/_ or
l lti t 3 , ' fr L to raise, to lift, etc.
6 T . 1. Causative verbs of the 1 st and 2 d conjugations
are derived from active verbs by adding $Hl or S-^tx*
and give the sense of employing another as the agent
of the action indicated by the verb, as :
"h^L to love, "/taH-L to cause to love.
A»o«J L to speak, ^o»{.5^^ L to cause to speak.
2. The causative of verbs of the 3 d conjugation is
formed by changing the termination of the Perf. «l , •>-> ,
or «y into $Ht.» as :
/uiii-~ L to laugh, Perf. fait-wrf, Caus.* jttfi^Hi. to
make to laugh ; f«7»7-~Lto read, Perf. ^"/^"jf » Caus. f«v»-
Digitized by
Google
100 Lesson 43.
7-^^tt to cause to read, to instruct in reading; Jnn\~ L
to forget, Perf. *&«.$«y , Oaus. Jmn j*t^ to cause to forget ;
n *.m\. L to eat, Perf. ^p-y , Caus. ttyo^t t° cause to eat,
to feed.
3. Those verbs which do not form causatives, supply
their place by the various forms of -r-t. to give, here in
the sense of to cause, to make, to have, to let, with their own
Infinitive. Ex.:
IT4j»*fct»fe a-* r hk L mmi-fr, I set the machine at work.
$**.% J}, %u,M-mL#*s&l L if.*./, mu,tT 9 I shall have a house
built. '
iljr r s» r 4»i. Jj. ^fi.k L Mi-fa, You have a coat made.
£jf» pL%u.£ mXk L "ib'-t --e* He would have me put
in prison.
2*t tb m a %y L »ib™b "-ft I shall let you know (send
you word).
Avt •£ t M *WV ^'-"^L •ifi—f' «i"»«^i I shall have a
pair of stockings knit.
Conjugation of active and causative verbs in $Hl-
Pres. fc Jkn. a %bJ % I kill, fc Jkn.tf.ku, fc Jkm.tf.1;. fc Jkn. a ^
**\£» fc •& m -d lt ke* fc Jkn,tf$k%.
Imperf. fc JL~.ji.ty, fc Jkm.tf.tyn, fc Am.jfi.ty etc.
Perf. Jkm.gni.gf, tikm.gnt.gfm, u%ngmt.g. Jkm,gut,gf%g , Jkn.guL~
she* t b"-8 mt -ab % *
Fut. »tfr»b Am-^mJ* etc.
Cond. **£-£ Jkm- a %ty etc.
Imper. p-*«_ Jkm-.jt.brS, Jkm.guM.rn, P»o_ Jkn.tf.1; .
B Jtm-guUttg , Jkm.gnM.gtig , finn^ Jkm-gmku .
Participles.
PreS. Jkn. a %nnj
Past Jkm.gnt.gmh-.
Fut. Jkm.tf.kimM..
D. There is a class of verbs compounded of a noun
and a verb, which though written separately, constitute
only a kind of compound verb, as :
fAu.j % Mmm%fr L to take care of,
fym. p-u.mlk L to make efforts,
am% d tf.k L to omit, to neglect,
m.nM.% a.umh-k L tO Strive etc.
Digitized by
Google
Table of the principal forms of verbs.
101
i I
5
o
4
W
O
I
r>
I
•
4i
9
I
u
o
*t
I
5
4
8
I
J-
8
5 ^
u
o
1 I
u
7*® u •
1^7 & * 1
i
U^v &«
i
03
CD
— I O
I
I
\
PI
O
o
o
S" »
=3i
&*
Digitized by
Google
102
Forty-Fourth Lesson.
Apposition (f- jV^f O «
A noun or pronoun used to explain another noun
or pronoun is put by apposition, as in English, in the
same case. Ex. :
Milton, the English poet, wrote Paradise Lost.
Note. The appositive, when followed by the principal
term (p-yuyuywbivij, remains undeclined, as :
*bl-tr" (Nile) ?.*«»£, ^i?" t^—ft* *bttr* t^—fr e ^ c «
The noun in apposition may be placed either before
or after the noun with which it is in apposition, as :
Socrates, the Greek philosopher.
Note. Nouns or adjectives as appositive modifiers
when preceded by the principal term, take the definite
article V as:
<t*£«A 'h-.W/n, /Ae river Danube.
XPusp^usukpi ;o»t«/M«, Howard, £Ae philanthropist.
Ifof/tf.^^x b»"uh Isaiah Wle Prophet.
ir*&*» sfoptul or §for»% if**-, Tigranes Me Great.
Z^nrfungi «b*jf M £« pr *u*/»"4« ^i»»p^"»ibt Nerses tfAc
Graceful.
Nouns in apposition, especially when modified by
other words, are distinguished from the other parts of
the sentence by the p—-P (*) » as :
Qhi/u£iA % QisifiiiaA uUnuthtutt nt$a.A% % \kUifluil;iu»tfh'hls nitL% utu**
T£u$m-ut-brt
uil. .
Joseph, Jacob's favourite son, was sold to the Ish-
maelites.
Note. The two nouns are not separated by the
P'"~p- if both words have become so closely connected
as to form really one noun, as :
Q^oqnu uto-tugtrujj^ or \\n-i*gbrutjl <*\oqnu , Paul the ApOStle.
^[tfn^np \»Luuit.9$i$jif_ or \ m »i-uu*t.itpfi£L ^cfo'T i Gregory
the Illuminator.
Digitized by
Google
.Vocative. 103
<t\butpnu ^tf-uamuttft Of f{af^ttata.itfX <1\kur[tttn t P©t6f the
Hermit.
Vocative ({"tr$~*)«
The vocative is the same in form as the nominative.
Vocatives accent their last syllable, as :
l^uyuipilu 9 tf.na.pu &fyAt.(t t Lazarus, come forth.
Qtta.tf.tu f ^uaa/fsua.fi&-£t?£ fe afiatattk bat f JudaS, betrayest
thou with a kiss ?
PJ-Flk* *?"*- - % *t p^zi^t Physician, heal thyself.
But when a noun in the vocative is repeated, or
preceded by an adjective or by the interjection «£ or « 0,
the accent is thrown back on the last syllable of the
first noun, or on the adjective or interjection, as:
b«- 8*rc a."""-* Mt'Rfct \}t"fi&t And the Lord &aid,
Simon, Simon.
^turfi t[tufitf.tuufban i Good Master.
ftqnffiV fit, na/_ \\uu, nL u*& , Have mercy upon me,
God.
Vocatives are distinguished from the other parts of
the sentence by the comma {*m»pmftm) (,), as :
\?Pk nutfbttf $£(t t ff(t%tuu if fin »(*pbf •
Lord, if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean.
Z*u*JP t J* nt - itiLntf. f^ tat a.tu% tf.tr tF fitP ^ntf.fiti.
Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit.
Remarks on Armenian Construction.
In simple sentences, the subject comes first, secondly
the object, and thirdly the verb, as :
\±tiutna.a*tb- ukf k t God is Love.
fynt.jao'h £»f.tf#t»t£ ^fttat/tkg, Fulton invented the
steamboat.
Note. A noun or pronoun in the accusative, go-
verned by an active verb, may be placed either before
or after the verb, but more usually precedes it, as :
Z, tn jr»il •%. + %lr & or $»«//»" t % fy)t «£•
My father bought a horse.
y^ttintiLitth- 1^*^ fe "fok Or }\fnita,ut& fe "bf^ t^t.*
God loves us.
Digitized by
Google
104 Lesson 44.
Usually, in complex sentences, the circumstances of
time and place are first introduced; then comes the sub-
ject; then the object; then the verb, and last of all the
circumstances of manner or instrument, as:
In the fifth century of Christ, St. Mesrob formed
the Armenian letters.
Our bodies will rise again in the day of judgment.
Note. This normal order, however, may be frequently
inverted by removing one of the parts of speech from its
usual place to the beginning of the sentence, and vice
versa.
The remaining rules of construction being essen-
tially the same as in English, need no further remark.
Digitized by
Google
Appendix (e""-h nt - m
*)•
I. Selection of useful words.
1 . sftjfr't* 2%e universe.
U
utnnutu
* God.
\Xr'»rfle the Creator.
tuf,ui($u*&£ the creature.
y rkb % 4? heaven, sky.
irpyiriitfytMit/tup sky.
iu£fau*(t<Z world.
t»(t&L f Mgikf.t*Q sun.
utntnt^ star.
JZfnftuity planet.
£nLufi% moon.
ifuMpuutiTi tf.ftiitut.np comet.
kv^k * ^ na -F fire.
oq. air.
VfAf earth.
£»«/» water.
nt[t(fciu%nu ocean.
*•«£ sea.
f.£m river.
£f»wf brook.
J-uyn. f tutuutn-tuJ- rOCK.
llllb island.
i*n. mountain.
Pl?*-p hill.
ln V , ^ n t[f, m valley, dale.
^u*£ur field, plain.
ufbmtttn- forest.
tunt-ftuii grove.
T£usJpu*j t tynqnutity Way, TOad.
u$t,ui$i^ sand.
Jlrmutn^ metal.
nutf gold.
uipbrnp- silver.
^tfitX copper.
h r t[,»p iron.
m»qtt(iuui steel.
tyuiMiun lead.
p-pp-^t tin*
ut&nuju, ^miip 9 COal.
4>»2£ dust.
^lukp mine.
2. $..*Aj{. r . Plants.
wftu, corn-field.
T J™ kg corn.
l-wrf* barley.
tfiupmufy oats.
iuiftt.fi flour.
pnf/iti rice.
^uttCutp rye.
jn(t&% wheat.
kwqtll flower.
py^tuifutqutJfL canliflower.
^nntf.uttT turnip.
nutktunftft carrot.
Digitized by
Google
106
Appendix.
k^uimmgnpifo Indian corn.
^Jn»-l_ hops.
ii$»hb$fc hemp.
^p-% flax.
kfuutfaatm tobacco.
*M/_ to smoke.
ftu/L^up , __ knj/i> vegetables.
M>*f *{ asparagus.
inJfk, spinage.
lfu*qu,Jgt cabbage.
i^muu»^i_ potato.
r~ii radish.
^qusp lettuce.
$Mtqg$*»% salad.
^ p utX^ cucumber.
^..uS pumpkin.
«»t» onion.
s*qss*Migkq_ parsle}'.
J»«»K cress.
sssn.nM.mjtn clover, £»»«» grass.
3. Yp«»-tr j.*. *vr«»-£|rf • Trees and fruits.
k\sssss, tree.
p—.$ shrub.
sums/sum rOOt.
***% or fouA (*ussu-/s) trunk.
*fi*-q_ branch.
nssm twig.
rnkmlrs. leaf.
sfsssysn WOOd.
\usij]bfs or A*«2_ — oa k.
/usssffissst^m acorn.
sfw^sA or w*trl> beech.
P~l± % b fig-tree.
P" U, L fig-
sssss^splrH plum-tree.
st ftp- Or susnnsXIi vine.
A* Mr# Zf *l grape.
*fi"jrf pine.
*2*t/fe fir-tree.
jjfsMsmtMsuf birch.
^ts/qtuj^t/u poplar.
p-Jpt lime-tree.
,, Ln .h%fi willow.
fu%&n(,y.m apple -tree.
9jtrn.usi.yit cherry-tree.
ftk'Ul. walnut.
njb^ns.sf^n walnut-tree.
Z u,n.ufoui\y i l chestnut -tree.
fuus^usp^ currant.
fnu^utqusp^ gooseberry.
«*»M-H raspberry - shrub.
*i>?4 strawberry.
n.k*iQ\t peach -tree.
4. 2-r*"r~ x JHf Quadrupeds.
fSr%*f.*ssbji t tst%ss»ssnt% animal.
mXtmssAsfs domestic.
i£ horse.
fjf^H, *«uH mare.
Js\t V nu\ fiUyj colt.
^ t ox.
s-s. L bull.
'tft«- squirrel .
Lussntts. Cat.
$«»p- calf.
^««a dog.
^««.//^ beaver.
J*»p- skin.
#«■■££ leather.
1 The names of trees and bushes are derived by suffixing
\ or l-H to the word indicating their fruit, as:
tyjM»lr apricot, ty/M»ty apricot-fcwj snm%l\x\ pear-free.
Digitized by
Google
Selection of useful words.
107
l(—l_ cow.
tuLtuutuff, k;_ donkey, ass.
^ltt L F horse.
tujk goat.
%ffi'if f fafituq^ wild-boar.
nljutup sheep.
y^ii stag.
f"l/ ram.
kqgiff"- deer.
u-u*n-uni.if lamb.
%$uuauiuiniut[ hare.
piLfttf. wool.
tCuii^iuff rabbit.
A"'*. P^
faw-rt mole.
tunnuk- fOX.
J»*-t mouse.
t"fJL "Wolf.
F nu F- n [_1 tun.u^u$ Tftt.
«7»£ bear.
pnpkifi hyena.
i'»»fH ape, monkej'.
#I»L elephant.
tun.fi L& lion.
nuqur camel.
ftitktun-jit.hr leopard.
jm[$uq^ panther.
*l»if-c tiger.
5. fa*«*.£'-
U* r . Birds.
p-y*. wing.
iftujututn-jtlf hedge-sparrow.
if,butm-[i feather.
fuu/jutfiup finch.
!t«,nug beak, bill.
yif m p,n%[tif gold-finch.
Plfia nest.
tf.htfltu%jttf canary-bird.
Su.t.tyPt A»i- egg.
\tu V Jfttuftuu^ robin-redbreast.
<J^t. hen.
Jknptuhnt.br (oi* t nn l"Wf)
tuguantutfj tug fn ft COCk.
humming-bird.
pwf. duck.
tn^qnt.fy sparrow.
ttiutf. goose.
&f,blrn-%ui% swallow.
^us^ft.uff poultry-yard.
f f •»«. cuckoo.
utyiuiiifi pigeon.
tuitb-tn jay. tfutjtttnttiif magpie.
tyuifiiuty swan.
lfnt.n-tuf. raven.
^vt^dbh p-*-!?**' singing-
ftnt. owl.
bird.
uftfttttJutfiif. peacock.
fttfiiuJ2uftif.li quail.
aStuuhtuu pheasant.
uMftuttyut lark.
\tugtut. partridge.
uttifiif.[ilf thrush.
tuptuft snipe.
unfutulf f pnt.fpni.f_ nightingale.
•unuMn.ftf_ stork.
,u%u.t L vulture.
p-n*.p-tutf parrot.
wph^fiL. eagle.
fsuttfk falcon.
Ifuttjmft wood-cock.
fvyftuj" ostrich.
6. AHt-f "ir- u hr# 4£r*
t(-r . Fishes, reptiles and insects.
Ifkw whale.
uttun-bftt herring.
p-y$ scale.
fnuutft salmon.
Digitized by
Google
108
Appendix.
2u»%$u&M-t[ shark.
lm-i(l^ e stock-fish.
h-usb-uA carp.
f.«3/iufjff«.f pike.
—it*? sardine.
ut.tt.LtA net.
k u$ i'P' fishing-hook.
Inuti npuu»i_ to fish.
ifittpu fisherman.
l\ittt F ut,t.p[it.% fishing.
/u&ijrfu*H- crab.
ttttutfk oyster.
iltttfp-tulttt.il cray-fish.
krb-u {jg«" n *igl') tortoise.
M"u (*•»/»«.) turtle.
J»lku lizard.
•* serpent. fr± snake.
-Ft worm.
ibptutT silk-worm.
^utpjjtutjuuytu trout.
oituint.ii eel.
Jmutuypu Silk.
«£2!M' ant.
uutfu. spider.
uuutuyu (uutpt^f^ web.
ri*«y ##<.*■_ chafer.
PfPmup caterpillar.
pfipLoAH butterfly.
t°i°z. toad.
a-apuw frog.
utapat-f leech.
JhqnL. bee.
•&1P honey.
Jm-qpusJittT WaX.
tftkput^ hive.
mfthu*^ wasp.
Jusputju grasshopper.
f^tuJknnt. hornet.
7.
<J»*A soul.
<#«^ mind, spirit.
JutfJfu body.
JJtu (jutpJjfk) flesh.
J»eP skin,
^/^t, blood.
irputii vein.
tif-fr* head.
f»«y eyelid.
P'H'rPbL. eyelashes.
^fP nose.
^uutnuthitig smell.
«s/«» cheek.
u*futu£ ear.
{tkpu/u mouth.
u*Ln.uy , ututuiifu tOOth.
zf out. tongue.
h%out chin.
Jopn^ beard.
b-bnpt throat.
ir-rr* Man.
Jutnj $tp hair.
ifutfutu, forehead.
«.fit/«ta-fi± features.
?£<£?# *r*" fece.
aa.uyuspuA SOUSO.
m ts e y e -
u.u/»h-utfutit organ.
«/°V ©y©brows.
««£ M**4£ right hand.
lutfu iktug left hand.
«/2tf«t finger.
wnnLita.
nail.
^4/m thigh.
rp-utJutu, thumb.
buLufi knee.
uput.ua. leg.
fut-jf calf of the leg.
«"i£ foot, ""iffr Jtuut toe.
fo»»«-f heel.
««fr or Mufugt bone.
Digitized by
Google
Selection of useful words.
t[f>q_t mtupmittta , jCfim neck.
»«.•» shoulder.
}^'«} back.
fnt./f^ breast. /«*£ chest,
^*7» belly.
piujnL.fy arm.
lbn-^g hand.
109
#2_ nerve.
ji^uAnt^ muscle.
t ,tn$uJ\gu stomach.
p-np lungs.
[bluff, liver.
b l tftt i mJhtS. t g kidney.
uftpm heart.
8. 4,-f-^-^. Clothing.
Unburn garment.
^.kplmli tailor.
tylrjitqmu, tyutiut- cloth.
faffing cloak, mantle.
^kpuirfttt. over-coat.
p+lftng frock-coat.
fL U ,tfl i n*i,u,ii waistcoat.
tfinqf/tuuf neck-tie.
tltuptnfcg drawers.
u0%if.(iu$t[*ipmfLg trowsers..
Z^'lbk shirt.
y.tyiuifni.ty dress-maker.
P m lkb %m k pocket-handker-
chief.
^ni.^uij stocking.
pnt-pq- WOOl.
putJu^ut^ cotton.
fyivpt tfiupnt-uib- Stitch.
yitpiu^iui^ garters.
k°ttk shoe.
<;»qu,pu*f slippers.
&bn.%„g f frmp-trnmu gloVC.
<Lu$>nuQnj<j watch.
imuttnft J-mJtugnjm clOCk.
j-tutfiutjnjiflt z/iP-u watch-
chain.
^ni/uiiny umbrella.
$ n fo%m#u.$ parasol.
f-i-w^ cap.
pki$tAfe sleeve.
o&kp collar.
l»j?<»l button, k"*k^L ^°
button.
oq$»![ button-hole.
uaumuin- lining.
f-fitytuh pocket.
^"f shawl.
2Pgu»Hf.iruu$ gown, dress.
qmmi.mli petticoat.
ubqJfiput% stays.
^.nt^bnu apron.
<f~u/n(u*i.k% ribbon,
four/ girdle.
mmmpmigmi, bracelet.
qmnti.il
brooch.
timukmii necklace.
f.ffitm 9 oq^ ear-ring.
qmpq.mit&q_ (Jmqfi) hair pill.
Jtumm%ft ring.
fitnmnm[ijf , q.m%q.nt.p Curl.
faqmitrnQ, fctfo brush.
fttiqutwmQb-i , tjjtl[t%b[_{,0 bnish.
ut*%mp t — f^lj comb, to — .
obmmt$i2_ pomatum.
ttSumtfn^f tooth-powder.
umMmt[pXfft, tooth-brush.
oiCutn- soap.
Jibn-o £tta.m£tta. fynffg WftSh-
hand-bAsin.
Digitized by
Google
110
Appendix.
9 . f^T-lJ+t* The family.
lutfi&fe ancestors.
hr%u>i m g parents.
tttrhr ^utfft, $w*- t ufutuj grand-
father.
Ah Jlyp % <J«»ty, -/^•/•grand-
mother.
kpbk husband.
ptf, fri wife.
u/btr r , \bupuyp father-in-law.
l^ft—^tj k*"""-f mother-in-
law.
t/2u%ttLff t utquy child.
"Ptb son.
^.nuuutp daughter.
p nn . grand-son.
(™i2ti) P--*- grand-daugh-
ter.
ifchuuy son-in-law.
<J«7»« daughter-in-law.
l "W u ue brother.
.g'UP sister.
ufisirpluB^ t «»Mff.{r brother-in-
law.
^b%/» t —"•!__ sister-in-law.
^uyp father.
J&vp mother.
^o/»* Jopbqpuyp uncle.
$op % Jopivgiyp aunt.
b'lpopnrtfrt ^^-ttb nephew.
bqpopuiqfjif , ^kn-tu,^^ niece.
*°f % *r*irr*nfi I cous i n .
Jiu^l_ boy.
""0k &^'
(% n[ ,) $kuuy bridegroom.
(%»p) $uipu bride.
^uspuuXfe wedding.
utJTti^u'bnup^A marriage.
uypf, Juspq. widower.
-urb kb % widow.
-pp orphan.
iMsqi^.us^au% relative.
P$ssptr^uttT friend.
10. ftt~j« r
zk\g building.
tyusjutut palace.
u*m% house.
muffle roof.
llnjibuMjiupti loft, garret.
uuM%tf.ui.^ stairs.
^b m % t u Jl u r l l ground-floor.
u*n.u»fjtia sfUMnfiQtiii Or W'pk
first-floor.
^vkvFt f'—bk"*' ° r j ,u ck
secojid-floor.
uh%biuii room.
t Lfi" u 't'UP curtain.
aytuuiQirp , %tf,up picture.
^q-uAuaffp portrait.
»*. Dwelling.
VbfuiuiSuiriuli bed-room.
«P-<i drawing-room.
f»t* door.
ifru»][u/iq» , fqupuhp lock.
pui%$M,£ key.
tuuiu$nu^*u% window.
muafutntuhuitfiuhr IlOOr.
lh tl »u% ceiling.
iyiuutf npiT wall.
^tuiit^uiii bell.
tntuuiuiutnuiL mattress.
pwpl pillow.
utuL.ui% sheet.
•lkpju.fr blanket.
opopng cradle.
Digitized by
Google
Selection of useful words.
Ill
$**ytr[]* looking-glass.
tf.u^tfMfwfe furniture.
^^^4 chest of dra-
wers.
tWd drawer
nbquJit table.
u*p,,n- chair.
pmi^uBp-nn. arm-chair.
p.,u^Jii^ sofa.
Quiiyfytn carpet.
w %friqf,% bed.
1 1 • |v»»C«»A«Mj£,
iHun-uA, pantry.
fun^usftuip cook.
prtLgimQ hearth.
tffnu^tupiuis fire-place.
hpb&iy^ chimney.
ir' u t fi rR » ^"*A»> «£^ smoke.
tu&m/u coal, tfcfjui wood.
Jnfuftft ashes.
tjuyh-uin. f ttt.%bjfi tOngS.
utwiuutfy pan.
tniuu^b^ to fry.
ubqtuhf, 0*f,n-ng table-cloth.
, U q~sji salt-cellar.
'1VH k ir /mX pepper-&0#.
ifiu%n*%bfu mustard.
tfiu%u*%fiitutfit*t, mustard-pot.
^gtuwfufu vinegar.
ikp- oil.
lti_ bottle.
upnumff water-bottle.
ju>/,y.u0i>%nqp% straw-bed.
yuj^usutrqiuSh night-table.
tfftu*^. candle.
^uin.y L to light.
ui£uiut%utty candlestick.
>n»r wax-candle.
fLu$nJiuii,ui_ snuffers.
m^dkb match.
iiu.%p-y^ lamp.
£fy«% stove.
The kitchen.
», u $ftnp pitcher.
tVL pail-
Z&pif ladle.
uiiHuit dish.
lifiutfy plate. .
q,*»y[,intfi»*i0 soup- tureen.
uiqffuAmSmi salad-dis/i.
tt"'L spoon.
uttuutiun.utputn IOrk.
q-u/istufy knife.
tuii&bn-ntj napkin.
A*Aar cork.
fug,,*, cork-screw.
(twtttuff glass.
t^iuutuf^ cup.
£u,j,,.. p ~s~\ sugar-famn.
upjCtu^nAfjC coffee-pot.
$un.ntiitniufy tea-kettle*
p-kjwtTu/u tea-pot.
utf$u^iMtif,ui saucer.
12. n—»*M+ I— b^it*- Food and drink.
//Lpuifruf, victuals, meat.
»Jitt$t.%q. t nLtnbjjig food.
iu%op-ni-p-[n.% hunger.
*M*% pfi hungry.
tnuputL. thirst, — y.
«f«*-«r meal.
p,,L r & chops.
*l%A%f beef.
$n r p&%f, veal.
fu,,^/, pork.
funafi utu^nt.^»ut baCOn.
kpztk sausage.
Digitized by
Google
112
Appendix.
% ut fuu**u*2_ breakfast.
tf««^ dinner.
t^Prhp supper.
<?««# bread. £»*-/» water.
p-mpjr $u,# new bread.
<»/?*{ $u. s stale bread.
Jf" meat.
usp^i$»%w^ broth.
^«^»^ i#« boiled-meat.
p-uA, <«if<iY SOUp.
««fc»i£^74ir sweets.
Jfrptf fuint-q^ fruit.
^$$»putf. butter.
Jiu^n^% clotted milk.
tyuA/ip cheese.
cp^^ifi drink.
^V wine.
H-utpklnt-p beer.
^4 1 »/>" game.
^u,i.kqi% poultry.
i««-^ fish.
lai.$MM^bq_ omelet.
f iu/biu tp lrqk% vegetables.
^tfp, i« t egg.
$lr r J^iC vermicelli.
iss»^ua%t^kf dessert.
iijquiQn*.%ii- f jputguip cake.
±-l_ pastry.
l^pJoq^ punch.
j,Jm%lnu P lemonade.
miH.pj*, fa^MMi*, chocolate.
4>»p- milk.
"*t cream.
unuprt coffee.
p-hj tea.
um.^ j£ wm-%*l to take
coffee.
13. *~r-t«f. Time.
kqu&ml[ season.
^.uspnt% spring.
utjutm. summer.
«»£fft.fe autumn.
lAm. winter.
—t[> year.
qy a utJfu half-year.
utjfcu month.
^ft^p-t kop%ki*4 week.
^/t«^ J£ «««.*»£ a week ago.
*r day. bk"o P noon, mid-day.
M4»*b evening.
"VZff'LW morning-twilight.
4£pl™l-j u evening-twilight.
^mkukm L ©/»£ the following.
day.
j- u,f hour.
ffr* J-u,f half an hour.
j,u*m.a t q. j-uiS quarter of an
hour.
£u Ur t ( lru.'b minute.
kpf^uyrfkuA second.
\iu,qufi.^ % %-p $u. r fi New A«""M Easter
year's day.
r>u, e ki i k% tt u.% Carnival.
IP**- *)«•<<>£ Lent.
\F U iq4us f u. n Palm-Sunday.
t,u»jfLu tv l„t_J % Ascension-
Day.
\jAM*.%q. Christmas.
^mpk^mfl anniversary.
1 The names of the months and days are given in the
20 th lesson.
Digitized by
Google
Selection of useful words.
113
14. Ore The weather.
<w£ wind.
JfrH storm.
tuhiftirt. rain.
&[,. ,»&,»% rain-bow.
««#Y cloud.
npnmnt.tr thunder.
frnjiiutl lightning.
tntup t — M.p-frt.% heat.
tjnt.pui COld.
f»itinbfitiunJrini.p-fit5s tempera-
ture.
prnJlnitutft thermometer.
tunm/tiCinft degree.
irntrtutT frOSt.
n tun. ice.
<*/«.*' snow.
iftAj, ^luinf,^ snow-flake.
AfnJiitutf.ttLhut snow-ball.
ntu$iuifiyl[ t n^^l skates.
l^li^'L to skate.
fLnufpfin sled.
ff,u n^num hail.
'%+> •$?*-& fog, mist.
mun^ttu^iu^ thaW.
gonbnfrwtT hoar-frOSt.
15. ii r Jl-*-[i^X . Instruction.
c t ,,,,ni, l nn»p lt ,% university.
f!iuiiin[non»i.p-fn% lecture.
nLitnLgfe professor, teacher.
nt.niufinn^ stlldent.
nt.ttnL.3fi tun tuli College.
t"iv n d school.
ni^tu^lrnin pupil.
$ r ,..$,t/i, a exercise.
n.tuu t ^tutHun lesson.
p^iunt^tliu%nt.pjtCii transla-
tion.
pu*n-tuniuu dictionary.
m gtrpu»^uAint.p-^t!u grammar.
outfit; uttufumtulf slate.
^utnk trfJL slate-pencil.
ifiumfiin pencil.
t/tnututiutyiu£ pencil-case.
*rti u k'"L pen-holder.
n-ntumuajuutuiii black-board.
f r » L f,tC chalk.
niant-%a- sponge.
p &(,[&, n%,u L port-folio.
^gtuuut^ ruler.
Elementary Armenian Grammar.
it, 2^1 tupping n jtj map.
tuiuintC£% t opfflituh COpV.
onfrwtflri^ tO COpy.
utfrsnn.utf COpy-book.
a-ftiutnfrtnn Writing-book.
ttp writing.
Jlr[uiu 9 p-us'fiiup ink.
fntnu, tuft I £ n J Lg | ;an( J >
Itr tuft i tip tu tluitt I
tvbt. pen.
pnt-nfr paper.
&&nt-% p-nt.np blotting-pa-
per.
«JI*lb penknife.
iitutfitify letter.
inntfu t utntfiiiulf note, ticket.
%iuJiulftup-nt.np^ note-paper.
^tuugk address.
luiu^tuniuit envelope.
ffl'fip seal.
ifi. % piu%2b»»c wafer.
pipuit/ntr sealing-wax.
p-nP-iuif-nn^tT stamp.
Digitized by
Google
114 Appendix.
16. n r »*.(.-^-.^~ r xt P . Artisans.
^.kfXmli tailor. t-uMpppt, lock-smith.
\o^u»^wf shoemaker. npu%usn.f*p bricklayer.
ilsujCuiM.utffuA merchant. ^uJuspusp book-binder.
^putijuitfiutt- bookseller. utpm-h'uutuif.k— artist.
—•1-tpfrl_ printer. M"rA*L painter.
uwfofa barber. ^pu*p nj j- surgeon.
%utnusti&$*»^uph- joiner. u*u$ui$&uip»yj- dentist.
$£«." carpenter. u^^ul^^ph^ coppersmith.
^*t«/»^ baker. iifrupu fisher.
Jlus^uiiCwm. butcher. e*M physician.
^uJly^^ufu money-changer. fc«/i_*»««»^ sailor.
j-u.Jwi.uphr watchmaker. nu k k tbL goldsmith.
^usn-usususii coachman. Jpa.usi[u»i£usH- green-grocer.
fuinuayusMu miller. %u^uipiu»fui'£u»M- grocer.
p-ilfJusu'uM^mu. stationer. u&, l u t %ua.up banker.
II. Synopsis of the Declensions of Ancient
Armenian Nouns.
As the student of modern Armenian will often
meet in books with forms of nouns derived from the
ancient declensions, it has been thought advisable to
append here a synoptical table of the declensions of
ancient nouns.
There are twelve regular declensions.
First Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. h«a word. fwfc* words.
Gen., Dat. fWb£. p"**^.
Ace. ifwfc.i Tp>,u%«.
Abl. f » fwH- I p-^h-
Inst. |wty-. piu%l-+.
1 s^ followed by a consonant is pronounced ex* Dut m
case the noun begins with a vowel, it forms no separate syl-
lable.
8 In nouns beginning with a vowel 1» is substituted by 6-
Digitized by
Google
Synopsis of the Declensions of Ancient Armen. Nouns. 115
Second Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. ^Lfquig city. 4l«»uhp+ % cities.
Gen., Dat. ^-»iy»pi* ^—q^ip—^.
Ace. i£u»iu*g. i^tuifuig*.*
Abl. i ^""pipl" I 4^""n'if m *f
InSt. *£*—l«»e~- • +£uiyitq»0+.
Third Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. d*-"** hour. d*""K hours.
Gen., Dat. <jw«t/i~. &u,Jl- 9 .
AcC. i$+ufT. ifruit/-.
Abl. f «h««/t. f fr-A-v
Inst, friuifc-. d+uttfiK-i.
Fourth Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. q^«i river. <\*bu,+ rivers.
Gen., Dat. t*m-j. <h*""»:f
ACC. •#»*«». ^Jt**-.
Abl. £ «h*«"v f ^-t-j.
InSt. <\*buim^. <\*&Utmfe.
Fifth Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. hlfiqtst church. hk^i^sh churches.
Gen., Dat. bf*?*9*-v b$*2*yt— $•
Ace. ifri&q&gp. iM*i*#A»*
Abl. jbt*q*3—y jb$*?*#l— •> •
Inst, bf*ff£l>«» -• bf*7*jt^
1 When the formative •£ is preceded by f-» I and *. an
unaccented euphonic t is inserted in the pronunciation, as:
-»fj nation, ««^f# (= «#^ c ^) nations; ^«A«4 army, fWiu»f*
(= pc^u,^) aimies; .|>'»?«v» city, #-i*>#* (= I'-'fn&iO cities.
* In case the formative U is preceded by any of the con-
sonants, an unaccented euphonic t is inserted in the pronun-
ciation, as: *fkm river, ifhmm (= p^qbui L u) rivers (Ace).
6"
Digitized by
Google
116 Appendix.
Sixth Declension.
Singular. Plural
Nom. ty'tfr {fripap) little (one). ♦'*£—** little (ones).
Gen., Dat. $>«£—. 4>^-- *j.
ACC. l&'lgP' l£ilgm-\».
Abl. J $>«£— t (== f'tflk)' i ♦*8^"* *:>•
Inst. 4>^—. 4>«£— «*}**•
Seventh Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. ^#& (= <l«£fc) foundation. A^- 1 * foundations.
Gen., Dat. 4^- ;K- 1 ?-
Ace. ^41. ^-/i-X-.
Abl. f A^H- J 4^V
Inst. AM^f • A^'p*.
Eighth Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. «!•«"** (=* . • •£>') lamb. «|.i**4 x * lambs.
Gen., Dat. »i^#«.^. <|.a,«.~x.,.
ACC. ifrutnl*. i^ui^JX*.
Abl. £ «b«.«.~H. J «|— .«Aj.
Inst. «|.«««.— £• <!•«»«.— >f+ .
^Tiwtt Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. p>u,p n i.pfiL% goodness. fnupnip-fubt (goodnesses).
Gen., Dat. r>u.p U t.p-±m\ . ^^mi.^t'-.Xj, .
Ace. x^u»fn»i.p-^L% . * t p>,up,$i.pfri.%-.
Abl. £ Hu7.m_pi.it. . J f> u , i ,..i.p-lJi v .
Inst. f>-p—-p-l>~S£. f>wpaL.p-^~ff.+ .
Tenth Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. n«fo» (— • •••/!!») bone. n^tr* bones.
Gen., Dat. n»^r- n^r? or iHh"-:>*
Ace. tfHsr* ifMl-r--
Abl. jfHM-* jlHta or jd»bh m *-
Inst, rHhrP' iMlrP* or iHtr"*
Digitized by
Google
Irregular Declensions.
117
Eleventh and Twelfth Declensions.
Proper nouns
of men. of women.
Singular.
Nom. U^'««^ Adam.
Gen., Dat. u^ify.
Ace. tlW""^
Abl. j\\f»'K-j.
Inst. U7..WI-.
Wpt^%k Armineh.
Irregular Declensions.
First Declension.
Singular.
Nom. U«//» man.
Gen., Dat. u«-fc (= «/«yifc).
Ace. ija,//*.
Abl. jll«>'£.
Inst. U/"*"^-
Plural.
Wpp men.
Second Declension.
Singular.
Plural
Nom. i'Y/r father.
4**7^ fathers.
Gen., Dat. 4«y
4"w
Ace. «l4'w
i£ •"/"'•
Abl. f 4°/*-
f 4"w
Inst. 4"77«*
^wpup.
Third Declension.
Singtdar. Plural.
Nom. *£«//» sister.
Gen., Dat. .££«-.
Ace. v£w
Abl. f **«.*.
Inst. <£tr r p.
^»np sisters.
Digitized by
Google
118 Appendix.
Fourth Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. m>% woman. ^mfrmy^ women.
Gen., Dat. M*-£- i|~%~Vy.
ACC. tM^- t£m.%~jm.
Abl. I MWfc. i U~l~is
Inst. *«&««£. it*%~jfe.
Fiftii Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. I'ht village. ^h'-i^ villages.
Gen., Dat. ^qt- chits'
Ace. tJ^f &/'*-q?'
Abl. f ^^- i +hitd-
InSt. 1*/l*-qfi<-. ^.f,uq^Lg.
Sixth Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. Op day. U*-**/^ days.
Gen., Dat. u«-««-/». U«-««-/v
Ace. iJ)/»« ilV-*"-/*'"
Abl. jO/*- jU"»w
Inst. u«.#f*.^t . u > <-*"-/7*^? .
Seventh Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. 8^«- (= -H_) day(-time). Sh# day(-time)s.
Gen., Dat. S" t -c it £biu% . s» t -a^^ UJ% ^ -
Ace. ^*.. i£l«-»-
Abl. t ^fr^' J 8»*-&& t »%3.
Inst. %*L£?l>llru,Jp . s—-&£ if U iJflg.
Eighth Declension.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. ii/i**.*^^ Oriental. ^p^^it'v^ Orientals
Gen., Dat. Qj»**.A£. v . m Le tt.ir i t*yg .
ACC. iSlpbLbibuy. TJXpLt-Jr/Luyu .
Abl. jUff**-*/t.«/. j\X r ti.ir l iriuj^ .
Inst. iv^^""-« IV^^/f^'
Digitized by
Google
Phrases for Armenian Conversation. 119
III. Phrases for Armenian Conversation.
1.
Salutations.
On meeting in the morning, fioy/l L uj„ , Good morn-
ing, the answer to which is i\««««.*-«f ^u V ffi, % The bless-
ing of God.
In the middle of the day, p>u*pbu kb^. The answer
is the same as above.
On meeting in the evening, H«7^ fi r ^»i.% t Good
evening. Reply as above.
At parting, the person who leaves says, fT^"ig /»"-
/»«£, Good by, Farewell. Answer, ft«yr£a»f. or hpp-"ig /*•"/"»£•
On separating in the evening, *hfo_fy /m«/»^< Good
night. Answer, ^%_ or <**^ LV P'tI 1 or Sty £*'7- * h l_-
Returning after an absence one is greeted with
fW/>^ blfiup or ^t"if f Welcome. Reply, fr"*rfi u,k ulu %p.
Give my compliments ... is expressed by 6«7»f- w fy'-
%L r $.... t or p.#«/tfr«- cjpH or pp£p"> The person who is
to convey them assumes the responsibility by saying
l/f""-" fay t and acquits himself of it, when he meets
the person to whom the greetings are sent, by saying,
...kb^fLiUfb,. iffik or »«ty, to which the other replies
C%it(t$"'i"'i_ LJ* f Thanks, or h>r4 n q_ pty n qa n-— ""wfi or
nnf_ bhr%iuj .
At the beginning of the new year, £*"»/»$ w *--p *'"/»
,niu r f, f A happy new year. Answer, u*""^^ ^- ->»»~
ntfttbnnu ^untai$b t Or (\t/Mlr tntunft atunnJ ^uii/irAp •
At OhriStmaS, "£%»np^tuunfi hr%nubt^. , Or *fiffiuutn h%tut.
bu juijinitbijiut.. AnSWer, 0/ , ^^ r ^°*/_ ^ h^int&ifit *fl(ifiautnufi .
At Easter and for forty days after, *fy/««#»»" j«^««.
/, Mrn-bgng, Christ is risen from tJw dead. Answer, Op$~
%h,u L k jH>p»i.pfii%% f^«/n»»»/, Blessed be the resurrection
of Christ.
2.
K°fc^ «£_%^. What have you?
^fipg «£ «*.ty«r. I have a book.
fir ttapa —^hg* What book have you?
Hhp tfrflpc. n^'frf* I have your book.
trftu nL*bf? u . Hast thou my pen?
Digitized by
Google
120
Appendix.
fl/* trim ut &b u *
*ftut%p ifusmhtn $$i%hp .
\fptjiti. Juauwhut nt%hiP»
fl^/ n.*u%utL Jju i$t%k.
^I'ftlf*** fyuspJjifi Xjt tip i»t.%h .
\ffhn Liu iP £"/"' auinhhuttT »l«.
U*/"! ^««w ^^^ ^'
\\u»pta*i£ Ifuuuljjj* •
11*/ ?• 'b'l&cbk ""n"^ "*£_ ^"'s
friuutuhufu ^—u HLUbnuft. •
U*£o- tttnitn Jtt at-%£u •
^uA*pp% iu£_ f'lFfy 6«
UL^Cr^ £^*^* f-UM%trp n$uju,
\\u»p- f n *.ugp.
hpt S-tihgt #bt_ ■£ «»«^^
nY H^ ♦'-me**
No, I have not th}' pen.
What pen hast thou?
I have my pen.
Is it not mine?
No, it is not thine.
How many pencils have
you?
I have two pencils.
Who has a knife?
My brother has a sharp
knife.
What has thy father.
He has a red horse.
How many friends have
you?
I have three or four friends.
3.
Have you any bread?
Yes, I have a piece of bread.
Is the bread good?
Yes, it is very good.
Have you also some butter?
No, I have no butter.
Will you have some butter?
If you please.
Has that little boy also
any bread?
No, he has none.
Has he had bread enough?
He had a large piece.
Is the cheese also good.
I do not find it good.
Will you have some milk?
Give me some, if you please.
Who wants some milk?
The children want some
milk.
Have you any wine?
Yes, I have some.
Digitized by
Google
Phrases for Armenian Conversation. 121
1»**^_ inb.n.tff nfrf, « L ^, What kind of wine have
you?
p.£ l i ,u r ifl v hu pg rthpJiulf We have both red and
f/fc/i >ii3iPig. white wine.
^mrfiulf Jj, ^p,^ (V.^^. AVill you have a bottle of
wine?
l\'t-t i^iT »t-jb(i. No, I will not.
<\*p,p, iuyk% fe ^m%l*p. Do you find the wine good?
\u[,nut ufgQ £. It is not very good.
<\*,„ L ,„p *'/> £_»^r (fn^uiufp ft,*. Will you give me a glass
of water?
U<J,#/ ^maup- Jfe i^4_h^V 9 Here is a glass of fresh
water.
4.
h**'L h"V" % 3"'-8ke • What have you lost?
^utnlfu f{„p„%g nL 0f, . I have lost my purse.
tt" t L'P" A Jfc i»r"\t nt &' Who has lost anything?
[-*,„(, b ty,, j;, p,„% jj, t r ,p,,%y,„ #. My friend has lost some-
thing.
b***L t»r"*'&"L#- What has he lost?
1%/f t n., t n,,,'i,f. t h faphtyni-jy. He has lost his ring?
AY. Jiuu9,u%$ Jp 7 .mmc. Who has found a ring?
Uj" t b">pvbk ""H"** «/"""«"V' "£ This little boy found a
Mf-mtuu . ring.
U> &h K p .HuinuAfi £. Is that your ring?
\Xj» f frf Jt»uiu,%fi» k> Yes, that is my ring.
^ n t[u$%n 9 » uihuiJ 3 ^ k^» Have you seen my um-
brella?
l\'t_, pmjg ibp $,,t/i»injnjfc No, but I have seen your
uibuuitr hJ*. parasol.
b°*'i_ t^'^akp- What have you bought?
4tti. *z, p—-iP t^^sh I have bought some paper.
y%^ Ulh, " uf i p—-i& t^'^skf What sort of paper have
you bought?
\ % ,n,nuf it upn Lrj p t^'^&f" I have bought some letter
paper.
(\ r t?i. ^u,Jiup ^b 9 f, v ii-j%. For whom have you bought
it?
lfo/f« ^mJiup fblfffi i»»ji'* I have bought it for my
mother.
Digitized by
Google
122
Appendix.
ft/""- O-tufukgfy* Ahp tnnt%£>
qu$fh
^ op bnpopu utn l%ji o- utpt bgji .
Have you sold your horse?
Yes, I have sold it.
To whom have you sold
your house?
\pkp tnAbj.. *\*ln. to-ut/uWiy* Our house? We have not
yet sold it.
"What have you sold then ?
I have sold my uncle's
house.
Have you received a letter ?
Yes, I have received a
letter.
From whom have you re-
ceived the letter?
I have received it from my
niece.
5.
IXjuop tntruufe ibp piupkfruJp. Did you see your friend
to-day?
\\pJk* uutustfui^t liusiluife.
fluty/? J-uitfisignjg JJfii k •
No, I did not see him to-
day.
Did you see him yesterday ?
Yes, I saw him yesterday.
Who saw Edward's watch?
I did not see it.
Is it a gold watch?
\\'l> '»e±'«p J -'»* n »&*ua '£*' £ • No, it is a silver watch.
fr—Jtugujgfc LiP tu j J i^ ,u l Has he also a watch chain?
Hj/,, uutf uiPwj Jfc «i.%f*. Yes, he has a gold chain.
6.
Are you hungry?
Yes, I am hungry.
Are you thirsty?
Yes, we are thirsty.
\iptui-ni3tg u*.%ffe p-k ufofcpw*. Are you right or wrong?
**•
IpH^ fam f. P u*i.,,u%£ ,i*&f,%g . We are always right.
\j*wpuft- kg.
Digitized by
Google
Phrases for Armenian Conversation.
123
nY. —i/ft"**- £/»• Who was wrong?
Wiuitf&putf, ui%fo,*i. kp* The pupil was wrong.
SvfPtL «* to PF ** Pk *-—r«"- • Are the children hungry
or thirsty?
\\%,,ip p-k M%op[> h% pH They are both hungry and
&,u C usu . thirsty.
S.utftttLfi'r, piu % Jp tihfuhr fir*%. Have they not eaten any-
thing yet?
They have eaten a small
bit of bread.
Who has eaten my apple?
Alice has eaten it.
\\miiftjt Jp $"*g t^bpiub- b%
htli Anna ,
FA-
7.
Do you know this gentle-
man?
No, I do not know him.
Who is he?
He is a foreigner.
Is he an Armenian or a
Greek?
He is neither Armenian nor
Greek; he is an Italian.
Does he speak Armenian?
\\n T^uA^huFn »»»§'' upupnhp .
Qtnuinutfiiii'b api$ £.
4"& * p-t-Gy*"
lWf» u^ ^iuj k f »L 67/*' •
\ktnuMiiunh tffib U •
Z,"yb pk^' typ faouJP.
Wj», £*»*. $iujh P lfr fe farf. Yes, he speaks Armenian
well.
U>^A r $% ,u L fa faoufr. Does he also speak Eng-
lish?
*£fe Jp fa /uonf, . He speaks a little.
Orf">rr » f»u tu , l kpk'i' fc <w«#~ Do you understand Italian,
%uTp. Miss?
U j" t e—jd Juoub^t. jw£niz*u~ Yes, but I have not the
tfn^p/n.'hp i^Aifrf. facility of speaking it.
^m-ppbpk'i* fa »*»[p[q> J-f Are you learning Turkish?
U«/"> inifl* km u »'[pI iJ% It* Yes, I am learning it.
8.
\Xjuop p%t *• What day is to-day?
Wj«op hr l r^i^>FPt* £• To-day is Monday.
Upnisp b% ^ffLuif/ Jfuu o* Which are the other days
pbpp<
of the week?
Digitized by
Google
124
Appendix.
\f*pp J-iutitu%ka yOX ^utuiuuj
Jibp ^opknpopnpn.h'u •
Wi'fity*" tuliQbu»l__ f\t-pputjtJ- tfiu*
iTutktrn •
zrePh
Wjuott uti/una.% outuplt £ •
H^uofl utu*u%kt-Jktjit £ •
\tpkh uwuau%kt-^uptip^ £&p •
Tuesday , Wednesday ,
Thursday, Friday, Sa-
turday and Sunday.
When did your cousin ar-
rive ?
He arrived last Friday.
When will he go away?
Next Tuesday.
What day of the month is
it to-day?
To-day it is the sixteenth.
Was it not the fourteenth
yesterday?
I t> e g your pardon, it was
the fifteenth.
"£%iip^iMiList£ ir$P t ptAum tint.
jfUUMQUMJ .
{Cptt ut t 4£ Uu, a u ip*
1»»* # /» tfpfutth bit _pji tuts tut* •
\^i»t/npuiptttp nt-fif-p tfttttf* bit
oit $Mt% ttt it*
\f'lP"UPt klL •tfi' u 'uutj utut^utt-ji% •
\\tuph-htT btuih- 4*
frutifp t guthf?ft% ^ '£//£/» •
ki. im/ittn-p J-ittJp Jb-uh'lt •
l| "*-'[}%£* ^kutu %ut^uuttCtttybt .
"£uttn tuifbjiu If p , tupq.l/u %$u*,
ptutjfkutjtuhr btT*
How did you sleep last
night?
Thank you, I slept very
well.
How long did you sleep?
I slept seven hours.
How long do you sleep?
I usually sleep eight hours.
Is your brother still sleep-
ing?
I believe that he is up.
At what o'clock do you
get up?
I get up at seven o'clock
in winter; and at six
o'clock in summer.
Will you breakfast with
. me?
You are very kind ; I have
already breakfasted.
Digitized by
Google
Phrases for Armenian Conversation.
125
10.
Opbpn ifpp lutflfiitubpfiiujii bu •
Wi/iiin^p t Qnt-ubii iuifii ttt-tuh uhf*
\\°pn h uiuipiit-tuii iutlh%iubpt[iuji»
Qnt.%ftii g>tnii%bpt[tii.np •
Qjhn.nt.iuii opbpp p %£tu£u b% •
\\iuplf it'll •
\*iiff *fl*l^P^'^Pll /^'£'Y^** ^' *
\uhtiin bpbiuiu b% •
$iiipnt.tun u%2_ tpufi'P* fdfiu ljiuj .
giupbu uiiuulibpbnu lutlhti ttt.ufi .
^JuiiluA u%f_ t piu%p > op %"{/•
)^tfpiiubpt;% mfiulip Ov) op iil*.
% bu f nt.phjiibp % q\ •/» • <|>^"»"^-
pnt.iupp ilhiuj% 28 o/f ntSift •
When are the days longest ?
In summer, in the month
of June.
Which is the longest day
in the year?
The 22 nd of June.
How are the days in winter ?
They are short.
And how are the nights?
They are very long.
How many months are
there in a year?
A year has twelve months.
How many days are there
in a month?
Some months have 30,
others 31 days ; February
has only 28.
11.
\?l'&i ll^ / 4/A'*'/p^ r H**i'£_ A"""*""-
a*
ib«
\unuutiuniut. hu& "yfl^lj*! it"
nil nop tiunfp tniuiilipu •
I 1 /* pttmutiii.i/p lum^un »
He/''.
fruiifp inuiutibu bLiuL. Jibn.
Ztfi?"- J-tuJp muitifihn burnt. .
|_ ii% in n'li ku" blfinh- uuiifiuli tip
Ulllt-lUt-
piA.
\itutfiutfp » r |. -£•,[, gn^p tfp tutu*
pnubtuht^p .
Wj" f bnpbifb fufiuin tyiupbt.iip
tnt.pbp tin luuipnuuiut^l^p •
<\*u*nm%[(p tlp% k-
p_ub L Ibn^.
What did the Englishman
promise you yesterday?
He promised to call upon
me at ten o'clock to-day.
Did he keep his promise?
Yes, he did.
Was he with you at ten
o'clock?
He came punctually at ten
o'clock.
What did he want?
He gave me a letter from
London.
Did the letter contain any
news?
Yes, it contained some im-
portant news.
Is it a secret?
No, I can tell it to you, it
you wish it.
Digitized by
Google
126
Appendix.
12.
a. tt riiLiiuiu*
\^tntit.a.At. t ntuuusLusu
L* tuft Jin truls •
l^tttfutun^ IfdukfLg •
J|2_| ^btnu ±ut.%kfl*
\%%£t?t- ^LuiLpufe ^u$tm
tt
U*£ jut
\tpp utn*.%&* JIttjuhytuj , pl/iut-
ut%Apkt- fkp tnbqtup .
^tPblt *%L *un-»»%a $ttt[utit»t,ft
tntitfutfu k£jtr£nc ±k •
Quw p-pfnt-tnbr £^» .
f^ii£tipuu^flit p-pfat-tub- btT.
ItfltufS $ptM*Jg%b L Ib^ fiS <J«~
tltu%itiiu .
£% a n^tuLtu £tt t. p-kuttif. tt^iutft
jAtf.tti.1tji if* uu>jb •
\j*iiistb-tssii£ Lfc tnhu%l£j» •
iT» ™j»> F % l * ht &abk *•
f) t.p h% u, 1^iUp_ ♦
^tulftt b% .
\\9ut^bfiut%bftp tft-p b% •
*\*tufirr£jit tf% •
tyfrpk *utnttjtm[i b^tuh- £.
ll*/"! u^uttym Jjt_ ftputhr £.
\j*utnpubiLn tf-uttstL. •
Do you feel cold?
Yes, I feel cold. I tremble
with cold.
Where do you come from?
I come from the concert.
Why are you so wet?
I have been made wet by
the rain.
Does it rain then?
Certainly, it rains rather
fast.
Had you no umbrella?
No, I had none with me.
Why did you not take one
with you, when you left
home?
When I left home, it did
not rain at all.
In April one should not go
out without an umbrella.
Are you very wet?
I am wet through and
through.
May i offer you my um-
brella?
I will accept it with thanks.
Do you see the rain-bow?
Ah! yes, how beautiful
it is!
Where are the children?
They are in the yard.
Where are the pupils?
They are at school.
Has Phebe been out for a
walk?
Yes, she has taken a walk.
Who was with her?
Her aunt was with her.
Did she find any flowers?
Digitized by
Google
Phrases for Armenian Conversation.
127
^ttttn ututntLytu
2 ft/ n-uttut, •
rtjuft. .
tip £nt5tb.
tfpit tuf m
%kp>
She found many violets.
Has she not had a rose?
Yes, she had a rose too.
13.
{^UttUptul^lUUp ^UtUUtL. (Or J~*—*-
uurtih**n] •
Wj"f fy^t ^tUUUIt..
*{*tu%ip ttttatuutuunp ttt.ii ft •
\jpttnL. LtutP Antra ^uttn ttt^ip,
\*ifutu%p tttrtjuttfh- £ .
<\*bn. Jlrljuiuh- ^k *
\?pp tufcutfc Jblfhft .
l^Jf'lC. ivftmf' Jhtfuft .
frtutfp jt utit ff pi tu/tutfi Jhtflift.
fruttfp nt-tHtSii .
thie. V h vP ,u j f-r*
^•fit-in n-nbtuu ttdtp»
\ujiutn l^l^gl*^ H-nbtulf tfgt ttt%ft
Has the stranger arrived?
Yes, he arrived yesterday.
How many servants has he?
He has two or tree.
Has the prince gone away?
He has not yet set off.
When will he leave?
He will go away to-morrow.
At what o'clock will he set
out?
At 8 o'clock.
Where is he going?
He t*5 gotwy into the country.
Has he a castle in the coun-
try?
He has a very beautiful
castle there.
14.
^pbtf-tulfp Jtfh- &.
\otitiui Jkh- £• hphpl^u ftuu
tut.htji abb- k\ •
ljit.it ffc% ttt^ bpt^pl^li tftrb £.
P)>«l ^ tuuttin.au up , "PHrFP /'•*'*■
%k» tuub/ft Jhh k.
*fLw%[? tntuphfytu % tp, QutJJiift.
§iuuuanLat. tmupbLtum trtT»
\*1P"yC1- J*"'* ^ utiitphbittu £ •
*f*ttts/it tntuphhtuh £»
1? />/* h^luuh- £ •
\tfffifytu h%iuh- £ ^tuatttp ttt-jt)-
^iunht.u troft9-tuututit$t.% bu
pup QitL%nt.tup tnutuupti •
n> op.
Is the sun large?
It is very large; it is much
larger than the earth.
Is the moon also larger
than the earth?
On the contrary, the earth
is larger than the moon.
How old are you, Joseph?
I am 12 years old.
How old is your brother?
He is 20 years old.
When was he born?
He was born on the tenth
of January 1879.
On what day?
On the 26 th of May.
Digitized by
Google
128
Appendix.
15.
Q'V usn-iub- £ iILptuutu •
Qphttpn. \%jfiatu utn-tuOr £ '/'"A
jyvAlrA n.uitssb- jl; •
Qtrpfivp ft%&. ifcnfu t^ttt- muut .
ZiSM7ft0t.it} biuJp • my
ui^titutun.
H-
X^nuq^p putb Jjp bsuntri*
fl/u/P fyiupbj_ u,u[ptstjt$ig .
Who has taken my scissors ?
Miss Eliza has taken them.
Why has she taken them?
She has not found her own.
Will j'ou lend me 3 r ours?
With pleasure; here they
are.
Do you want your thimble?
Yes, I want it.
Will you sew anything?
I will sew some shirts.
From whom have you learnt
to sew?
From a seamstress.
16.
(^ttrtttt- yuan ptuii ttultfogf •
H«/"f pi* l» lilt- 1UIMI ULtuit iti%jfl*n •
£%£r£itL. asijiipusu ^piu^u/fttx. £'##<-«.
It or It Ufa tlhytn .
\\n$hihiiiL. puin-hp uii iu.%ffji .
|) ut/tc it. At. 1 £c #*£_ «^6 ib uu t-
Itn'hut h p ^ututfuutt utn.us'Un
put ix.tr p uinJptrittt, ,
\\Jku op otubU* putn. unJpbm.
/«»*- kj!'
Q\tuntun-tubknt;% Luthnn.iF utXh t
\f pp.tr 3b 15 4^» ouuttt * ftp*.
p trait gut ututfifc .
Have you much to do?
Yes, we have a great deal
to do.
Have you always so many
exercises to do?
Not always.
Have you also any words
to learn?
Certainly, we can under-
stand no language with-
out learning words.
How many words have you
to learn every day?
It depends on circumstan-
ces. Sometimes 15 to 20,
sometimes also more.
17.
ti'«<.£43? <JA«t« t^utnjut Jp jAb L Will you take a walk with
<ifiJu*. me now?
ty, giu^f op Auiaufbuiti £««_.. I am sorry, I have no time
%^tT $fcJ!u . now.
Digitized by
Google
Phrases for Armenian Conversation. 129
&»zk {bp£ Vf'-'&p $ htnu Will you take a walk with
iyuttyu, Jp pi*b L . me after dinner?
Z^iutfni-pir.uJf., i^y^ tunXkin*. Willingly, I shall come for
mfiuif, ^.uir. you.
fr,„.q, ^ w %f>/r% ,yf,u,f. tg.i*ip. At what o'clock will you
come?
^«'^ 4^0^ •gbl. #/"«& 'i/""fi I shall come a little after
fu#f/\ six o'clock.
hc^k n p» A ^* m 'Y u "Z/ m ^ ( or With whom did you take
ypfcu^ujnt.p-btsSi.) b^up. a walk yesterday?
^bn_ nc ^i-nj» $bu>. With my nephew.
^bn^npif-fif. if.bn. ^Jhlfj.hjjn?^ . Has your nephew not yet
left?
fl'^_, i»%Miv <J»*» 4 m#«f#« t ^. No, he is still here.
b>/* ttfwf, Jbfrf,. When will he set out?
\\%»r Jbifub^t. o/f/i n P n^»u, u ^ The day of his departure
lk wfrut-p" is not yet fixed.
hvh"ii % rt'»'Q'»r't»'-Pf 1 '-*' ' r n Will he make a long jour-
ttftnfi p%i?. n©y?
W'ttf./f,,, , ti f,u,f,rti4*i/f'„(f^kq>[tit''b~ He will travel in France,
n,yl> Jk£ l*- uifiu,^ ijbpii^ and will not be back
if.Mnj*i*y ifyitjbt. brfni- nn/pit . again for two months.
18.
Qgp nftutbp pk —-p k <ttn~ Do you not know where
fuiup^u. my hat is?
l\'t, £b J* T f.i»b r . No, I do not.
\}ty,un,»t_»pp u/bnp ##*./» p_iu u ul Does the servant know
^««r, where it is?
\\% u»i_ib tfmbp. He does not know either.
\\uSbfuu*L. $tup 9 »i. s [q> frpb% . Have you asked him al-
ready?
Z i i»un.'i,< u ! lu Sb k ««Y«»«»t<>^ ffi- Perhaps the maid-servant
—k . knows.
\\u,pb[[, £ „p tfcutk , 4><uiiib •«- It is possible that she does,
%f»l itu Jiugpbg Zbp ub%biufc . because she has cleaned
your room.
z*iu*b 9 k.g k ,u% &L iffyc* Call her, please.
h°*L hn $r mJ ke* Sfy- What is your pleasure, Sir?
H%.p ^.puih- k^p fifi'tupta* Where have you put my
hat?
Elementary Armenian Grammar. 9
Digitized by
Google
130 Appendix.
l t uM%^.kplufun a p itpusb biT. I have put it in the ward-
robe.
to e &% Jt£. In which?
l\j» ^w € ytt'el»ft'»alh «#£• In this wardrobe.
Z,f,Jiu $»% ik"\r Ts it no longer there?
£«#}««.«-/& £t?«yt'gwj $»*> . I have not yet looked there.
flV 4 pisAa.^. ,?<. r wu.lt Where is the key? Where
4/? *_"*/*• have you put it?
<\*s*Jk% ^afuush^ *«r. I have hung it on the
nail.
Z,»% 4.u/un<., u ± t±. It is not hanging there.
^u*r /&(«»&- aiP u l" L £«*#»*#&• Then it must have fallen
down.
EL^mmlm*^ . There it lies.
Aj^ts nL 3^g* k P* km $' u *ke- Pick it up, if you please.
19.
fl*i rf 1 ^ (or k tu "'Uu) '"J" Who has built this house?
o| . XPh&v «**""■*' «ftfc • A certain Mr. Miiller.
Ufc/lf «« u&lu?Jp fc pifuttfi u*%»p Does he inhabit it him-
*L* self?
n'^, us%l,uJp if fAtu^p **%,>(, No, he does not live in it
Jkf_. himself.
flV fe t&H't/' »ipbM. Where does he live then?
fl*-rA2_ *b n m'9 *£ he fi" u hb* He lives in another street.
IHfAz. "" ,t ^V "*-^» Has he any other hous-
es?
Wj»t b vkg —»l1* »*&/>• Yes, he has three houses.
4«Y,*ft.««i 4* Is he rich?
Ujfc^*" Ve»M t p»yy tkjr They say so; but I do not
^utLiutnutp . believe it.
1y ♦£*£ V m wt ( or "fc£ Is his wife still living?
D'^, An.u*± £. No, she is dead.
£uiu,i¥%y Jkn.uih k* Is it long since she died?
hpkg w*»rt *««.«/£ Mtikiul. . She died three years ago.
\>*%l_ kp «f«*/t^/» or 4?'"V° What was her age?
uauinlrbufU 4/» •
bp£ru»L%ki.*op-£ *nui lt bl i tu'i, fy. She was 37 years of age.
Digitized by
Google
Phrases for Armenian Conversation.
20.
131
Did you hear that my
neighbour has died?
No, I have not heard of
it; when did he die?
He died last night.
Of what illness did he die?
He died of the typhoid fever.
How long was he ill?
(Or u^$un.Lhnmu\ •
^S zi"r ,u P ^«-«*t- 'Y'*"*-^ He was ill for six weeks.
Was he your friend?
Wj» t iiuwfji' /!i«/f*f*./» £/». Yes, he was my best friend.
n°«-/» buAop,„g»*p *»%»(, <j^«r. Where did you make his
acquaintance?
\\, n „SL t uj[, Jl£ hr,u%op-,» 3 uij ,u^ I made his acquaintance
%np <JAm. at Adana.
\\, n ,u%u,j[, J££ 2i nul &wl'op* Have you many acquain-
l.kn
^&«
tances at Adana?
*£,*.%[, ,r P $u,u, nLS,f.,r. £u,^ I have a few; most are
mbp£ Jhn.iuh- &% • dead.
21.
*l™ic. it" mt "' a '' fr L i nt - T"Qf Will you come to see me
to-morrow?
U«/"> tpk J-i»J*uh-b »*.%k~ Yes, if I have time.
Q,hp ^b%p% ,u L t^inf, ^ t $. Will your sister-in-law
come too?
QkiT If.u^bft np ti_,y % puu3 I believe that she will not
u,%h r ln ttt ,t $bu,„ itfinf, ^iuj . come ; but my brother-in-
law will come with me,
^l""t tt'kfpp "U" ifi't t'Pk Would you have bought
biufitiit. mu*'ia Tt»»fc—j[ig< this horse, if you had
known that it was to be
sold?
li£_» »i/»"fi it % ^b' b % t*fr *>'"* No, I would not have
^ib if f»r • bought it ; it does not
please me.
9*
Digitized by
Google
132
Appendix.
fypu*%ttirpGii tjtp b iou bc '
uait it£p arn£ii Lp jbo«^iT«
Would you always speak
Armenian, if you knew
it?
I should not always speak
it, but sometimes.
Do you not speak French?
No, Sir, but I speak Tuk-
ish and English.
22.
frtuifiujijyb p uAut itb u "ftuig Do you still want my
» L %fy wvfaufo. watch-key?
fl'/-» "UL * L " -it-ip i»m.%/,^ No, I do not want it any
u$%m P . longer.
U k tb % E k n P u% d--aSg* Have you lost yours?
%kJ* fob-p t-%i?i_ i"*/**. I cannot find it.
X^ja u$quA %„ P k°ltkb -ik»ip Does this boy want new
--A/P. shoes?
y^bh ua fUt *%. *"7* h°zbkb He wants a new pair of
u^huig n*.%b* shoes.
XtpbVukpz tfiuiufh- b%. Are his worn out?
Hjw, p.ninp n ^% buifrQwb- (or Yes, they are quite full
b-ut^hptiJ jlrtjuLlt} k% . of holes.
(\ri*^*b ^»u^u»u i i uM%,,%j> . How long has he worn
them?
hpk nu -"fy" $—+—*- i"Ah\i>* He has worn them two
months.
Vr iflru—b —l "i^-ip i"*J'b*' Does he not also want new
clothes?
Wj»t u&bk- *"T ^pusp^n^ Yes, he wants a new coat
J£ iru uiwfLUMuif* j£ mkuig and a pair of trowsers.
«&b-
23.
y^l. p«fcb 4p-u kc ^' / /' < >A^ •
Tb-i-rvb" ^"u kc b tn r 4 >b J% '
l»*ir^_ pufit b'T^bi- k nu uwu u ^t*v
4|£«f|? h "P VpuiqnutP «£f p%tn~
nkS.
What are you thinking of?
I am thinking of my future.
What makes you think of
your future?
I must choose a profession.
Digitized by
Google
Phrases for Armenian Conversation. 133
1T£ fa? fuifuqpfi np uy^k* Who desires you to do so?
Zt-jpu fa» <f,*u<f,,*q,f, . My father does.
!,{,./;« n pnz! n u % j;, jmA^ufh- l^p . Are you now decided?
n'^_» 7^"- «/»*£#/?«»fc ifc jut%^ No, I have not yet decid-
i-tub- i$r$r. ed.
hP± ft* ^« / t<J»t. / f^ fe <J«7»y- If you ask my advice, I
*^ , &» /«, r <J«t r7 . }„«. «,•«./* should advise you to be a
lh^ "/» £»*w«»f««* £it*ug. merchant; for the whole
# tu0 *"ib '—fp»i£ m ik" m t^c world is open to com-
P' u & k ^uttkutfLiu^uf%aLp&m% • merce.
£%, T <;.u4,» L yj* Mr P [unp^n,.^ I thank you for your ad-
tfo 4»»K»r» vice.
Digitized by
Google
III. Reading Exercises.
A. Prose.
1.
l|/lr tip ^utc tip ni3b£pi np uitlb% op ^utt-LMHi tip If ut*
o-£rft t fruyg kf^tL t n ^ tirl' -*""*£_* ^4" i'f-yjrp °PP A/»^««-
^utg.LhO' uututltutty nutuufi jufiutn unt-n Lp hutftt^p nuthiiltn t
f^LUtnji utt-btfc ^utLuftfir niXtirututnu jni-unJ % ututptupba "^utupx
\}uiLufjh fuutpnt-iruust., ^utcp putut n.ftpgutu &t- utr ^usi-£rftfir
%uthhg%
^m^mmpttX . — — Iffis tip A"> niXtfcp t ^utt-p tutihXt op nuiuji
^utt-^ftfl Ijuibtzpx \\[tun u.n^ t?p utuatit f^U^nt- a.n^ ^tp t Opp
authft ^UiuljfiP uuiuihuit £'nt-qtrp t \\u&£p ^usulrfift ntlbtruuttnu
tnt-unti ft^U* pputut QuiQnnirgutt-% fAtinc *jutfntilrgtut-i
fruaJiuusuLust. tnlsutnugfi nutnutpusiutru* tip fuhq.plrg ^ir*.
npuutufc Jp nptufcu nji a tun. tip a-pk hptfU ^uttiutp* out nut put*-
ujlrututputvfiti «/£-? tuutlrUutfuotilr tnu t u <V\utpui[iJ % uuifu TCutjtrt
Xtrq \lrui) upturn utujttutltlxg %ut , ire utlruu&tP P"k fi"> u /k' u HP
putbutn Atirp plrputitp n-ftutUtutnu \utiiutp flir b u* utbuutL
putn&p tip jutptitupfiu utitap% n
^mmmm^ttX, — %ftutnutntuutirtn tip A tr* / u l t 'H'* r & »**t/'' w
uuiLIz tipt f) t-p uiittnh ustniruusfitQuirp t ^irnfftiutap ft tr^ ujut-
tnutujuutlbirg t fiXi/rc ^uttiittp %utfti autp&tnL. £rp utttnp \trut t
\n%utnu np tfpl^nfi duijputomnuinu fct [tfbLrfrut \/'-p niUu yfi "p
LnnMt frt
Digitized by
Google
Reading Exercises. 135
3.
\pnt-putg6utu tip nt-pfip ttnepuinqutuft tip \uAsn.piub[nti
^utptjnt-tj uthnp . u ft u* bnutt. QntJ^ujuub u% Jbp tiutnbup put*.
pbyutJp^ % "Wi-utn ) ubpbfftu , tttutinutufuutubg upt-up % S^f-
Qntf^uAthbv Luifunt-btni. n.utututututptnnt.bnutu ^ uuiLutth %ut of*.
qu$ why ftp Ifbuibpp putuutfitt u%fJbn.ubtnJt^
^—fymf-X. \pnt.puttjLuth tip npnc ^utun.ftufbtjutt-t \% tr£_
^utpgni-t] uthnp t Qntftuthu^u fr°u*putufi n.utututufui put nt-tub bpi
|» u£iu£u ui nut tntrg ftp Lb uthnp t
4.
U Qup XhitjOp futtltutqutha uth^uthq fiuut Vppk~ 1V U r %
puutu fiyptutu tip putututfuou Jh uthXb % np autjp ututbrh ppbh
J>nif huutut&* utupun.<£utur Lp putnutLputuibp Xbnoft ptupdnetfl.
ubpnJx U \*po£>t utk-p f*d*% ujutuiutufituthutjf ptuniftutnifrp) ubqut*-
ufth t£piv/ uyhpuSb fun.unt.utb- bhp np ^btT uftutbp fif-fr f-p
n%biT Zlrnnut n u f^bphftn. Jputj qf'p r t puutt- frjfnu/bpi
Z,~[2~f—1»* — — ftifuuth Jjt fTh* uuuil. uth&Jt Jjtx \% u^iuftufr
uth& Jph kp uthx f\pnub J*nJ uuuttub- kp utht f» lr* If pbl?p
putnJtutnJtpi \% u* utn.utpLbg utht \% u * P ft tut up bn ftpptuthpt
\%*u£_ py^i (f'nuakp u/unuft
5.
\\Jrp* (=r. uHrputuputn nt.lt tft z=z doctor) U""**-P^% uiu*.
o-UttP dp bpp Lp outpnqbp \\utpntnu j\ ♦ (r. — bpfypnpnA ft
utn-GlrL-y nJtutbg np fthphtuLutifi be uthnp pnlnp ^buibt-nptLubpn
ubuuth dputtbbtt «£/'/ t O r p$H tub in J np utbnhatH^ niluthp Lp
[unpn_uth ) puratfpQbg ftp jtutpnaji be a.n<ftg * ""\Aptn \outpputbjt%
If tunut^bf wpfiliijtzP' ^ u * ua t' utjhpuih putpip l^p fttnpn.utp np
tuftwft utpftfltaubj* P uta.uti.npp n t
j^mpmmftX . l \^(' ' \t} tun '-P^ npnch utnCbt. Lp outpn*.
qjtrp* \\wpntnu f\. np Lptypfi P-uta.utt.npu kp t \\Jrputtuututnt-bjph
/?«£_ q-t—lrg I"- f^i_ pp—*- » l\{""- nt.nqba (addressed) //»
ptouppt Y* If* putut. \nput \outppuibttftt
Digitized by
Google
136 Beading Exercises.
}\q%nt.utLtu1b tip ftp ututituutfib uttuinnt-^tulbp Ittrntub^ utbu*.
%lrinii np fiyustqu/h tip tuuufJoptJb fyp b hb(? ftp kyjl) %P tautU^!?
tru If put?* a l|^» ptui.tr , tip pun-tr t Xangq. J>kq[t ^ u '2^* u t'fi~
t/usjy "Pkr "£_ itnt.q.uaj % Lp futuptuquibuiT V J M'"§ n * U *\$bpLgt^u^
tuqhftt- UMuipnh) Lp uituuttuufttmbi? ftftututuhp) >J?b O-fttntrp np
fc%u tuqa.tufyuMt£rp acufi tunantXtfiuft Jtf* n
^mmummmX . f) t. p Ltrntuh I?p tuqUnutuLutu Jpx &n tf
tntrutut. x \h u* L 'pjbfcp f*2J" u f u A t p t I* **> ututunbiugutL. ftptuuiut*.
1b jib x \h*b* \trq%tuLtuu uttuut tuts ftt tub tnnt-tut. Lituuituupt
7.
\\uiL1bqp qftutttugft Jp % np ^utnfiitfi frotsfl - o -"QuthJ fytu*.
JhupOt-h L'utugubp | Jft nutbft fuusbnL.p%trpnL. u%f Jutatunu
^bjJiupLgx Z,ktntuopopnt.pBufr Jqnuutb* Jfitfhnpq.fi tip fuuthnt-*.
fJf>b Jo intra tut- ol tutun*-p uuttnt. uthrpnti dp ^tupgnt-g . a <!)««#•.
pnTi) up ^tuafia puLifiuX fttk- h u > tuutputhp tip Jtuattun.t?a x
^tu7ktun,utLtubp nuqlranJ qnt-utpautbutj* ^truXttuptup uttutnutu*
fumbLg Jiupq.nt.fy [>b* a \yin l. q.int.fu fyp tftu7Ctun.trJ % ^t a |ua#^_
np ) uttuututuftttubbg q.fn.qtunf$b % tu£-inn £ Jhh fubq.putbn nt%L^
gtuo p/U*iP' Jtwuob fyp uttrubLtT np Jftutjb <£iuui tip iw tug tub
t? iirp fuuibnt-PfSb Jtf * n
^mffrnfrnX. ^fit-qtugft Jp nt-pfe tftuugukpt fl"iyi k
frwpfiqt (lp *qtruint.p truth Jiujputptunutpb £s *\+ftt.ntugfib ft u%
AtyJtupbg i |» u* ptubtg Jqnt.lt gwi. x f|/j rn.tr fuutbnt.fi fib JouttrguiL. i
\k ti£ tuft up ututnuutQrp Jp nt-u^pi |« u* S tu l'3 n> ~3 x *Lj tu7kiun,ut^.
fytuup ft %£_ fytrpiqnJ Jutpnt-trgutt. x |»*fc»£_ 4/» a -^ t - nu '3 g -y u uputJfttn
tuuimutufttuibpt \utt- itutuuiutufuuihtrg utux
8.
Hi Jp unJtuint.ii u-utitfi tip \utbqhuttrlnu q.J-ptuqn.ni.^
Pf"-^ J P mutrntut-t u ^fJui fiui 9 putuu q.aqut<£tup Ltrbq.uthfib *
trqnt-L uthuiuni-u Jpb trtT, uutjt- fjfc n no tub fttnjnp *h n$ -> *fi*
Jfum tub- £ nuigfiu u%f n t
Digitized by
Google
Reading Exercises. 137
U &f'i' u "-f' k(L ifzy—fyplitr 4?^7_» upturn luufnuihbg a -' u J[BH
funaifuiopbu fuoubfnii t hB" t t J?" c ftrjrtt.uin.ni prbufcn. qbpb-b*.
ant. \usptyutn.pni-uih- b f qn.uaiP fhpqplbpux n
*\*bn. fuoupp pbputhu £/» » be ui^ui Lump butnp nputi.
usnupuutpunL. uig-uihiubp x
^mfyt-pmX ¥ K* Jtt npnc \u/h n.ftuibnuiL.% *)»<o^/|f uni-jtn
k~p* 1» u > mnbpubg fubnlC £*£»* h*^> upim-ui^r bp ufiinp nmpfiu
u%Ct \*"u£iu^u uimvtauitLuipuiubn a. tut t ft t f%°u* bnuiv. £-9«*c.tr
ifuiftiTCtuupx \\wpbj? b mua.nt.pb" a.nt.p jnt-uutix
9.
£JhQbpui£*uu uitfM.dpfi iTp Jtf tyf" t Q* typ iuuiutu%p Pb
ftp uidnuuhfih <£but LnfiL. Jnb b nuubgbp be. iuujui \ut}uint.tr*.
iT'L^ "Ul'lL t t /hp u " nu> k u * urt p bum. dtfU b uthubpt u gbuiup)
puutL. bwuiiutunub Jity tip nupfyLpu fp iut/n€.ttufu) bpb iflAap
uii tuuiubb pputb- p [lUtlFhR t 3 ut P n - t l^Stk u * Umu>n - up mub*.
out* ¥p[L«Upign %
^mfy—^mX. — V\fu Jft npnuh ^but fynf"- naJbbgbp (rp*
f|*«-/t Ifp UfU*U»U%p lUjq- ifiuoftUt Qjpp ffu£_U9ul[Ulbr bp fl jfl*.
ytuuiuity ^uj^tnntpbutut fl*-pfp £{>u dp ft u^ xftZ^S" 9 * 8 A/* *"—
tfnt.uhftux \**u< puba b'ni-ab-p uiutndx
10.
OpfrnpT *n* knife ftvtyuit-. fitbnn.ni. banc a[puy kp » "PP
'ijftt.fyutntXuiitfuuibuAi incu Jit uiuuiuibg quiufifyuax Slff- U y u "[f , p4
innLu tnujpni.bg tut-, bpp ufif uitftbtjuiU) juymubg Pb npnyu'v'
bp uia/ht.uhuuutua ftp uiutuutiuputpftu <$bui x Z^^ajpn puufL. flb
uiutyuipbap bp *"/'[-* u J\ifnt.uuutgujb- b n ) ^ tu PS nt S ""tik^HS
u fl r * | puyg lunuiutuipuipn. pnt-u tfptt (?t p
^mfy-fJU . Opf n ["l "J* nt -p fulfuai. x fl t[^ uiquiinbg
ofibpnt \k n %* JftTfuiLfi u%f uiniu ututpnubgtuct \?pp ufi-uaifib^
gmcy f'*^'} npninLiT jtufutbbgx \\wpbaff bp uiJhcuuuiuui^ ftp
uiquttnutputphu ^but x }A*/n. Luipbafi >4/>*
Digitized by
Google
138 Heading Exercises.
n.
^•utnir^ a \uapuuuauuiua%h fauaa.uii.nnn unuaup ^uatausp
uiuiquAfif- t/tumnca \\q&[P uuAanpfi t uauaaduaUtuL. np \\uhuah <£tt#-
L.uiuuipuauafcu uus<fu£- hphu ^huit \*uu libit a us tip) uaLuaup tutu*,
utuaufuu/iahg • a \?p4ft('P tki^T * r Py nt - wphu typhi % /i* a*#
Qujiua h plant- P uaq.ua unp n t fruapJha^afinj \\nirnuu/uqp^ putph^
Lmuuanfcu uphy np tuuib £/i *\*uaph^[i sJtuuinLguib' uiuipq.ltt.hu
Juaujtli , nuuit-* U \ffl4r hu \\nhuuuiuiLp piLffjb% u i{* u *h puq.ni-*.
u£fi n t u \?u uttujfiuifr nhi^nuhk[>% hfik ^uapJhuftnj hquabr pa*,
nvjh n f UiUiutUMufuuihbrg }j^uahhn.n%huanh uin.hi.bpx
^—fgmf-X. fi'L^P C^Uipb^t (Iptt'bp h% ^uaputyuau*.
uiutbfi uua^Jfluhuhppt flV £/' )\nhj>u utun.pt f| */' £/* //* Wr/ifr*-
ij.ua Juijppx \pu/qh/i.nuftua \ji_pnujuajfi np Lnqmi £t *\*uiph^ ouahh
utuaquAp t/uautnug J\qirnuuauq.pfn tynjh t lf r P ?fop_ pjhqnuulrg
aun,ua&%fiu uanuaOuapLpx \% u* uiuauiuaufuuauhut f) J (?p f+uap*
thVbfinji \}ua fi u£tu^u jutjuibbg j»p quaquathuappi \^%i ^p J*-q*-
P-uiLu/bhu u^ututuiufjuuiupx
12.
Ytpp \h^uauutuauh a/hpOfih Puaq.uaL.npp lip wfipk'Pi Luuipu*.
uiuitlpnL.pfiL.% buiu-bguiL. ftphu n^tTi \\uiuutuiiJp1bhp£li uph*
/«> hpptiuti tip auuiU ^uiquap ifipw uauapuhL. [unuinuaguau
Puaq.tuL.np fib q.apani% ^utt/uip , he unjb ftuC fil uaa.ua cop fiu q.phg
ftp tppnt.p huaup tiuaujiu^ nusujiLua aJuafugtahinL. uuauatnuahnt/ t
\*uL p-uio.uiL.npp uataVUuaih \uauq.uaputnt.phuaJp. q.nhg
uaunp ^ir u» hrL.tr **»! huipTx uauautuaupiuaup ♦ a \}uiuaguaj ihp Ibuat/uaqp
hu qua pq.ua up qtajjla . uata puat,utlautlt ^ualXnan uiuainAuin.hg huA)
np jttP q.ptuptu uajqouau uapdfcja nt-uja 3ihq ^uaafuap* uuaLuaju
h'tuuiua^nt/gUhtP q&hq ph XhpMiftL ^uaafuip puhnb tip uiUn.ua tT
ihtP utuap t
^mmummmX, — — \h^uauutuauh np Puan.ua t-nphu q.^if uauapu*.
utuaa/pni PJilX €tuiq.hguaut f) J ^p uatuuutuatfptahp^u ta%Lpx Wj"-
fippauibp nnpuau uauapu.hu Jtanuutuanuaux \^u\pua*hjt ^uttfutp £/i
uyq. uiuapiM.hL.pt \Xj*J- dututah Puau.uat.nphu uaa qphut |i 2r«
Digitized by
Google
Reading Exercises. 139
utuutututunuf a P**g tuunpx ffrut a. tucn pp int.ani.tr gun.* tiut[uguft-t
\**%* tgp utpDUijtutfiuh tfutpa £*"{/& }U' u fl' u *S u 'pf'}_ "C**""*"^
fuuthpt \\unr% ufnt.pt unju tupti kj>P mJUJft
13.
\ptrhu fyptrn.tr pfttfnu b tuttp tutu put nL.pt- fiL% tip bp^g ^orftub
u%ft fruiJuiuarfy tip »[J*pf) qoptu^utuq.(?u[i tin ututtru , ^tra.*.
uop^u ^utpgnt-g qJtunL.npftilpy np funpnChb *[knp dp ttututgutb-
frp f'p buouttiu *[p '"J • U ^tuptrLuttT) np q.uiptrCpututnL% uututgutp
ujjf- Quiu6n.mnt z np n t QJpunLnpp ututuiutufuutubg. u |)uiiifOW
qiuju *\+o[fiuft Jkfjt m-P Q,kp \\Jr^tuifitun.nL.pfiL!bp tftftuplrg
Titu putgnLgut b[tu \uttftup n t
^—fymfml. ■ \pbbu fyptr tftrpfifynu tftujjinuu jiunfinu^
PftL% tip nuhtrgutL. *\+otfibfi u%C t \? pp tn&qft nt-utrdiuL. qoput*.
^utun.£-upt Wjf- turn bib frtuta.utL.npp it u* ^utpgnt.g qpunL.npp
tipt gJiunLnp[ib '[kfiPP flhptrc t?pt (\ cp urn tug tub (?p atuju t
<l\utintrpujqJp iLtuputftu tip tut uututgnLutb- tibflP «0 utuopt I? P*Z
t/tuinn t
14.
WqhnLtuUujh tip \nput 'tjipP^h ^trut uputuftu optrutlfp
tip u%0 uuutttrb *2ku/uijitupyt/ unpttu input it i Pjtulip } ptoutuugnL.*.
P truth pnunc trgtuL. tuunp ^trut , £tl tntruutrlnJtrpLnL. utfiftfiu*.
utrp np n-Jitltugft optruiLp Juiuth s n_tupiiuu utunp ml. uttuuffcu
/no up nuipjbg (addrGSSed) . u \uuif.ptrtT y *nt±p % lipuuTp uttrqb-
Lutgutrr ufru fl-f^ nJ t? utfb uta.tr n tyfrup, np ty?f- ^fniut utrpu
wrtttuL. x U O t uautututufuututrg unpnu anputnL.p itL%p ptnuui
anuutpP ] opt?b , LpuiutP % uthfiLut fitT uttihcuffuu £„ »
WqunL.tu6u/lip iuiiopt?u yfiLuuitf Pptc utuitrinti luutututu*.
[n itthtrg . u §(?p » pf"-p utrpnL.iT fyp (tiun,ptrtT llraJk » A"... u
nut . . . ut . . . ufttfut ptstrt ^trtrtrtT nL.ab-p, tru p . . . p.,. "^[^
L'nu ... m. . . . qtriT uipt uj<^n.trtfi ^pt>C.% **P u*unp <£trut k U *
'hTp' lnputnt.piiL%p jutptrg J-tumtrfnt^. u {^hft^tu ut£^ fiiT
i.nt-uuinu
Digitized by
Google
140 Beading Exercises.
^mfj-fml. f) t/_uuuttub tp \npui %np[o X <^[t ^btn x ft ep
1u/mu#&' J^ritux ft pp Jpeujiu ^frut fuotfpft pnunebatuex fuQuiuC^
gnt.p-trutb tip On a jib qnpn *iip tnirutue tuqbnetuLuibpx l|/f aoilr^«.
%tup utubnbpx *\+irntuu[i £fiu tuju utftLjiVbirppx ftptlfc uttrntrLm.*.
Pfn.% fubnpbnx j* u£uj£u ^p ^tuptjtltuu nOpi \nnu$n putputu*.
qtuex |»*tr* tututntuupttub tnnetuex WubneutLutup uttloMtu^tup
^Latue t*P utbfun^irtT ^tupgJuibp ^tutliup x \*p ufittufc n,u»ptltu*
%irtne <y tut/tup fttt^u^^u fiiPoffypp ^pu%ntugbirt ftubiua t fl'V frp
ptptane^enjb ontffi op [i npy.pt \on^btItufytuu k tubh tuuofiHr tip
utbitbLnefiheb fubn.pbi *»*-/»A> SMthb u/hofirft tip uLtumtHutTpx
15.
U*c// ? A tuntuubh t/p t np tunnetuLfi tip aabnup lutuutbuenj
tip tlpttn pt tun tub bp% tnbutue Jknne tip np fngpp jtbLtuhr Lp
tlugotunfcp tunneutbhu tutftpuirpneu iL^iTy npnbp L'v tutu nutty fib
t^utpbiuiutufituftbopi u U«yM»<f£' i [uirnTfnefy {Hti£pu»£i bu Jtbu^
uutetub tip uiftutji jupLbtT) npntl Lphutu tuututnftt n % t n t~d
tuipueuftbx *tjtu Ismnt-nntlji tnbpire tip thpanun ire tluup utrtnirtjx
If* & an t^t tuqtuutirntue utbntl ire ppnp\tubu*t irqtue ttp puspir*.
p tup tut
^tuut *uttiutue t be tu^tu npunpq. tip ^utuiue ^nb be }pus*.
atubp nunnbg O-irtu fl prtt^aiupi \}put[utnuiu.fcu9 Jbnnub wbubb*.
pttl tluiutbu.p % npat.u tlbf Lp teutunefcp ftp ptupbptupp % jiutfiyu
fl-nute ire jutujpbjj npunptffru Aim opt f^netliliP a.uuitufp
tlpfitubntue ire tuntueuKb tuqtutnbntue x
^mt^mm^mX . — — QntuL%fih nep fl tun. tub hp % Z, nu bk /^£_
tabutuux f**%r* ptubft it-t^tT Jjfp Jutouite^pt Wqtueufib fTu^u^f^u
otuftutbpbn Jbnncut ^tu fi°b£_ *fip£>*t-gx fC*-p ubtnbg uiirpbi.pt
ffijbntf tuqtutnbgute tlkqnJbx Quia £iubgtubr ntl ^tuutue ^nbx
ftpunpnp pb-ittl Uifttnft qutpu^p p-itinebpx \?pp tlbnneu f»p
ptmpbpmpKb tlotntuiiveut tlu»iuuq,p utirutue t puipptuex ^ntue*.
ufih qtuphnt-irgtuex
Digitized by
Google
Reading Exercises. 141
16.
<l*pt.qp dp u%0 qui pp fit tfp Jtupq. dp uuituuttuib PiU"^
pn.li quifuuiqtuufi q.uiutuiuiuipuineb*gu*t.i §bqt-niu tk.iluiui.np
q.pt.quigphbpp ^tut.tupnt.bind^ fatliq.pbgfia q.uitnuit.np[?u np
quipppbp tfui^nuu/u <q.uiutu»tuuiputnt.b t J»ui%qft %ut utbqenju
\utpfyutunp 4yi hi. uitLuihg qtuppbjt liutpbifa ^p iftbp int-ubbty
tulip elibp unpnq.br t bt-tujtht tyujbutjti tt.tuuttut.npp puuiL.. "A^>-
**jk~ u nt-piruu l^phtutT qnphtuq.pbr uipqurpnt.fi ftt%p t |T9«»y dp
urtuutuiufuuiubg, u §£p , qfruqftu u%f b plant, nuutuijbuiufy fy uy .
uiuumuIm 'finpp uibqt^nj dj§ ^uidtup "ttyp puitLUibutti 4" t dftt-Up
^—fy—pmX . flV iftvpi- 'Q» UUlUjVuUib tp t \f%* pualijl
q.uimuitquipmnubguiL. qutppfiipx J»*tr« ppfi* q/fafuiunp q.ftuqtu^
gpbbpp t \%°1i4 piuqpbgj»% quiinuii.nptju t \%°u* uin.uipbbrnd
uiuuib!* fiuqpbgfirt }**u4 puuic q.uiuttut.npp\ f\°J uiuiuiuiu[iiui^
ubg q.uiutuiLnpjtut ^pq.tu pnt.fi ft Clip q.nph-uiq.pbrnL. j^u* TfuiiK
pi**/ SyS ufnt - UJt ~ dpuibpi
17.
*l+&npq. H ♦ (mnuiOfiry X^btfifinj Ptuii.utt.npp °~pp u/hqtuiP
up qp ?Suidpnpqb-p nh"( fa Z 9 UJ 'uni/p , Z^nfuAitntujfi u%p tb^Vf'kb
up iqiuhqnbp bOuiu Apbpp dinpibi uttutnt. ^tut/tup t ^njb upGn*.
gpu u/hofift p/U"/ nt / % ^('^B ^ UJL 4fi[ a *' l l ^V l_ utnt - utt - "*- bb*~
ptut^x \pbbtibrnu urui^nt.% tqujibbp q. uArqui utbg ujl. *bnpb*b lib**.
^ ui tit at n. nt.fi truth fib uJu/uqnLuiuibtnp bpLnu ^uipftcp *p pop fir
Ifp uiut<£iuuO£-p ^uit.bbfiubpnt.% tbnfuuipbut \%%p%ui quitji bu/u<bt
utnt-u»L. quilifibiu hi. puuiu. u \%°it^tu^-u V piUiy \ uruipntt^ np
bpbp ^tuhbfifib tbnfuuiptfli bpbnt. ^uipjiup fyfiopfit bp urut-
\uiLObu fii&u%+ ujpn.tr op tumnhp uljbpu/li < $uiqnt-ujqffi.ui Iru
^nut n ° f|'> ♦ m Up tu llE lu f) uruiutuiufttu/tibg upuiuput urutuq.n*.
Ltututruip , ^uit_bfafi%bpp puiL.uibtu% uimutut b% be uiduilb t
l lu U3 fi u,a - u *t-nphbpp ftutftuiqu/ltg \utqnt.utq.puut bib > nc/ ( bt,
tu^utp h oq.nt.ui oiunb*bp uibnutjJk % "I'f 1 P^lftP "fwuinuk
qJbq uuhnbq % bpLutt nt.fi b utt/pt p fo\utq.utt.npp a-uiutbguae bv.
^purt/ouibg np bpCnc ^utpftcp fyfroppttp ^urtlpncpt
Digitized by
Google
142 Beading Exercises.
Z, m [ y m f —I* — \^ g ilb ut ng -p k* h 1** 4" dtyp >*£**» 'i^ip ft*
tub nub pi ^iuthft Jpafcnu £*^" Mt ¥^> nubfit f\ p ntrmfiu tfoyfj lr*uhn.-.
httLtuhr fat *\*faapu. 11* t-k**l ni-p l^n a*tutlpnpn„fapt (I**-/' ^«**try.
uinuiut |» %* ptrpui uini-UiL. m inutiiL. ^utJutpt Q\ufbnnLuiuMb utp
t/uthp iphoppb usut^utbfirn t \?pp ^uspant-bauiL. uiuahfj UMjhpuih
uqni-fl truth uiu*uta)uin.p t h fc»* ututututufuu/ub-a utux }> fc* 0»u#.
ifuitbo P uiu.$MMi-npp i
18.
Q#i «^r uutu*utuut% iIuipn.nL. tip utntilrL. blurt, fip utJkuai*.
unuLuMifi Lkpuiwpun\nn»h»i bt- puutu. u ^btiut urhuib Jbn^hhut
f+uua LpUuitT J*ku jhnp^ai J»nt- LbutitntL^ bf&fa nut bpbu
uiavjifuSMufapfau vpb phn.nL.'hfiu . i^uiiT ^utjpn. utfiutb uututVbbu ,
LuitP JtypQ- Ui[*u* hbtrbu^ buitP Q~f*b[i uifiuifi fuJbut n
* f\pp pbbiT) tflnuihbn ifutpn.pi \^bywpbib fa n p JbnuubJ*
<^usjpu, filtnu fa np fil/1 ^butttu tuuipa-buutb fat *gnjpu £"/'«
*jtpbl*t*u^ntrijtpuiU fa i \\Lpbuu 'iffof' bp [i»JbJ % t n
|^t- n pkp [nubia I \\utuuijb n.lihntlhuitnt-% utfcu uiuiulthbu hp
^mmmmmmX . \\ubbut fipUlLuiu UJUJUn/nL.pfb L% JpU fa fifa
uiL.uiLn.nt Mtr pt.lt t \\unnutuuilt npm.% lunObt- bitnut \\bpuiuipuihup
t?%iuifau fap * b"^£_ uuiutiLbuiauic i ||*Mf/f si.nL.1b bbusbnp frpL'h
ybnp^bint. ^utJuip nu/bp uiujitfu/h LUiLUiOuipuba t Xipt/ubafap
lt U't u i t "J u * UJ ^ tu bppt U*"*/"//' b ^£_ duiuih ba uttntiuu t/uiubut flV/'
<^uia"triji bLuiL. jipbux ^binbt-uibup b 1»* bquiL,\
19. fl-i^r-rc
^<u/ nputputp aJranL.fi utJh%^h buinLuih' J- uiJuthuitfb fa
\j. O-uippi '["I* \\ m fa 9 ? m t L'usbni-uibfa iuuunifnL.jif-fii%pt Wj'f-
nutpni^t u%0 fa np u.uiunL.bnuth *>«*// tl'l'^PP U ui< > u 'W t Dt -
\Vbupnujfi XlrnnnJ) bu inju uttruutb £""" <^ ^bii[iLtuLnL.[J (il%^
%brp nL. p-utpq.Lfu$unL,p-fiL^uuirp^ npnhn a.tptuii.nplb fa [\uuinL.ui~.
ouipnL%£j9t QuiQnpn. n,utplrpnL% ufati uiub i[i thuyiniJu a.patShbp
ni^hbguib "%u *upn_u»paL. , p*"/*} *»> 'IP 4l'JJ u '^ r & ^utL.utuuip^t
Digitized by
Google
Beading Exercises. 143
tutu itrnnt-liti y qnp *9-pbaf*b utnu/pftu ft utpq.tl\ukb%bbpl/h \?Q%pq
\\nnpuvij[i bt- bpbpnpn. Pu*pq.u t uju[t£bbpbu \tqfiyb*
20. z.-y i-5ftrt«
j]i*bp uufJ-Jhu a-rtnbut&utb- uttuiuq puibuth f-f'pbpp fik u (k m
\f^.m^m^mX «.j£t*i-£t^l. £„ bn^nt-flh , uuifyuyb \pbupnujft Xbuut^
bbpuiuth- pnt-% f-fip^PP >bu. ututuu buJba q.u$pb ft tfbp ^trutm,
q^buib quiuiuspbpuq_nph nt-Utb- bib uthnbp unp au/jtuqubpnt-
^uiifavAutflit jtfbupntqbu/u q.bpbpnuu ubqphutbuth Xbup (»|*f*w..
£l«.£.£p Lp Ln*nt.p % up Jjtbibt. ftttubpnpq. q~'"p qnpvutbneuib- b
qpoftb ujutbntbnfu t \kttbbpnpn. n.utpm.% u%f ^buipnt-utb- b «^«.
£J\ tpf^I^^fffCt uuifttnpn. ututn.bpp J?^> 'ty fytupabtjhbintfni.
fywpqfi n%btnJt Y u k tnut ubbpLni.bpnpq. q.utpnuh u%f% quiunbp
aui uu.bip Lujpabgubintf* bujqtfiubbptqbtjfth J***{*|""f/r£l "/'
^butq^bmb puipi.nant.btml* Jbp uttuopnt-uth 0-f'('P bqutu t
§utuhbpLnt-bpnpn. q.utpnt.% u%0 utt-biguth- bu \ybupniup q.uttuo-
bpbuneubt-Jbg uiuinbpnub *[p» u l O be j}» Q-flp^PP) upnJ
uijuop bpbunilbbt.ni P ft Lp ^uiuhfiu uibn\p%
21. u— tf* UzJ-r^-P-r t-Jr'c
\\nusffiu tujjuittp^iupuip q hpj*P mutnutuh- b \\Juubutfiqft
u% intuu%bt.bofiJ bpnptp q.utpnt-% '/b( , 9bpp % 1 6 O O — — 1 6 O 7 *
\\JU ftfpft iUuntVb b n^m^^mf mXmtm^JL C^m^Xm-mf y M f/ ff KW«|X
f}.~_Jl£, be ^bqffbuiljh k Qnt^uiVubu Z, n f^*l_y "(' wfyb quft*
niufi uuabi. q put put p ^bqfcuutbnt.p[iiVbbp t ^ut^unub'Ji JP/vc.
qtujbgft uthntlb utttX tip tnututqpbt utnt-Utb b UJ J U tlT4?P_ PP
hvuq anting t uipfuu/p^uip utp tbqnLU h tut-uulh Inc. putn&u/upntlt
fiuj/a f/tq. iup[utup\utputpp n* £ni.ntvjfi J-nqntlpq-bufu putp*.
putnu bt n > u *t Q\niu[iup y tu /i bpLnt-pftu fittun.unt-pq.pl f*uq
tF/"/A^ u Y' U/'/"^/ Q-puib b utnutffib j»bpu/fiut%nt.pfiL%p , npneli
< ^uitfuinotnnt.p-fn.%p uputih ^puttnutpuibnuuth' b*
JVmu/ty *J. SoCihihtud:
Digitized by
Google
144 Reading Exercises.
^u^/traitf tu muffin opku utyulriut* utjpnirt uti/tunp* utpbcp
t/iupp Uuibbttfb jlrwnj tutniruututuuSrpnL. ^nifatbnun ^niftnfltt
u%^utpinJu/u.fiu Xutpt tip fy'ufyufi ^t^y, |)u/^u#^... Uu/<£u/^...t
n^_ ^ic kfi ,u u ^z/t^L P^ "'-pit k n *-t u u "vt ^* u i u p %
W^fji. ^nifutftb Jkf^ nt.p np irpputu* Xutptp l^usj hl. fyn ^u^t %
P"l/S •ff'^'fr kP k^pbtru flk %p tloutuuuiu iuyufiu , utjbpuib
Xuifbp Ifp ^bnutbuy abut t utbtj.uin.iup bptfbbintf JfttrtObnjb
Jb^tuJlunXfil^ nnp.lrpa.py \&u$^uilg . . . || ut ^uty .. . |)uf ^uT£ . . . s
\\puhrh pfr uyq. itufltp j ut l fi unburn If uiu nnp.bpn.1b 4" ^A-
ututbutb Pn*nL%ft titty np J'utJlubutituiL t/utpn.buttbu J^utb t/ptt 4"/» *
l^inarlrop duMjp Jjw k ut l t » u-npnifuia.ni.p- tfiujp tilt t #»/» up tub
upiuh tip ni.tr 4/f | |Ju#^m#£ u/tr/x.ti , fuutpinttiutu-lrn ututututbft Jp %
npnt.% *lp u *J * na -ft ynuinutpt W"ty>ut1b pnt-nu ufipni/Lusuinuutb
trp ushnp \bint f\u Jutjp ni- npn.fi ftptupitntf irpgutufif tf>u ,
9tuui IrpQuJbfib . . . t
Q*utjg % putpt?) utjb J-uaduiuuiljblrpn unifnpnt.pjiL.1b fyuip np
bpp butJnLpQdft LtunnLgnu^p t fncpirpnc. nnfiubpn uf* put jut*.
^&inc ^uttfutp Lp nn^^fiu tutu utnutOfiu. utb£p % np Ibnptup^ru
LuJi/ht-ppftu ifpusjtfb uj nut Of lit tuunuttT tuuuu^p t I//'/ 1 u tl u RfSp
iMilS"/' t 9 nL P PP lP b UiU * t lkl , ' u u*~ Hpukg utJif^h bn^tububpnifg
pnuuinif £p tfttffbfrfib t(u$JhupQ(ix
\\tutptnfi2utn.irn\}ui}iu6 , n#» '*7« utua.nt.p untfnpnL.pf»L%tn
>hp a.bmbrp | i/Ai. <y» i^r | nftutbtnt. u%utg uttb fyuttfht-pdjt np
n.bn. unp pftunctuhr ^ jOunuib- 4/» » ^*- quLutpPf JputJfim , utbguiL.
Lajifhcppfiu ifnuy^b . . 1 *
l^i.<ifa , untfnpni.pfiL.vp usbnnno £y# , |Jm#^uj£ n_<fptunij.
qn^p anutL. utjn. unpuijku ^tni/hcpffiut
Xfuttpp uthnbtnutb unjb ut^natfi n,J-ptunn.nt-Pb uth t y^r
uufututp np ftp npq.fib n.uy % nt. ^p ut£^a.pinJrp P^ nt-p ujbut*.
autb fc utufii frutjg ft nnt-p % fuutpuifijtuu-un^ U a/< >"'^ ui^^tfhput^.
Digitized by
Google
Beading Exercises. 145
n.utpXtut.x |)c *I* u ipp fuaun.h utfcu +npu LnnJp pbuutL. tftutnn-blnL,
ftp ufrpuiLush au*L.usLp. . . ^xuyo uttrnilpb uss <n.tnutL. qutbht
*
H £ tl""^ n pP u ^ u J-utitutuutL ututputhrguiL. uvtu ututputputnn.
ilusjpp nrn.XslrpnL- Erg. utbutusn%trpnL. u%0 * tfih uttt.tr in tl nt- nnp.ui*.
1**1 f'P uffpusfyusufih fynpnuutnttt Qpflh u%tyu tut , >^%P Q-f""bp
pu*tu£u, fd-bt-trp tun.tUL. tru uiusuusl. on.hu u%C t
f|c uAtLfc ft djrp n.ft fir pnutuu tfftr'nt-pr-Jrtuu u%0 fibpnfthpp
h tub ututr It nnpLtuj ftp uitl. CktuLtuututttfipp trc tntuutuL.hu up
tfibtnn.^ ftp uftputltuiu qtug.tu^p tuhn.tun.tup Lushitrintl wfvptun.hu t
yu/<£uf£... Xl.u^uty... X}u*^tu/,...t Qnxlli, <hM<iiuadhiua:
Qtrm«#%r^i«ftr J*"ptfn ofllrutuu tfnu (? unt-ftpustfusu , n^i ^t
"t0 tytuififtntftl; f*u*_ np ufiplrltun.njb I? Jus pn.lt tut fib uputftux \% tr*
push ust.Lifi ufiptrfft J> UJ 1b ><"//*» tltuip ^ irnptutp^ J* 1 *//' } us tin l.^
upb f utut-uttf) uiL.tr ip \hpmujift J>n*u us unit a u ftp tuts tfinfiiusnuspA
tluijhtnL.Jp) trL. ut t. trip up pus truth J>wu "*/ u jfoutwiutittlrp ^
npnbp tuunbntt% unL.ii.utut ffttut tub frit tub jwpbp Lp p n tlusb n.utL£-
&L. Lp putaututp^- iyn- usutVb utuntj pusuirppt f*>"fu Jph £ *¥&*
uppusCtrpiP tfiup n. Lust pit t^tuLhh ^uttltup ftp ustlbu \usuutuutrpnub
u%P* utu np "kftyp *L*U ll* pihuitlp) 1"p "i^.'W- n - tu -( 1u P k tu P n 1_
£ must ushnpi u^p us%uus\Jtuh % npm.% <£lrut Lutpnn ^ nutum.
n.utut ni.fi t tyt- J u, pbf t ' u otnutp t^utLft tip jus a us fit Lbnh-nL-tuututfip
p tupb ttutunL.pl ft Clip t
Z^nu tfp ^usua-zfi slutpn., ^nu lf f utftntftnuft % ^uj^nj^puhpp^
qnpu Lp *f"yLfJ? Jtupn. usbnp u%f t usu^usJktlusut ouinnpnL,*.
PftL.lt ilp ntXftU) trL, utupfttr usbutputtn hu^ tff$U£n.bn. utpuiiupfiu
Lptt-uiplfnL.f£fiL,uutrp ^utTSkutfu Lunutnp fru ltl. Qp Xn.hu ftphua
LmlrL. uifunL.p jft^utututlfhh px fh, 8. Qfcjw/kjihiutl:
24. u£«* U-Hrc
gbuujj unfttutttntf^ ifmufrpp \fusjfiufi u%(_* [bntibp q_hn.
LutbutK kfiU) P uspiT L-l. ufusfb-usn. t
Elementary Armenian Grammar. 10
Digitized by
Google
146 (Reading Exercises.
§truuij ihrtiiabpp^ uutuuifiL tnutuirnnih* an *f hf*^ 1 *"- b****
1bw*nt-fJ(n-up ftrutuAp teneUnJ Jp uiutututb fcp utJb'b LnntTx
§buuy ibnXbpn {\^tutu Jtfx Wj*!- uifiprin ^uthut^ne^
fi-hJhp utbq utbq butpJptub bp $uifltiutu.njbx f&neftlfiuhp ftp
uuutlttblf$Dp bp uiutpqbp *"J U ifi*itfinfuni.pbutJpx
]$iutusn%apne Jk$ utbpbubbp u.utiutpni-u»hr ftubuthr krfl*
tttrmfih* l u P>b'p2J u 3 a 1j k m k nt ''L. jutuiut^ Jft Ifp IfutnJkftu ua*
tnnhp ♦ be hrutn.irpb^' ptuutbp fipb*bij utnhXfi LutnJfinnJu.ni.uut*.
busL Luthut*nt fd-feup q.nt%u»enputhr trh* q.usiutpnx.uthr fihbutb
tft'i- utbpbultbpla uti uinbXuttjutbr but
■gutpuiutp Jp&ftuubp ujfiuifi qfutbfiu } utfiuifi neuneuuiu*
ubpbffb putpm.%utb , * J/ >J?^ r /Y* ?l u '3* ,n l ^ t ^f tu P u ^ r i 9 ptiq-opfxbuttj£rtne
be jopffhirine ^utJiupt — Wpnt-buuif/h ^puspsutp 'hutfuutltXu
t "at*
Qfwt- tfp u y kpp t£utbtjhl?ft utbutujn.fi a?usJputhbpk%t "U't
Jftfd-fuiupfi be autpuiutputpaebuut ^nxfutuusenpnt-ftlbuth Jk$y 6p
^fiutuutifi uouAt*biuta.nphr Jututfth Jputit
}% u£_ t"1™sbk uthuiustihbppx \j*uttibpp aTutJune bptyffc
bqbppubpneu */[*"£/ "-trJff-fiJuttj fu%n.nt.u % qfiputp qpfyuib l^p
\utJpnepbu * jutqPutlfuiu fyuiJiupubp bp Xb eutcjub'u utuinbp ,
npnuo uiutbfcu JutJkpnJ b'uthijhhu nen-utb bni.pbpnJ* utJbu
fynqtT q-bqbtjlfni-P[iL% ) u.b qutpnebum , nuiufq, uiuttjb uti "y"-*-
tqk u > \unufuthpu utfb uturbu Jftutjh bp ^uihq.^p t
^utbqfiiubtpuj uyhiuftujt nuuibpne ) npnhg t fp u (J btutt-irpne
^fieuneuthr tuuutt^hbpp^ qfhrbptt ne utnbqhbpp u»Jb% ibenif^
ne JbbnefJuutJp , upututbtfin £fiht
t}C utunbg funl^JhAu be UDutu£uttjni-J > Jfiuyb uxnefib fthlt
fiuifiqliU d*. *£. tfJikikufyihiuG:
25. brifr bri^r*
\X^ne <^utJuip utju^uiift m fun up ne utJqnfh bu } fykpuif^
utuuqx Wu^nejut q-kj_ [nt.pbp ftlti t^p pbpbux
Stlp* u*£_ %bJ* fpvutp uuteutuuifipp pn.ubt* fl-fr "p
hrntfbobppp ^bpbv%u»j % utJbu pu/b jphyusb £. ifutub ufc utittrLgp
Jfcy pbputla une utpfiXin. b'netibu t
Digitized by
Google
Reading Exercises. 147
*\*bn. [iioupp pbpuiuu kp% be ui^ui fyuitntunfi tuJp.nfup
\^unvg utntunuiLp jutuntun umein^utha.uuijib U%0 flat*,
tfmcnn fttnnJtuininuii^nbbpneU itu/hftu tip uJuiu^px \pututub'< ^
n.tueu*au*u | l(n ten^fib , ntyi bu Jbq pptuhr funumneuub-piex
Wqtuinf? nJhnu»Uoltrni.pa%ki be frffc np *ne%fiUf uipbeun. utnep
np fttuVho x
llulrifujfitn 4 } <\*ninifiunu u/unlig t[ ui ut ut nnefl b tulip n.fienuin*
uuibtuh atungpnt- p-btaJp dp uiuiututufuiuu innutuex
ffrtr np wpjteuntfu t^pbwup b-pftuuftp £/£*"/_) Zifpu k
utn.^p* P'HJd P" n 1^B> tfmnm^hiT^ np u/pbuneV ftp unefiptubutu
auintun-iuiftfubpni/it uipbt-binp nuubuob-bip u%L tfpti tut utbum,
IbbtTx \jfib t [u"UL mnuimuipuip uiihnelbn tip *bpbt?bun % U {J U
uitnbu iru &bnJ%r t/iu^u tuftutjt ftthiepbtT* ( lu fJ3 Jfiu+be uyb
atuibu unih atutfpni.% ^btnbebgfan be tiuinui\ hnfcp \\ti-
innehnj x
*\+frLtjtuqftu <^iuhq.ujput ne uibfun.ni/ fybptutupu/lnintht unptflt
tip ^u/hntupmfiu x
S&pi puut^tfin. ujtu p£tuyi fyp fyutU^brU Jfiuipbpuib ,
t*"U9 P^> n T "'pbtf-utlfp tunning Jbaft iftpfyni Pfri_u gnetjubint.
b§ib) tutinp [nj u p tfkpffiu uiua-UttT utbuiu& tuft in ft pt^uiux
Ift. tvpba tufyp ^npf/nnuku *fe*p VH^^f • i l^t 9 i UM e n t w e\
n ftjbpneuAi inbnftp bnnnvupy be uuietuiubutfth t*nt.phjip 2y»tr«.
pneuib-* *JwP bputup ^tuuubutn £*»*-^»> tunubit
'Xjiuendi nriuiuifitmitnp itujutu&uteuii hutfe tip uiuiuinbp
If uiutjhkp \ uiumnbpp u%/fftfy u%tj[tl[ If bpbeuuyfiu * puyg % u*euin%
i/nLuni uivuingz pbtue *£/» bpbCbtup t bpqftpu ne tfipbnep-fteup
2 in at ^bnne kfihx $ fun up a -J , 2^VP "iltpneu b'u/ugubp *\*nlniftunu ,
^bnuin.ftutuitip ibnpp be wipbpp uJun.iun.tup uipbitTneutu
nuipAnegtuh- x
f h£*Y t wpbettrtLinp ) "-^"i h uipbettheuta [u-nfip) nJ
uu/en. fttT ^uteuiinuipfitFx ^nt-U bu frq&bpneu be ujtjutfuiine^
Pbtuiigu uuiuiuiuibp, op^uiuutbiuti tflnutntfnu^fpu ne ufrputu ti *?»»
fntXbu atibnt
10*
Digitized by
Google
148 Reading Exercises.
ftuyo ft lr* ntnuusituiu fc t
— — fybputftbusun.) fluent. uiL.tr/fi utfttnt-p nu n.bn%us9r bu %
A*^!£. ZfV iiL pkplrut
S^Pf p—1Uit. tuvguthr 4"* us^ut utpbt-n unt-ftptulfutu
u?uin,usq.usjflubpnu^t q-pofbfiu ntuuusunpbg t
— — ^usuq.uspui kbghp ) usju u?usn.uta.tujfdubpn )\uutnL.hrnj
Jibngtrb bjutfr b% , np Jk% pbt-btifu tlfteup fyft ^"fyi ♦ at -
npnlsp np bpbvg JlfP tuhnn t/putj O-puso" b% ufttn^ uAsiibg
usn-Obu tfbpOfib Atut/puAi puAituit \puusu p*"pntfj ptupb(^tutT %
utbti.fiu tut bn utbubnt-ftbu t
fknt-pbpnt. ->£««/ <^4-ti/» on -P if* pun.usgufrp t ptjiPusubp Jb^
b-tu2utn.ua* bn tuuttnpusuutnt-^fiu * <\%niatliunu usufunntf Q^iPP
bpfyfifypf* TfutJhnpn.nL.pbuAt bn ujusutpusuut(?p , be us^ut jutb^
butpb >f>p u bnntU^u tutu abb tuljtg Atujun stsbrfi bouse x
— brtfo* hifi"
£np *>£_ t*P il'S^C tp u-at-jtufyb^ be ^njnJtunufi <^utu~-
atupn ^uttluspXusbbp 4y* -jnt-uuiinL.) Ibnpusbusu. tup bunt-lb atu~
nuin.uMjftubpntlpi tneuusenpnetub b*bpbu%utp % bu uusLUtuutfinn
usju tlbb J tup it. neb nut on ftufyusbr* ftp bug jfonp^tufyusuia-ptbusu
Uiusnuiututfuutnu iunubpn usJbuutbuspnn }\uutnebnt bn ptup^
Zpiugubfib* 4iUMU$M<)nj 11. — 9*1111 fjiunf in dhuid:
26. n£-rf* 4>rLn-v- 'e-
tfrussbus^usp be tlbsusUiunXftb uttrfbutu tfjt tnfunep X **»//
pnJfi* n.bnbgLnt-pbutltn l^n % doth ft tufbush uut afbpfutaneuusjfb
utbutuptuun t qnp ^ftusgtfiuu pnt-n.% SP u fJllB na l_ [bgnetub Ln
nftutbtP ^ftt/iu . bn uftutbtT ^fo'i- >"t» % /?«-/» tup ben tluspn tfntn^.
ub[ne i/ow' ufyutub- b "£// °' a - u Js/*£_ •fif'lL < ^ nn ^^CL utu ^i n t- ftp
gtubgbtub nub ft 3 n L \B* r pp* »*- ^uu % usjil tuuuut^Jtuh btuusnttnftb
tfpusj % usJiubpne ibputbpn* linju gnjobpku ^pn,b^netub uyb-
jtutu B-bnbufib) usjbpusu tefiepusbusb . . . t
foe uuspunuspbp unt-p o ut up Jit b'usugvft butn.bpnu Jnusjbu
nu y hjbusu utbnbg utbpbtXtbpn^ npnba *np bu bt- q.ntJbutut »
"pu> t I^P9 ut i n f u P 4 'uspJibb bp jbutftu tubqop 9 n l*B.bpn una.
Digitized by
Google
Reading Exercises. 149
wErpbLUjftt tut ft b-uin.trnnt.1U u%0^h % n.utptnbpnt% ifpuij n.uttbnt%
nt- utubuinffL . . . t
flc tru I tun tub- ui+bpu ^nu % nun ^buiqybutfc n.nnn.nCnt%
l L:Pt^ U LV u P kP if** [if* tfttrjputJht.utpfi fupnfuut abttbbpnt. butfiu %
uli a^nntfeiMtubinJ ftp gtubtjuuib nubft 3 n [jptrpp, l^p 'bu/jftT^ t^p
uuMjftJ* VM#/rnclrM#£ % ufiputu uthnbtuifth utpmJutift Jfiutbq.tuJuMjb
j>usqgp ^jftjuiutuilfubpntfii tunjft . . . t
\jl. usjn. ifbnjfipnt-uubpntf ututpiftutlfnt-Uib Ifp funp^ftiT
tuut^ Jp rnXmlmm Of — -*"*!* bt. wl«Ht>«w^ opbpnt.u tfptuj | npnbp
fr?t "kJ u ujw^nt.li Lb tulip ftu Duutubt-boPp utbn.uipX tnutpft^
ubpp Luiqtfiub alb » nt. L'pubtT* B frtr* £ Jt» <i, ^»+|»» I* fit? n*
ftputn.npb-nt.uik- jybpnJ tru tnt.uujfiiuipnt.p fiuuubpntf futuith
4>> trf"!. •*£» np lfnL.tf.ujf nt- If ufhghft . . .t ff
<Qonnn 9.. Vfii/hdhmd:
27. CriH^ brfn»
(IfrntlUUiu AfiLtn:J
\ytumubpu i nub tub nt. tfuJitub") Lntttbpp buibputguibr
L tup dp tub ) ^tr «A» gunnutftbbpntf b tub Lnt-tub j npnuh fubnTCnu*
ptruih it-btT \tubtututuutLbp Jpu £y? A/? n-b'fhp^ % um tub fcp %
JUMp juipdbtntf tuubnp nt. nbpiutup . Ltupbtntf quipbintfj
"bv" HUtpbtntf^ Ppnt-tuitnt-p butb ^ tuuoPnt.pbtuu arc tuaut*.
tutupuabpft u%0f bt. ftp uifttpui^u+fitjb Xutjhntfft It bpnl^p pur*.
tufiLftu a-pn.pt
\\utpbt % uuiptrt) Lutpbi* uph* utputnuinji up fttoufi ututbfi^
J>bu Jbpbt. . Lutphriy but pa- #j wtuLutL.fi 'u Lutpbt Jpusbt. np
tuuutnbpp tbut/ffih utnututnuinftb u%0£u + f| £» n.bpnt.pfit%
£■ utiu a-bpntft9-fit.it t upp t? •flpfluutn'ufcff utpfuututuAfa £ uwjux
Qpfuutut^f) .luifuutui^r'i uipfuLuutl?) Jpb^bt. np f'ibipn. n-utn.*.
uutt x Qpfutuutfc y tujfuututfc ) utjfuututfc | upbeat, np uiyabpn.
tuntnnpfib nt- n.ngnt.fiut f&bnuibfipp qutp£ t °Af*PPi ututnutnp
Ltupt?* upu*bu np Lnauiuubpnt.lt ^utuubtnt-n. antSt^n. '/ a, p
bjbtuu nt, b put n fin. u%C uti ptupntXtuqbu qutpbix
U n*^_ u ^ ut PtH% "PP uftpbgbut^ ^1/pbp nt%fig^ ntf_ Jutp^
n~f>t(s np Jtujpbp nt. Ifftbbp ncbftp y IfutuiL. fj? qnp Ifp ^""^"fip*
Digitized by
Google
150 Reading Exercises.
uyi Jusq-tfuyfih tuptuptuhrubpau tftrufyp £. btupt? % btupf? f
**P2** H tu pb \ (utrnanvfl-lruSb) tuuop-at-p-biub be tuJCutiuiupiutgab
Jtf* l^pljltutl^ flb^bpatf^ ffn fytupbu tuiuiaiutfon. flh*iufcu bu jus-
-tbk *£ *
a ?*uyg f!u£au tiiu^at-utu fuotfpp lfpUbtT % tfuifita t uaufyiujp
fyt/u/fitpfih fuouup* tuuap ut^tup^au tj.^J^^b ^biF £u/uuiup bu .
uu* ujjhouth ftuX ffp utlushft s bu tujUatuu t^p udtuufid* tuuap*
h-nJutuiiu^nuptru/b bpfyutp opbpb biqpnt flV ffi,utaat-tub- t btu^.
I'^lP ?**& t n p ^ u$ gb uyugtub unuij^ plUfJ* bu ffwp ftupaq_
tunfbtuu tlpuh au tupfn-%n uybputh tutftuti putuht
•*l|ayfAy, ^tupir^j fytuptfjj. fnF ut^tutuiaup-ftubu bppbj*
^fUbflbuutupi fee /'*^^_ b uibap £fp$g£ t jutp/j-fr uth^nqph Jp t
*ap ^mg tijt bu tjtitjnutflbbp i utu jCbaatub- usn.utuununn % usju
gacpta uitu/uimiu^uiiiiubrp , fawptub tuflnit. Jtt % be ugbpu/U Jbpif
uttuiu dp* jbnp^uifyuti biP uutnubpfiu t bppbuu ujju tutuutfiu
tipuMJ tmtupiubaubtat-% ^tutilupt
u l^uipbi | Ltupbly btupbiy ^h h ut btipb p ft tip tutu tutu in
opnt-tuu lib 9* "«- b*upbi | (f"*l'btj 'ipy'f* k tu i L} ^PP °'t!L "CU*
but a. b «*- uautaat.b. bpp bpn.ftpfih btabpop bftbba%tuUhbpp Lp
biub^iru bpbug pybn yphbtau t fib A gat-ghbiati utpbub* nubb*.
qobautub ibbinat-phfib t be. uuipauu^b tuiQpbnufitu jfijbgubtotii
a fT£t bdf? u P^ i"»pb%iujfi &L^L qbiftfi'-ipb au a.utpttu^
uiubiunfityfiu uibni-p pnuL^jli butpbutujfi tupbun 0a.m# utfuat-u
tibpbu | au piauip amp ft u tntub. btuplC J-tutT tip up ujju t u%b
Jut J* butpbumjfi t J a - UJ ifih* n P u t ut sb ([ ut P ou ""~P btuu uiuinut*.
tutuhjAbpp a tub A tu i uLub/b mn-utOj bpp. u%b jpftutLuyau*.
ft-biuL ^tutfiup q,bn. tfutjb Jtt ^bfi qpfyaubpt
U fl #1 LutpA J-tuiP tip uptufb ) u%b J*mtT biupbhtujfi 9i*uu*
iun%bjj fytuplf prtLu^ d*$ t **£_flb bpQtuufyiuufcui tupXtu^aupit. tip
ujipbint. buiiF jat-utuiau ^lutiiup t **ni uptutb \utuq.uu»buth tftutP
Jit tfeinuibpaip-btuti ^tutiiupy luiiau ^tutitup ,pA> ifii) a pad
uhpmu bn ftbp-bObutp . pifJS bntubpauu uitub tub*no b n p '/■**"!■ u
aspgni!hpUbpu £np%mh * qfi u%u lift tupmoup l^phatj fyuiubghbi
tuubqu bu n.bpktu%ut n fruwQtfiuUhg flfaqtutiy ^ihtud:
Digitized by
Google
Reading Exercises. 161
28. 9-f-if bihbf 1 t- U*- r *-«-t-x.
|pA/» q-fiL.qfi br^b-qbuftb ^nqtufybpui at. ifiuyuiuijJJU £, np
irft outhft in tun ft uttvutC ^utqfit. ^u»n unpnq.nt.bau/L. « uiUu^ ubr*.
qutu tqutpq f uiuuiutaatlX) tfiuttuiiuLbput t Lntqbui pfihnuuth- up
fttut+Luti ntJufi | JbtT-utup nc t/nt/utLutt tuuuifiAtuuubrp utuynt^o
t/fiOnututb" Luiutuntl h utb Lnuutb" Irh. ujuiuituputq.fi tf-uttfutUutL
^utqpL. pt bpfync tihtT t^p tftun.nt.fiu , nupfip J-uitfiuuuify putt-Ut^
Lutu £ «^ t h u *J ut k aputn-tuLuit Ll. i/puiu ^nq£- aputq. pninpntlfju
&fifd nututb" nc tfjtCnututb- ♦ ubqutufi uibpnunutLuth uiutuiLbpp
utiru ffvf tuuAUTL. art. utbutpnubruut £t \^LbqbuL.nj tutuiutLp tru
ubqtuuft t[pu*J Jfrujjb iftufiutfa^ulrp tfin.nL.ush- but <\+ftt-nutl(Utu
bfybnbgfibbp Jbb- tftuuuitfp tfbrpuuiuinCb intXfiu t *£//* tfatpq.fi^
utnutC Lp LutUq-iifth f Lfiubp builrt.fi LnqtTt
fanqnuhp usju ufiuflutfyu/b u/hpont-filfitXp) np \\uuinub-nj
uifibqbpuilttuu tfiutnpfiu utnutO uyuiuutbaL.ftJ-fit3t gnubfi f npnt-u
utfttnn. brpqpUp t? brt. nutpfiu iuutuinL.utun.iuu "Pvf'P * 1»**»*M»
putpnjiutiuih Jutuft utauaptuq.ftp <^utubtt \ffi b-bpncufi Dtu^utuusj
nulbfrba , gnuuip Xbnjyp q.nqq.nfbtntf ^utqfit. bfybqbgfi fynL.q.tuj ♦
ut+pbp \\uiu^uju ^tu^utuj butb uifcu tfutuiuttnbu brquto" bit ft
JuinntQy pnjta ffibpu bbbqbai.ni <futJbpq.nL. f&b tub putut putbb-p
q~na pnutb- br brt. ttn Lutpquy * fihpu bpLfit-qutb t put p ft brt. <rn~
qnLfpq.utufrp jytu^iuhuy Jnb £t /(/. 4.
29. ^-r-^ t- ote«
(UnuskO
*l»pt-1 UJ tff' a 'h% n P utpuibp nt- Otuntunnubp nChbp brt. qpL.*.
qtuat-nn u%0 putqq.iuL.np nu ^utpnt-uui u%Lu bpi f>p jutfnqnt.*.
ftfbutu P UJ qq.p Lp tq utpuibp "yb ubt. o&fiu t #yi tuunp utuAt
u%0 lfp putulfbp* W&fy ^uttnftlf qutL.utfy tip ^'nt-ubuutj utju O-ftt.^
qutnftu t A*t- npnt/ybuibt. oip untfnp l?p uiuih th\0 ^uttftupAutq
pnObinc.) bputfutuu op tip oifu ^hut fuutqutint/ % utunp ntn^g. pp
tutftfih th\C uutuuifib Lp aqtf£+ npoutu Lp Outuutj oip qtupnq^
fjifiuip f*p *Y">/£ utqutuibrnc utqntUb dibnpbu t jftupp ^wuiuro-
Lp fttuMjfik utqnL% fiutflfifyp* inqutb l^p flnqnt. *yȣgt nL. qp
Digitized by
Google
152
flnuuututtpnt-ft Jfiuiutuuttfujjb . o&p ftp fuutjflutbfiu nu flnubut^
$-nn tub jilt ^autLuuthap aftutuutnttl Lp thutfuift ututh JhL utb^
l^ftuUp fp fokb' d~u»Jbp fy'u*bg%ftu % Ll. utqutlt tfLpfuttub u t[p
Jbit-uftt
gnm.tr S'VJPP uutumjiy ^uLfthr^u nuputap up JLpgub o&fiu
Lp qvupUfci o&fih "fig Lp yutpft he o&p ftp a-tnufuu nc Stouts,
gbuti JutpJJibp tun tub t^p tfiutfu^fi utneutfb nu gufienQfu tunupu
DUtptrpnu iftf ^'ut tup fit QpLp ^'uthguflb , ^*^J9 ^Luttrfbtafc
uyn. tufn-nuigunju puit^iup l£uiepiu-fii Qp Jj$ ftp IjbnQji ^hrui l^p
t/iautb'Lu. U \^pfl-uA^£ Jbp oin unp£u Jbp in null p ^putuLpLlga
plrpl/bp) npuffcu qfi Jbp pu'qjf.p t/bpiuq.mn.uiuj t fl foe. £'bp~.
p}tub outpbpnu Jtf ffP ffwufhu ftpbun o&p. utu tuusututufuuih
Lite must • u \&isu£u A&n untutubu fih A . tbutibutpb tfi b "fit*
puyg utiusulsutpbift k> m £ u/u f l n p "-"'M &bp qutulffiu diu^p
jfiptji b*. Lu uti f»»T tun^Ci » f*putpnu ^bui ^b%B fypb»**p ^utput
""HPfiUn *. bu/JiuJ/. UflnMuadvdnuag:
B. Poetry.
|\ / uuttuutuututL ftiP uLpnt-u t
"£i»L.m *[bpf utnt-p uyn- fttuinbpneut
p"^ t ^£ru in butt bp tj.nu Jftpk %
{\punpq.p ^Lq_fe "-f»u»k*
fytuftift p | thtufuft p % ufipbtftu %
ftP tCHUy fib atupunufiu t
)
'igUiiutuuututLp funpnuifiL
&£J>bp% q.utp&nt.g pnprtputfiu*
|}t. uibuivflibph ftp put put L
§uLLa | thutfuutu put in utputa. .
flpurtptiXt nt.nnbra ftp ^putautit
Q)m.«/2/2T uun-ut^ tfutn-oq. tftauiguiut
ITJvJip-mp <Qn(lviuig]t :
Digitized by
Google
1B3
2. u*""-'*!"-* UtfP*»
tytunj* *£^^j QfunL.u ftP Jutpq.uiukp\
\\p tuut^btjfp qfu uiju ff^p.
$nt.fp uihnjj bpwq ni- ^"t%
||* Akrwrc ^uiuuiit tftttubpu tutq_nt%t
fl|a/^£ %uthu uyuop nL. Jf»2*n
\phnnpu #»*_' afru tuuthnpX u/h'Jfjtn .
S nL f n P PIU! U, T uibdhn uttfpfh-
|jc uipJ-tuuf ufpnjb \jptfhftj>
lXpq.ftultutt.i-in Iru tttuaftt
f^fltult opbpb ftP tibuibppht [\JJ^ut
\\uauiu atrparunLutb tfutJhp tnt-uuttimn.^
^tutibp ^tui.oh-pnc. tluitub fpbua fi utn. ,
ff'^tr* y nt.abJ % bu tut t/uttbt tubLnnfu ^
|» .pnt.% tftut^lrt ftP [ttnhf utLuthnnfih %
m \ % nt.fptrtP *£bqf) \\uutnt-uib- tyutflntf-ph ,
\%nt.fift.%u ^luttutlf) ftP ufputb nu <^nnf%t |^«/ftrt
tytunj, ^trqjt nt/_ S^p%
(\p Jhp ulrnutb
"fine pu/pftpblrp
irfytn l[p uibnu/bt
£iinp}4r %itin-L. S" L /' '"nouttnfib
Z^na.t.ntn. ttbnuun. Qnopbuit ^wa
top jutptutnbL. top i/iwputurf'h
Op^btyy tt/bnL.'btf.i \\t/ujbp ifcjnwijt
to'^s uttupfbp jutp
tytttnnfn. ^ttttfit/p t Wi/^ut
Digitized by
Google
164
5. M~l~£ -- iTi-Mf
tynt-uftfi tip Jkfj »«-/' vusn^^ulrp ljuu$ £<«//& t
\}uil[Ut£U op up J>nijh kp fitfirp t&fautffiu ♦
^ft^tuutbu^h utunp pni.pnt.tSt kp uin.li p.
b/ 9 /* {/* qtupu&u n.nt- Juiuuiojfib
f\u bu jni.unt.iua- nuhl^pUn.pbtl % %
\\HubiT % bpu% k u i£t u i nL lt ,u
ftp a-bqa-lrqtr uya.nL.1b q-kiTt
\?ppnp qtupubu t/tuuuiojfiu
\fuj utftljh bpnu n. inusfy bp [fib ,
^tuuiftb <$utuifi£ at. ifffafrui t
b/*/ 1 kp autpbbu tlusuutoipu
Q'/ltautu usunjp JhnJopop ,
%\_Jiytn nc autulrp t^p ^utffih
XTnJfittfi'b ujfru SfcpuiJopi
^•"US bpp qtupubu uujuutojfiu*
i^ubt/tuuifcu LnpniHi)
\\utpbbu ^tubftbp ftutuut^tu ,
\tfbnqu-tuu uti /upiini£fit
\/pp unL.tua.hu i/tuuino£pu
\unuutp<^ftiT ant, usn.^bi. Iru ,
£jfi ubu ut £olrppii. 'f""Jlp u
^bpypjU^ncuta- m ppunL.^t-nJu u^^ux
Jtnt. ibnofttj. u%f__ dasuuiojftu
^pbytniububpu «y_ fy'aJiujjfiu
%utjuusu&f>u J>ba^y \\ ft fob*
Digitized by
Google
165
\fppi*p qui ith tr u ifutumoifiui
fthutnj jtrnuutb- Jpputthhu ,
He/ 7- u, bupU £ £v upftiputtfiu ♦ 4 ♦
\\ f utiu * fihu tip n.hn. Juihnult hut
(ITtauJinJ IT. Udki/hmd:
u \\utnh[t tT'hiT hu jssinfH nc thvubtT)
fisup&p) ^uiuuttundluut trL. ^m^tf-Lnu^
( \+piJ ,t -f uu S utu ^ i f' uttftuhpnc uhiF^
\j*.uinpk vunb-tufcb ut<£tvplraut
u \%tf % P utudip nc fdatt- nuutna u%C^L
— \$y**"lP i/tuqhp ^utJiftunuft f
%\jv/p—a. ^'"[bp f> 1^ U P 'f'ptf'l'l
Q #Y' "/f utyfuutp ^ utuu u*uh t
B ^t.| u/b&pJMi-f &[iub nt- l^iupt^nuut %
$"*ptrpg quypnjp*h % nfu nc £&,
Qu% funpututLhp nj<f~u uthLtutunuui ,
\ju *htP Jtufttutup hphfihpt;% ♦ ♦ ♦ »
U jC^*-#foy»n*_i/ *^£_ u f UJU 'nuiuujnf>1i
fb%n.*hng pnjhhp ptuqJu»p-jtt^^
[\pnhtj anuiupfl hpa. *ȣ. tuutpftu
Wfyu/hf nphhtT guya. nt- uifiut
£/"%pfl u *hhppht. ^nJpi^p jutJhru^
\pnn%tuu dp put) atut-% tutiku puth^
\rf&> tfitunou hpa.hu uutphtutyo utittfu
\jL. unfuuiljuhp op\huipu/ut
a \\utphpnuu ututb pyuhp pninpy
f&*pqnutr t n.u»auia hu ihtfilb j
0/24? m -£_ i""^ 'fa*' Is n i"P ifninp *
\\nutpfi'h 1 tfipfpfih , l^npph^jih t
Digitized by
Google
156
U fru uAuutuusb bt. ujbpZk faPnq%
\\1bnhij q-kiT np jnfunpvnuah t
Z^pujutpui busn.fib iatpjuiuipi J>nJ
H/"/- *J(l fppf*- u/htufiuiu/b i
Ui\h£u. 9». 0tuanuhuiU:
\binu ^sypfit, f)£_ fact Jfi-u 1 *
\\pukp 6tM' 1&JL u "^ s ' b p—^
fint-tsiubr Ju»pn.bp
fclr tlft^u* J>pkgni-2J
gbpbubbpnult Jkfjrh putptuty %
flpg uphr^nt-uft ^» %iiu/Lft% %
l|m-#L "l^njt^bbp ubc nt- TfbpJtub
Aj"P fe fyut/ulfb ^u/ut ft fib pipit
{\iTu/hg trpl i ujh s nJu/hg 4pinp>
XPuSUpftlf) tftujj^nuU bu ^nL.umhgf»l^ %
gtrpbL.tlrpnL.1b tfoptuj fun^np %
lip tyiupb-pufth putlnL.u*b bsunfibi
WpgntXg bl fit £u,qfi faPfo
H\Ju[ph gu/h 3 kt #oqni.ujb ^P l£P %
gjlilpnt-fciui uipq.bqg) tfiupiu 1tnpuib-f$f t
l|Uf</* utuutrjbpg'b [fb If tub- J-nu^ftutx
Digitized by
Google
167
\frnbg tupgnCbp £&u, n^_ o-n^utp t
I^lr/f*.^ fiitvqnn^ Vh qntfatptup t
W*/Y»^» £?/» JfiuajU op^'blrg Quaint-tub- 1
S^yl* zfiuLaffo pyu ^plr^tulfubp
- b"*-/»/* t/uttnu&pn^b ftptfhg Tftupututp y
Wjafru&pnt% uijhu/u tr#ic.£yF,
\l ftp null tnniup) Xlnjfi ^tudlupt
Jituit/ty if. Soahihiud:
10. e-rt ^.-^.a,
(Uut/lfQtvtl£t(i:J
Qp^puutn tutvutnu tip q.iup%utu
Qoqnut) l^ftutupyuy
Wqaunp utq£ftfy it* uAshpdtub %
Z^uipulitjnL. Jfi fn/ut
\ptf.utpuiu{iu u%f iffthtuLy
\}p gat. tug ni.fi nc TSklrptTutL
Qit-ptub tT'ir tnbupnj t
}yiuqbpu utfifit-n. nutrbqob-*
1|» uutbn-ptr utbfiy
f|c l(p utupuntuu [ufcfjtp ^nbr
\fU tunpuib ^n tutu fit
flc tftupuhrpp^ fegpnt-fiu,
mjttrtuu unjbtutuuiu*
\j*.ptftujintl Pp t -ptf u fcp tftupabfiu t
\oaptulb tfuiapnt-fi-lru/ui
HJLP u "&hpl'' u tfawpu'g
1%n!utfa % uiq^ptfuAi
\}np.op tu^^pb £■ ^u!bn.fituusb %
•GpP a f t/Erptynt-ftbtuu . . . t
Digitized by
Google
158
0*>t /^£_ umJoP % \\uutni.ujb /"/*!
hfifiifit Irtpq: . . «„
\jt- utnnunpp uuipun.uia.pb
QuAifyuipbr l£usa%fa pin-%
fyan.au/b- uushuipp n.lrn. a.l(uhu x
\) % ujqbpni.% JbrpOL.x
tt
Qnuintu f<Jiiyni%'u £ uyuop
Hfipnuu uMntftl^U tuj% %
frnp.ni.LV uti % uuiitmpn uibnp t
£uut utL.u/bn.ai-P-a'Uiht
Ufiwrngku QuqinuJ^JnMliiuU:
11. U-hr;»
t/*» LP- f-f" na ''f % % uifuai-p Irtf* ujjupuSb ,
l^lytfym 4" /^f^ ifzyhu uMUiutauin. *
&PP?/tt *Ql ^fi* ^utn^ufusLutu
UPputau t frhfyapi £&ppujp % juiJlun.\
\ft. 2n,£fhau ^nup uibpmatfi
\lrn.uiu yutuitvp pnguia-njh fa
Wptfii-njb tfbpO[ih %p2_yjblrpat[%
^ppuipuia-bn at- ufuupJuAt
VLyifii **fc < Z n ' u 4! r v u £ &«»£■£♦
Qutp ii.tr p% nuLfc Lp pan^nttu/h ,
li#» uu/liutpfa Jtuab ftp auLhrflirtx
l|£ uushmpfa Qtujh uutuutpnJ nufyfi ,
Qc Jft trt- unjb utmu% 1/faptM.fa*
1|£» [unn.aijl» lrpa.fa% ^""-/'t
]\'jbguiu *fa*f/'£_ firnusuusfyfa t
Digitized by
Google
169
|yr ^ rr t- fifth Jkf t hun_iuJut[in
\\tvnfr wb^iynJ tip tfnlb n.fth *
)\'i *ft tnbulibp funt.p'b nt. J-uynp %
\pf,uj/b ft t[bp tu^glrpb $iujf,%t
Wlfip* LtuphbtT Ph $nt.uL tututu
1|"*-/ bncwu/h *huu% nt. 'huiuiut/tup f
n «- \ntik[«>ji* k »r Vlwpj
\%pb*h frno-ttttb uihnp uitutnauin t
/?•. Q, *lhiiitfliihiu&:
12. b f ir~c t »
\}P(? mptf-a.nfU tfiu^nL. ^pbjuiutfy
Xtft^ntX <tupnntl_ iT'figik f"^ ft^ * • •
£nn ftu/hu/ti ntutjau nt. ^nafru^
t hf" n '}kj> *>p f-bn. Lnttn.tuhft irift
\tPtr uphuippu* hiT tnfitutup
J^ntP tfp iljitnfun nt. tfut^utn.fci/* t
fl^* 1f£Zf*-lk tjnt-ptn lfutn.iuif.iuffip t
^fiwgirn ttp nlrn. Lb'bn.tu'bfi trtTi
\}Pk? CkUibtnnJu uspinoupiuqoo-
QJiu ujiuuiuibfi u^O gnu put qbpn. tu^u
tyu/Pprttb ) trpuah ubu n.uiq.uinji %
^fi—gkrj* np n.bn. Lb%n.uihf* trtTx
\}Pk < fl*>Jw *"fant.p LnChtu^
ffrppn.nL.1t hfihutnh i/ut^nu if.pt/-fuirtPf
*\%tun.tunu tunlbt f>p J u "fpP •£!'%/£ 1
^fi—a^D np n.bn. bb'bn.utuft btFx
\fPt- Jutpn.ft(fb &u/u Jui^bpnuttf
f|/vp ubu nL%fih be funtrnn. Ol^iF
2 m utdutupihn.b% fttnt%L at- "*qof*rp >
<|.Atfto£rj» np n.bn. bb*b nuthft btTx
Digitized by
Google
160
0ȣ juipi^utpbu fftT ^nnuifyajtu t
\}L. \bbbhrJtutfp nc upa.utt£h
\%tP "(*!'" ittBI' ptU<Jf%pL.Ku ,
€ \*[»u*ijk.(» "p Jp2^P ^bui^uibft btTt
\*ufy iuuup^tu% bfifb tfnbtuj
t*r4pfl J^k f"np£j» ^nquitfnjtnb fiiT t
\ji- jfijuitniulfu tut ft-tutiuiJjt)
ll"Vf 11/^ futbu bu l^p JbnufiiTt
13. 8-i«A-tfr-«
W^butu ^apatub f& nt-ifib pnt. <^bui
Z^ntfttlfb uijh ut£^ J»Pzb*J wtupuiL.*
i^utnuifif-uipituiT butiifiQu tu%^btn %
*f*bn. ££» pnuptuo" fiutuwn. bnpuic t
|| be ik. hit bqtfitih Jit tit up baftti t
\^uann ^bntUL. uibnp ifjiiituu *
1)^/'^/ ^tutfiup briftiiub- ^nafiu
fljbubp ftftfL. fi a-bpbqtftuui
14. &
i*
WQhivfunutffn tulip pbnt.filfii.1b dp ufbpfil
bpfifa tfartCfitn p uip&p nt. fit bu frit fy'/'fokp t t?'p>
\\uipuiubintji opopnt-bintlj kni-iop k" %
•ftuitat-uihrofiu tub** bunQ dtupmibn be puutactupt
f)t- ifinnngjtu Jityfiffiu tfe±puy l^p tfipa-kp
-tfbpifuibni.fi9fiL.uu hpLu J±llP nt -> X dbfujjbi JSt nt i*
ftmpbpnc tntuf^ l^p fynfutypn.utni-trp » ffp lCJ n -kp%
\flfU input tit. u0 tffrptn nu J*h> dpb tui }tu ^Wp ntft
Hl_bpbv ^fitful £jit%p lutLiuut bp tfiunnt-bp t
Qoduiptu^tuiT pniunJ bfifbpp tfuituiyui .
\flJbJfctutfiuuinjij L/'UU bp ***% np lfn fiftuqni-bp
fynuft Jh ifkfgbfufi, tuti^nu. nu uibifinjfitt
9*. J^ofipuiuj :
Digitized by
Google
161
15. U-rP-t-re.'
Wnurnuu/h JhntT uhupKh utu»L s
HP&qiP % ^u*i/pttfp{ib Ufku fouf* f
lf#f r h nr 11 1'l^' Jytynt-uh
\nt-pfl- itriuiublrp% nu T\lrpJtuLt
If&qtT* <^unFpypftb uftu fyy*>l»)
\\n-ft •ulanbg pnapb jnuuiiuL .
\nt-pfl i/rjutpb/rfrb nu TfkbptfiuL
guipilinut auiUOtrp tr% % P u b x
\\n ft utbnba pnjpU iputnuiL ^
\kb*tul;u ^ut-p tip *bnp ^tupuh*
§uiptfinui Mu/tiO&p frb x /»"/»♦
ftn£J>lrph ujjtf.rtL.Tby yyb- fir£u//ft
fii^aftu ^bt^p *fp 1bnp ^uipufr*
\biuttyt ^bjuiutlbp ifptt 4" uttMtp.
8 n l£&pti W«-^» Uyb £&£«£,
16. n-t-^x,
*\%utuiuput1bft <£uiJbpl;u *[bpf uppprpfluig ,
\?pfi fyp tj.iuiL%tu$T wnuh JputpnJ [uabfttL. gp%q.uib- f
J^uiqfiL. ^i/pfih If tuhtjntXbtT q.putb f\«X«»^fX f
£nL.[$iut utuuiijfatjbbp juihlpupb- utttffiu l^p ifmtjifjh)
l^pb^intultfitjblfp Uibfd-lru \m--jX- nu *bt»-"»ff »
— % ^tr* lut^ay-puitf* ptiL.pfwny tAgpncp^ Jftuup tf*fpn.
\*pb%tj bpq.frb ffp^y [iiT utatJIipu* bp/ffi'l . . .
kf_ t^n JntCbiuit funhftubg) ^"f- t tff'ZJ" t i»«ftfc A^£j
\pfl/b*pL. utyobppu btuUputUu/b ouingp ft Itfibf. . . t
Elementary Armenian Grammar. 11
Digitized by
Google
162
gjiunt-uib ^IrutUpfi funu^ <f-pptapt% usbut[unp<f ,
if u0n.u»%Xbus% us iT [upgfilrfiu u%f^ ICP-tk l" n P? *
^VPH P m ^ll+ t Q^_ q-Wix t hu$jnt/_ fyutJutgni-L*
\CbJi t[n puthuy t^putt^utputhftu tfibi^irp unja. i
|^^, ^nt[.ttijni%tj ) %pt-fiputfyu/h uyq. ujut^ntjb*
\unn^ni-nnfiulrpnL. {unpfth* utbbrftp nu uAt^nOL
\f1i£_ Ut^tUtp^hbp ZmSmjlmfmjf Uj.~j.jJX
||m B-utt-uttfih* u/hp-utpP us^uttjpu utnffib . . . t
|ji_ Lp uLpufftT tru utt n.mix*UuMi ututiha ^iruw ,
|p/tr«£i_ u»%£ni-L s/htnpfi Jjtutppu u/b^&ut . . .•
l\X«J.~«t % np tj.utn% % ndluhg , uyfng u/uai-p fcp
\}/>putu nu <^ntf.ffu £_TlU{'4 n 1_ lipgutb jnu^bp
^pit.bqu Patfutb- k O-uShltfiu uiui£ t tttf^ uftutfc . . .
XlphuiiT auihnbu Jnribuii tfjujpl^buib tfp JJifl-^ . . .*
•| | ^l*l«rX . . ypbiLm-iT iT puutnutfphb pot. np fttrn-ttfitt — —
\\pljbutututtnfyk fli[&trpu tffijuitrpu (»'°J_ "L. ufii *
frusta bpp nt-qquiP utltuop huttnt-uthrapu ^lrnnt-u %
\£uuiutpusa.fip ^npfianhfih u&L.£rnnulb %
n'*-/' % ^<"tfp, bpuiq f>pwp aptfwb ffp ^uijfihf
f) J U9UU UlftUt 9 fit/A mt^m,lmjjX J^mLm^X . . .1
17. ufr" 1 *'
(frfijirplU iuutnnirp nu tnuuhusL %
QlrpArtfh utt g n £J>h wpbi-nt-tt
\\p /f£* u /fi'tr gupni-lbutf
\fptflifiij fyutufnjuipts tub^nuh)
P>ft »w o ut Jut It tilt uushuitult)
% rj*u*n-lrp % ftiL^nultp m. Jutptt.pL
M/» jnjutiflit- jnt-pPl ^ifuif
\*p utjirwg u%f__ ^u/b*j-wpu>fi'tj
Digitized by
Google
163
hri^kf* bn<[ndb % gtuJutgftb
Z,"l[i iT 9 u»bpfib- % uthtupiutn %
18. 6--M-- u !-rt'
l»"^r^ o^^ %JuSb l(IShun[np %
\}pobp[i ttTu/b unt-pp nu {imp,
*£ui% qipLufih p%£_ iutptunp .
frq&fi «y£cf /'^^ £<«/ ^ujpnLutn
h ^£_ f.n/nt.p&Mu% qnjij. utbnuuui .
19. ^.t r .^^ U^Cfc.
\\yu s JJP ju»p y P£ irpPiutT
Zf^n-riL. bplfftp uiaubq-fuutfiLy
Ut//_ 2!"- u " t 4- ^ m q-UinlitutT.
f) ^» «^"^ utuusbq. ufiputfyuSh
8" L /' ^»^» 'hyp* J>nu ^tuJpnjpx
\\nutu ^tutfpypU nc a%iug.
e. 9.. #•...
Digitized by
Google
164
lie//, b mm P **2k am P^fi i
fan. tut- u»nuL% ftp Louuia
Z^trnaL. bplffip tyutun.fuuifi£
\P&n.utufttP tru utuJ-tutTx
V\ WtJiliPiutiktua:
20. \»-f~~* >> uJrr«
|\auiAC Jtt XJpush u \% %£_ tti.it/iu , utnffiL .
Slruuy qusjit JftbutLy ^putm.tP } Jttmutbfyntn ,
^uuttub piPpb fapwlkt fl*- fat. tutu tntOJi^ » fl
H>Jjft utpgnAqtulrpnq^ u \\uiftnpJi f ^putufnt-puibr
tor uuykp ^trn-niX) [\nuj£fiu <y>£fc,
|]£x. tf£«- utttiuhrpadu Z^uu-uiu/gft ftpbr% %
f)c h-nifntX fupn.ni£_t \utuplrj qftu ^ a-phutj . . ,» n
*/. fiiil/kittd:
21. n^^ f -. r -. r ).
<^uipnt.uulrpp tl/t^ut <Zfiutrpu Iris
^wpq.u»bjihrusn m. pngtubnj^j
\\t/tubp l^uttunjut s ui^jtlrp Jbqnj^
<\*fiuo»iai.flfiuu Jit ffp pnt-pbut
Wjlru/Lvbp utip Iru jutuputlrutts ^
Hjun% iMipiiutafitu k vnp q.tupnJb )
tlA>f£/' uputtfu uSuiju^f/tt ^trtinuu ^
f|c (utuivhpt.fi u $[iu jp-nt.pirutu%
\}ptuatulq>[i .gwqgp ou opbp t
\nt-untfy P1fP ni l__ y*uqat-u*b jtut-k** %
%\lrtultafi nt-afth Jfty*» tupuStui.frut X
\f*ut n(t fob pat. u%0u £ tuut^nt.irp t
Digitized by
Google
165
\\lffnn Oncpntf^ Ifp hun-u»lfr y
\ni-uplilfuyfili qbpq. ^««/^/^t
\7Ctufypb ufi-u uabninpp ^twfiuft
*^tun.ui£_ £nt 4 b[i ftp (rptj-fih ^bm ,
fruyn.irpn ijwt- ^U*i» utuap fipob ,
\\ tuhgbfi uthXutjh uitfrntjbphirptt/ ,
{[JLfiuihpi ift£_ kCWHJ i&^btnx
^ntf-ffh uuitytufb ^"-fbp ^uiutnutjj
[\Jk% ptu% Ifbqb- fynt-f.iv/ fyuipbtrU)
\} % nt-flfitt tfiupnq^ tuunuufft% uj£ru
ll'nt-qk php tut Jht.pfS% lrp[tlui[j
l|« ifbputh'hfih JJr^ui tj.utpnt3i%&pi
f)*n tnLVb/rpn fynt.if.utb ti#yi£-tr,
§lru utph-fti%b^tl§ ut£^ unfuftrpb%
\\n uptuthuib ttiubift *lf*p*
\y npnbbtF qn*-p nu uptnutpirfy^
Qt"L.tt Uint -P tf.bpbqt/u/ltfih ,
^/ tt -pfC. u $ u "fyfl{p tfirptubutnJfpU)
XPuttrpt/nLpfii.%1 ^uii-uiuip, nt.p k^ x
/?». nwUiihrnCL:
22. m — j — s
Jh'jy Pn^btufy ufipntX) fl tigjuify utVbptTu/b )
fftffi. ^utuiMiututpfitF fytt/putujbut tf.u*phuth>
\\uibui4 nt. uftiptunuid* k tlft^y £ nL - *y nt -pwfyi
«£#»t_ trpfyhutfyivtfiup* ff&f nt - fyutufnt-utuify.
A^P2} nrn l_ tf^ PpP nut P jjhwpfrl Ptr£bpt
\ft. ant. tnutpnt-uth Jtf_fyp ufusfyufi &pJbn.t
Digitized by
Google
166
\}t- mtttfk m—pfi pkbi Jfi yrpfuth*
*{*mphuib aftbhrtac pblflip mhpmJ-ui% t g^ ,j
23. 0. L —.^t,
\pfii£n.brn. njJ~ nubftu n.ni- auJlrtttufb op
\\ufpat-uutfi ^utjutp Jip^fiu* ptM/iptr^ni. ,
W$fiv*pp 9 ni[Jtupn. % LuipLuanuib Urn on J
\\nj>w»fi tr</2vtr % £ap <£***£ ifna-pwjni. t
\*ul( Irppnp ^nijbftu pbuit- n^ Jfi jnju
•£<**- y^fi *Ip**J — — *in.mbtj wuiuiwUJluls
Z^tujplfbfi bpfifipn. op<^t&tnJ % uj*a»n.fyf!p
|y«- jnt-n. aJJbJa.ni.tt* ifiujlp a-trphaJtubx
friuji(lt/\ 0. lldntfibuid'.
Digitized by
Google
IV. Voeabulapy.
A. Armenian-English.
— Indicates the repetition of the same tvord. Words in paren-
theses serve to complete the sense of those words that precede
or follow them.
uiqjrf,* supplication j — tupfa*.
ui^uiptu^ farm.
—ifi tail.
tut^um free; — «»/?«•»/• deliverer,
liberator; — fy_ to save.
—If nation; — utQuAt relative.
vuqhm-u*l(uA* nobleman.
utp-ifn. chair.
uffforir cheap.
—l_ too, also.
'"L L * * • no mor ©«
—[ke wave.
usfunn. stable.
utfuupdut^ appetite.
utfuupJ-fn^ to like.
««#*fy_ to lay; to play (on piano etc.).
muMf[J, razor.
—*bd!L to shave.
iufyuA*f ear.
«»(l>fttf^ to expect.
w([i,j[ui[nupituh expectation, hope.
uii^nuUp. club.
ut^n.ufj tOOth.
tu^utp\i»L. terrible.
M«{ar(i.tt«M^f) here is, here are.
u,$n.y& shocking, horrible.
««^ salt.
—I^L *° grind.
utqunjuityki^ to cry.
«"Ci*L to entreat, to supplicate.
wquiuhft pigeon.
iuqLf_ bow.
supplicating.
uiqtfiii-^ noise.
""itbk giyi-
iu nut nm dirty.
utnpmu salad.
utnjtuiut poor.
tunout dim.
uiHop^uftub miller.
wqopfip mill.
uj^utuguiputifft haste.
««*?/_ to grow.
uttfiyfi desert.
tuJuin. summer.
usJpnfu crowd, multitude.
tuJpLunf_ whole.
uiJb^fr fierce, furious, raging.
ut»hVu every, all.
WMuutQutputL Almighty.
tuJfru month.
u*Jhi.j_ barren.
uttinuupu spouse.
utJnunuutitut^ to marry.
uiJhup firm, strong.
tutOfupfi bachelor.
•—IJh—L. to be ashamed.
•■"fy cloud.
utJiftn^k^ to comprise, to com-
prehend.
uitTop- shame; — —$«*? confused,
abashed.
uyp.nt_pUu alphabet.
Digitized by
Google
168
Vocabulary.
*U t t lr k—-P' vintage.
«/f f> vineyard.
uyiuAofutb queer.
«vy* goat; — h-j* buck; — tntf
doe.
«y/«°/» to-day.
u^tn cheek.
««//» husband.
*Vd k lkL *° visit.
u/isuiu^utut desert, wilderness.
ut%u»unu\ animal.
u#ir«M/»f lr^ to despise.
«»trfW even; times; — «£ once.
ui%fm±p- merciless.
wtf^MiuJ unawares, unconscious.
uAtf.iuy.wp incessantly, ever.
uiuqop feeble, weak.
uiuj&n.$uiua constantly.
uilfi&tr^ to curse.
uthfotuu wrong; — *£_ to do wrong,
to do an injustice.
utujiu wheel.
uAfum^btT imprudent.
u/L{un.i*i[^ calm.
u/u^uihof^ unknown, stranger.
utu^uq^u bed.
ut%\usum% irregular.
m%^mu»uMp imperfect.
mu\u»pls^ impossible.
u&lihqh sincere.
u,%bf,iJh corner.
uiu$utJh$Ruu* incomparable.
u*uA person ; — uutQu/u personal ;
— ^utunpm.p-l>L% personage.
u0u»fiu$ immortal.
usuilbq^ innocent.
utu^n^iut assuredly, certainly.
luiimqnpj* relentless.
-^"Ul. sweet.
usuHL.uiuki_ *° name, to call.
ufraiJu noun, name.
mhmutjCiyjC plain, unadorned.
uiXuum^JuA* immense.
tuhutium. forest, woods.
u.u0u*t.mp transient, fleeting.
uJiigkut^ past, last.
—ijfrl'L *° pass.
uAsoflf, hungry.
tulop»L.pfiiX hunger.
ut^hpm pupil, disciple.
ui^futu$nuA,u labour.
—ifawpt world: — uipiup modern
(Armenian).
ui^mtX autumn.
"14 eye.
usmui$mfeuk L to assure.
uMuiuiuXfc future.
Muiukpusfiut ungrateful.
—Ui^pl^'H unhappy.
""il^L to De astonished.
uiiuul^ stupid, silly.
tutumup soup.
utiuuiupt^_ to order.
mtuumusdp. rebel; — uup-fuJh re-
volt, rebellion.
uiiupu*%u goods, wares.
U«fi»AL April; to live.
"•£ right (hand).
UMU.W& proverb.
tum.u»X d without.
u*m.u,f_ before, ago; — {A first;
- /» the former.
u»u-u»fuip^ui-Plu.u offer, proposal.
usit.Muutntuq_ roof, ceiling.
u$u.u»m abundant.
"Pt^L to object.
• morning.
usu-uigpLfc virtuous.
usn.iM i gp%0,a.p-fitJh virtue.
tun.pL.h- lion.
uin-%k[_ to take.
iuu.at.utlf brook.
uiu.fku before; — ^l&L t° meet.
iuu.u»nt- morn.
uiuhq_ needle.
uiuqusJuAi needlecase.
utuutfi cloth.
tuuiubut knight.
utuuiusn. lining.
uiuutn star.
\\uutmL.u*b God ; — ui^muu^ Bible.
u*u,k L to hate.
uMmku time; — <tg once, formerly.
—p—*tbt_ stork.
uipuMputo- creature.
—Pil'L^L *° forbid, to prevent.
-Pt-p just; — bu indeed; uL.p-ftL.%
justice.
utphtLutlf sun.
uiptt. sun; — ti# east; — Jhuuig
west.
-'P^ua'lt^ to wake.
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
169
mpJu/hp worthy: — PlU"L to de-
serve.
u,pdb L to cost.
T*k4> worth, price.
"*pfr valiant, brave.
utpfiLh blood.
wp&uip- silver.
utpAuM^nLpif. holiday.
tupJiuin rOOt.
mpJiuL. date ; — irftp date- tree.
uipJuffe corn, production.
—pf_ bear.
uipnukuui art; — a#^$«r artist.
tuftm field.
uipuinjtn lark.
avputoup, mpjuuYyt tear.
$upp«u%te court.
«wt_tf«f_ sand.
*ui-uiquiti robber.
iul ut%tul[ donkey.
ivLuAi^nLpfttJh tradition.
«"-«r'[. to conclude.
«««-£/ broom.
uuuhjhu*i^ to be added.
""-&L to sweep.
u»4> palm of the hand.
u*tf,%, uiifmrfip shore, coast.
utgnuquiq^ COCk.
u.j>u, g k L to kick.
pumiTng sofa, seat.
ftM»ffuf/«7»n. arm-chair.
puttfnuff arm.
puxfuttf glass, cup.
pu0tf%k/_ to divide.
putty yard.
P—W fortune, fate.
putqif.u$u$hi^ to compare.
puiqfub/_ to knock.
puiqAuSly! wish, desire.
puiigifo, bath.
f»«y/ verb.
pu/% thing; umJVu — pVL^au^ £ all
hope is lost.
p.ui%un_ to open; — f» key.
puthtuuuth nh- poet.
puSLnt-uib ena mailed.
pu&in prison: — »»/»4*L to im-
prison.
ptujfuh^ to distribute.
puin. word; — ««/»««*» dictionary.
puMpu,^ thin, slender, subtile.
ptuppum. dialect, tongue.
pujphpuiq^ fortunate.
puipklftuiT friend.
pwpb&hu handsome.
puiphpmp benefactor.
putptrL. compliment, salutation.
rrf good.
puip/furbmi^ to be angry.
piupAp high; — m#^m#*m4 tall.
puipytu^uAs moral.
pwpn^PptA, goodness.
pu*pt.ipk[_ to improve, to perfect*
pu,popnt-PpLh welfare.
P—3 open; f£»a» — ajar.
puigtum.HLpfnA» exception.
pu,gutu,p»t.ppi\ expl an ation .
pusi.iuQiu'h enough, sufficient.
Ppnt-Q crest.
ptm. burden, load: — WJftt porter.
phpmh mouth; Jkb — with one
voice, unanimously.
ptplr^ to bring.
plrt-hn. pole.
pfttuJpu, dull.
PJP'-P ten thousand.
!»/««-/» hill.
piuttfL to dwell, to live.
pl„,fyf>2_ inhabitant.
p%u*,. «/•«. pfiL% disposition .
P%f,„% farthing, mite.
f*»/k nest.
p»f- herb, plant.
pn^nt^iu^f^ to contain, to com-
prise.
pnt.p- blunt.
P*Ll original, proper.
pnun.% violent, intense.
pnuuiufyuAt vegetable.
P« LU %p L to sprout, to grow.
pm-pif. wool.
pnLpnLiT fragrance.
pn.%k^ to hold, to seize.
pptfhuy woollen.
PphiT to dig, to hoe.
PPphA rice.
ppni-ut potter.
Digitized by
Google
170
Vocabulary.
^u,^u*p- top; — iru^lrM Zenith.
f —L to come.
fu0iu$pmuu,& wriggled.
f ««$ throne.
f.wqtuif,uip opinion, idea.
f uirturir dwarf.
*W nail j — A/_ to drive (a nail).
fVL. wolf.
fui%fu$Mfa to complain.
f.«#i»i treasure; - «"y&«« treasurer.
9 —m-m^biL menagery, cage.
^mm%mu^ lamb.
+wpkfm*.p beer.
+utpkfpm$nmJu alehOUSO.
^utpmL.% spring.
fwuuifuA, stick, sceptre.
iLm^mfi- CUp.
tbquXfr fine, handsome, beautiful.
^kampmL.hmm^ fine arts.
t^&tk beautiful.
f.fr«f river; — «•»$ stream; — «•»#
bank.
i^kut^Tu ground, earth.
f ty£ slave.
^bpmL.p-^u% slavery.
1 4-2. bad.
*fy fat.
fM line.
*/& price.
+lfckiimg_ drunkard.
fftiifi wine.
+ft mt L drunk; — %ui^ to get — .
tbih night; — p-pfr good — .
tj.{iu,lu* L to know.
iftutm^pitL.ls science, learning.
tte letter, character.
lfo%us L to become fat.
ttP4t book.
tA«-f. village; — «fj£ peasant.
t nt am ek fez, h&k
ItfuutLmp chief, principal.
*/»«-A* head; chapter.
+h-u»^plri_ to draw.
f *»*/_ to buy, to purchase.
fiuifuff bullet.
*"l**j apron.
**$ contented; — «*-^«#J«*-^//i_^
contentment,
f "{"T jewel.
f*7 thief; — %m§ to steal ; — •%
theft.
*»«/• stable.
f *P» colour.
* m l!?L to exclaim, to cry.
+mu.u»i_ to roar.
t m 1t:L to praise.
+—£*— praise, eulogy.
f m r b work, affair, deed, business ;
— —te^L *° fulfil, to execute;
— u»& mL.fi- ft l^i use; — ««-«{j
workman.
*■«. gray.
+ m P—b! tt t»*'fi affectionate.
f j shut; — *£_ to shut; — /•*»*/_
to learn by heart.
+ mi -U!tft stocking.
t»*-«^/»*«-A/_ to assemble, to con-
vene.
a.mLX»um pale, tarnished.
tt a^'iiu,t.nph L to dye, to colour.
t » t Z"»t^L to predict, to foresee.
f«»u<{ cap.
9 «iX£r^ to find, to discover.
? pu *pu,p literal; ^««y — ancient
Armenian.
HpuiukauA, desk.
W—nlutp writing-book.
tf*L to write.
fflfa. pen.
fft^L to embrace.
tp-l, writer.
IP&k-'L pen-holder.
npufuit pocket.
iwuk or ir^ mL i manual.
'^^"1 coffin, bier.
+—+ctL to cease.
^^Jm^/i icteric.
9.«<{&(<«ir piaster.
t-fc—i knife,
q-wjlu*^ piano.
f-fc-kd-'-P't"-'*' confederation.
f.««£«t field, plain.
f.o«a.^ bitter.
ij.u*n.%u, L to turn.
^.«»« lesson; class; — /»l»{fy class-
mate; — snpu»put^L.fi'pL% edu-
cation.
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
171
ij-umu, P *ubu*i_ to enter an action ;
— ujufuiputh^ to condemn ; — u»^
«-»/» judge.
q~—p century, age.
iu*ppf,% blacksmith.
^utpiTuSi, remedy.
0f.u,uMMi^u,t fraudulent, imposter,
traitor; — nt-p-friX treason.
t+v'L spoon.
t 9 "^ medicine.
n,bnflit yellow.
tg-bqAtuhfiQ canary-bird.
tf.kjtnu& pale.
if.lt n. still, yet j — /uo$y»£ p.kptu%%
kp he had scarcely spoken.
tg.hutyu,% ambassador; — utfunp*.
{»<-/»7- conference.
1.yp-i%ntX pronoun.
ij_lrpiuuut% actor.
if.hpAiu^ tailor.
^hpAut'u thread, string.
?.£«- devil.
T** r against; — q-fitfium opposite.
n.h4p face, visage, countenance.
id-pum^. unfortunate; — - mt-P-frt-%
misfortune.
ig.tf-ni.uMp difficult.
tb or tf"»t corpse.
igftwuipmli observatory.
tf.pimuunpni.ppLh intention.
ift»uth L to observe, to look.
rg.Jn.gutn% hero.
t^qhuttf castle, fortress.
i^ k l_ to put, to place.
tfnqut^uip trembling.
if.n^n.nfmL.u tottering, trembling.
if.nL n. door, gate.
if.nt.utnp daughter.
f-»*-4>*» duke.
tlfo scribe.
fHitL to touch.
if.ufputtnnt.'u school-house.
fHC-d school; — iutjuA, scholar;
— -kfrd school-fellow.
n.put[uut paradise.
if.pu,tr money.
•IV—db neighbour.
tv n t. ^ag, banner.
b"_ OX.
buuiQfi singular.
kfbpp bank, coast.
hfrk if; — n L else.
Irputf strawberry.
*i&L to get up, to rise.
^k^T^&t church.
kqu/bustf season; mood; air.
bqp-ap brother.
Irtfpoputnifrif niece.
kfpopnptf.il nephew.
kqk+ reed.
hptutf_ dream, vision.
hpiufitug babe, child.
hpmPtmtutf.^m grateful.
Irptf. song, hymn; — tf_ to sing;
— ti_ singer; — « t singing.
Irrtbe dormer window.
bphubui^ to appear.
bpklf yesterday.
Irpkg elder, older.
hP™L to go.
bpfSuf^ heifer.
hpftutuiuutptf. young man.
hplfu»p iron; — ->+t n capital
(letter).
bp\uy% long.
bp\(tuufipnt.[o K lttX) work; toil.
IrcbPip heaven.
kp\frp earth, land, country.
bptff,^^ fear; — ««*• pious.
bpQuutfyuiJiup sky.
hplfftL. two ; — ^»*» tuf_ both.
bpltfnut timid.
hplfpuj^uptf^ earthquake.
kpzhk sausage.
bpftuufclf happy.
bpfututfULp fuh happiness.
kf^L to cook, to bake.
A.
autJppif mare.
1»ar m jP' anger, wrath.
qutun.utQ bell; — uimnt-u belfry.
tfuipJuAiutf^ to be surprised.
tf*ipub L to strike, to shoot.
atuutulf child.
tfputqni.tr occupation, profession,
business.
Digitized by
Google
172
Vocabulary.
,goum%p amusement.
UPoufynL^L amusing, enter-
taining.
iwwqbrh insensible.
Unburn dress.
ytpq. like, the same as.
qbplb L to put out of.
2£tr«£.fi/f soldier.
vfylkt- to De charmed.
qJtii penknife.
^jpmufuu, emerald.
f*$ sacrifice.
W f pair.
^*»^_ cool ; — uipiup refreshing.
ymu-pp blithesome, gay.
nnLu*pTCu*lu, L to amuse (oneself).
vt^L t° deprive, to bereave.
Hoput^u/b^u review.
qopuiiftup general.
yopivump strong.
k—k being.
kutajk" essentially.
k+ female.
hz_ ass.
kf_ page.
kpH husband.
£l<9.^»j-uy soon.
&t J bt£L to break off, to inter-
rupt.
jAf»iAbin±piiu% participle ; re-
ception.
t %y.*L%{i L to receive, to accept.
ptifoppiutQi^ to copy, to trans-
cribe.
!**£_ to do.
pLp*»j^ course.
i^Ppk L to sup.
c^Prte supper.
phbujj present, gift.
pHtp companion, mate ; — ««J««A
social.
&kv!bL to ^ e drowned.
p**ffl_ to say; — —-lUfL *° mean «
P—+ crown; — u#«.*»/i king;
••*-$£ queen.
/*«"/* hand; paw.
p-usJp. saddle.
PuAt^ujqlfo) precious, dour.
fiuSb&P dense, thick; dark.
pu,tflJ,%iuQ handkerchief.
(9-usst.uiJln^ to fade.
p»un.ln_ to perch.
p-ausnbpus[uiuf_ drama.
pu,u,p*% theatre.
p,»PfJm&k L to translate.
p-tupifilu&nup-lttX translation.
p-utptT fresh.
f^uMi. thick, bushy.
p-w-u*ifri_ to roll, to revolve.
p<M*fh L to pour, to empty.
P-tbL to " ow (i nto )-
p-hqubfe sleeve.
ptpLu light.
pt^ cord, thread.
pb^^pk^ to suggest.
pkpmi.pfit.% fault, defect.
p^t%p fig-tree.
Pq»*-4 pigmy) dwarf.
Phj tea.
Ph shovel; — «*4 oar.
ptphmXH butterfly.
ftpyhutPmH. arm-chair.
ppt. number.
^uuunat i to stammer.
/&£P«uyufi*«} pocket-book.
p%, t u,%op cannon.
p%^u*gMii_ to resound.
pgiu*ify enemy.
Pint-usm. wreched, miserable.
pmJfii-% cub.
p$$quL.^ to leave.
Pyh poison, venom.
P m 4tL fascinating.
p*»-tupiu%mt.pin3i arithmetic.
pmL.ui4w% date.
p n ut L to number.
A>««- t fig
P--P mulberry.
p^-fu brown.
p*uqP paper.
P nuhuiumpb^ to poiSOU.
p„up sword.
Pn.ih L to fly.
Digitized by
Google
n il mw mtmmm
MM/H*"
Vocabulary.
173
p«L£»<_ir bird.
Pigtuduih spittoon.
tfuoT hour; — uthwQ time; —
tu^upS- watchmaker; — -'dVd
watch ; — «A«#J«iit- once.
tf-iutiluftut^p'h in time.
J-tuJuihhi^ to arrive.
f/-$Mtitq.nm rusty*
</ us <y ""-£** ribbon.
<ftttM.itf1>f. heir; — */_ to inherit.
tt»qn$[_ meeting; — mt -pt people,
multitude.
Jaffa smile.
^•H^L ^° smile.
<tpu*fiuh diligent.
bq& wish, desire.
fitTutuuini pftt.% wisdom.
fijuiuutin3r wise.
flP»u, L to fall.
file property.
Itttgltu^ut^ monarch.
fcut^u/u ass-driver.
fcjfuuA, prince.
t&t'L to descend, to get down.
b»k'U u instantly.
bpbt—-^ evening.
bpys indeed.
hpl- oh that!
pt.f^ oil.
puputftmhifn-p each, every.
|o»/_ to weep, to cry.
gau^mhtu^utft laCOniC
Ptfii broad; — «**«»«-««£_ vast,
spacious.
[uiusnlrhfi alder.
ibqnt. language, tongue.
£*. mount, — ain.
lb* lake.
£—[[.% quite, fully.
iftffU'L to finish.
in^utpat% bathing-place
£?!«!_ to swim.
£-/« light ; t — &*"y y L to publish.
\ni-un_ to wash.
int-utgtupui[niL.$l» washer-woman.
{m^uuSitgM transparent.
jmLu/fc moon.
£»cwtr^ to shoe.
I»«-P news ; — ipk^u *° send word.
l?<-stP match.
Uumuj^piJh silence.
£»fr/_ to hear.
ipw+tp newspaper.
IPPiL.pin.% insolence.
fi$iuplr[_ to deceive.
fuus^%kg_ to bite.
/uusqiuj^to play; — Ap toy, play-
thing.
^M/^u/^calm, tranquil; — m-Pftt.%
peace.
fuuiqu,^ grapes.
fu*uj(^h L to sting.
fuu0h—.p- shop.
A««£_ cross; — t«»£. desk for a
crucifix.
fuutnJh mixed; — mg -p+ mixture.
(uutputquJh whip.
fuui t (uiM^lr L to grope along.
fuwpmfc—fk^ fair-complexioned.
fuun.tup darkness.
fuiuftuhki to hinder, to stop.
fr^l-sb clever, intelligent.
b* b l4> brain, wit.
fulrqf poor, miserable.
A»*H fool, silly.
luftmm very; hard, harsh, sharp.
tuijjfJTnopl/i, conscientiously.
fuJbi to drink.
[u'huttfp care.
b&i-i to laugh; to rejoice.
falf.miJh cheerful, merry, gay.
fu%wni%g demand, request.
tu%w b L to ask, to beg.
fulw hJ% pray.
(UhAmp apple; — *ty tree -
b»lb>ib^ rustling (of the leaves).
b""L P*£ i ~~ k m lk % acorn.
fum^muiT reflexion, meditation.
Iu»$u,l»g kitchen.
bim^supmp COOk.
b»m^b»r prudent.
b"u ram.
Digitized by
Google
174
Vocabulary.
tun%iup$ humble.
fumlutp^iS conjugation.
fumlu*L. damp, humid.
lumLf^lj, fatigue, weariness.
h-fp big, stout.
fauuu»uSisu*i^ to promise.
lu»uu,m£uh{, L to confess, to own to.
ftmummL.tr promise.
fumta grass.
lump, — *!.%£ deep.
fitmputh altar, pavilion.
fa-M—L to snore.
^ W / , ^^L to think.
h-Pi^L to shun, to avoid.
fumpntn^ pretty.
lumpmuM^k L to crush, to dash to
pieces.
jum.%mt.uiS- crowded.
fun.ui^jjmja tumultuous, turbulent,
agitated.
fr^-iti. to De troubled.
fuputu, advice; — £/ to advice.
hpi^i to send.
fupn/uu, imperious, proud.
h ouut ktf'"-Pb^ u conversation.
fuoufa to speak, to talk; (u^«#^
qutmn) — tO CrOW.
fang word, speech; — p pn.1*i-f, L
to enter into conversation; —
nt -V&L to address.
*-*t»l_ to rise; to break out.
bu,fuk L to sell.
Swqbb flower.
o^usq^utut^ young.
*—lkbL to flower, to bloom; to
flourish.
bwqi/mj flower-garden.
Sutqpkf to mock.
o-usfag or o-u»qjf expense.
o-uAp heavy, severe.
kusuop- acquaintance; friend.
*■«*«. tree.
kutpuit. thirst; thirsty.
husutu^i^ to expand, to spread.
*k*b L to beat.
*«P old; — mL-uf, old man.
hrfrlusmhifr ridiculous, funny.
bfcMtmXutli swallow.
buu,%fi L to beget, to bear (a child).
Vubquy cymbal.
ta##»2«£ parents.
&upuin.pbi_ to kneel.
k%oui jaw, cheek, chin.
hm l T{ r m r m$m*.p-l*X) fast.
*VL ^ az y> idle.
A-*^[_ sea; — utmy or — tun sea-
coast, shore.
A-ffi_/fii_/?^cir laziness.
**«-/«• smoke.
**Al to bend.
hrpusp parcel, packet.
6tftu* L to undulate, to fluctuate.
{uiqtT construction; binding (of
books; — u t l i l l t tm b L to form,
construct, to fashion; — t L
to form; to bind.
fap- milk.
i^R^L drop.
/fUM t mt.us& estate.
b»ujuiunutu gibbet.
faluL^ to hang.
//u/4^ tulip.
4««4»t-2_ soft.
l(us$uiL.mpbi_ to furnish (a house).
f«M{f«M/i«« M ^ furniture.
t«»»/_ lame.
{<i#fof JZu^ inkstand.
f<«f^ oak.
bwtltup vault, arch.
\utJus£mi.li slowly.
tusJmLpf_ bridge.
iustfc will.
\uyu»u station.
husjbwb lightning, thunderbolt.
\uy»r mast.
\mffup emperor; — mt-^tX em-
pire.
^uAut^_ green.
\uAtq. uimJut^ to stop, to halt.
\u*uq.uki_ to erect, to raise.
\utip-kn_ lamp.
\*»un% rule.
Qusumufu early.
t—l'&L to call.
^tuufutp lead.
buswym blue.
^utm.usu^uA coachman.
^uitt.utilutplri_ to govern.
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
175
(u#«.jr£.£«f < trlr£_ to build.
\uMma,^f raging, mad, enraged.
tfwmuipkun^ perfect.
I[iutnuiph[uin»p&hi_ to improve, to
perfect.
fyuiUHjuih- mad.
^tuuiML. cat.
{of/tuff, butter.
\—p+ class, order; — fi ***/_ to
arrange.
^uipif.tu^ to read.
^uf P /r L to sew, to stitch, to seam.
j[„i r klu* L to be able.
fa u r Mr L to think, to presume.
QuipQautn hail.
%u*ptf short, brief; — *£**£. to
shorten.
far J} r red.
\mpJpiuiuJiif_ redbreast.
(«r/H^£_ to redden.
^ujfn^ able, capable.
fuf/fom needy, indigent; — *«~
p/ki.lr want, poverty.
%uijj/$b axe.
$*~V life.
((b^uiunp hypocrite.
%&fbni-uiuiu,{,p illusive, false.
4&i«*l_ to stay.
^b%n.uiitui^fip portrait.
Ifhl^uAft animal, beast.
(It«lu#« cherry.
\h«Hup mother-in-law.
^bpufuptu'iifi appearance, face.
Jfc« half; — tt^P midnight; —
op noon.
b&Li_ to milk.
ipl woman, wife.
^fiuutpiug ajar.
Iftutnuu** enamel; dotting.
tfoe passion.
tffiJw climate.
?lfp round.
\b\tl_ to couch.
ij/jb island.
(i/o»^ skeleton.
fjltf woman, wife.
^^^ to be filled., to be sa-
tisfied.
i-p- handle.
\-p n q^ obelisk.
(m^m>{ billow, wave.
\»1»T side, part.
fyn^nuftnb^ to rob.
\nKut\ button.
\—lu count.
\y- virgin, maiden.
k M i!?L to call, to name.
{»£»<_ «r calling.
4*«y eyelid.
{nuffun rude, rough.
\>"L_ cow.
\nurpbg_to break.
% np bu&b[_ to destroy.
4»/"*^_ vigour, power.
^npnLmtn lOSS, Waste.
4*»«-fi. compact, firm, solid.
(»*./»*£ breast, bosom, chest.
k*HltL to adhere.
4*.^«- quarrel, struggle.
j«W*- sharp pain.
fwvufc linen.
f •»»/» bit, piece; — k mm p p^b^ to
tear to pieces.
{«mc.j beak, bill.
\pb f to bear, to sustain.
MP* double, two; again.
M % *L *° re peat.
4 r %u*^ to be able.
\putubp younger; — -f V % young-
est.
f«^£$ shoe, boot.
\otfiuliuMp shoemaker.
4 u "t il tL to put on, to wear, to
dress.
$*—U»L. to cough.
^ujtjfeu scarcely.
^us^nuuf^ftutn rare.
^u^ui^b^ to persecute.
^ui f f, L to melt, to thaw.
^ui^uitM/tMUflfbp constrast.
$u*tfb[f agreeable, pleasant.
$u*TCp[_ to please.
$ui*y# pleasure.
^uiifiuAtu/ls in conformity, accord-
ing to . . ., alter.
^utJuMiLosj, brief; — m^p-flul* ab-
breviation, extract.
$u,ifiup for.
$u,Ji»pA <»f free, frank, bold; — Aj_
to venture, to dare.
^uitlpuiu fame, renown.
Digitized by
Google
176
Vocabulary.
fajfrkprnup £*.% patience.
^uiJfimjf kiss.
^utJfiaL.pi L to kiss.
^tMi*/mqk L to convince.
4—Jpki to count, to number.
Z,-u Armenian.
$uyk£ looking-glass.
itfF father; — H papa.
Suilffius*, rest, repose.
$usiif.]£l_ to repose, to rest.
^SlifumuipuA resting-place.
{ufir^urjtMi quiet, calm, tranquil;
— of£l cooly ; — fi[_ to appease
to calm.
{itflf £iy^j_ to meet.
^uAiTC-p genius.
$u,2. mt "-bL *° De reconciled.
{uMfiwf age, size.
{«M«{f1baf^ to understand.
fam%fi L to arrive, to reach.
^MfMfttAr ripe.
$t*nmp volume.
^mpuiu south ; — ^ffif — ern.
$wpb tax; necessity ; — —w^L
to compel; — «««-«f necessary,
important.
^utpmi^uim rich, wealthy.
$u*pm bride.
^utpmmmt.p-^% wealth, riches.
^u»p a muir question, interrogation.
$wj bread.
^-c hen; — ftp- egg] —4 fowl.
^«-*»u.|. equal.
^b/li«w«^ to believe.
$u0M-iutniupfrj* true, faithful.
{«m.«4j»««.^j_ to join together.
{frf&aatfuAr ironical.
<^ f t 0/ >^ jocosely.
$*2_ meek.
<;&£«#1^<_ bicycle.
<4^«tf author; — mi.p-fa.% au-
thority; work.
^utm^ delightful.
{*«.«i*f.^««4 telescope.
^bm.m\uiM- to gO far.
{*«.»«_ far, distant.
{£» with; — *«-&_ to follow;
— kt-mpq. attendant.
^ku,mifipg r $tL.p^f,u% curiosity.
<;bu,tru«,%£ consequence.
^km^lrmk successively, by deg-
rees.
$qop mighty.
^£* poor, unfortunate.
$frui%u, L to admire, to marvel.
^a*j«cJ* admiration.
^JS» now, at present.
$/* old, worn; ancient.
tyi-uAi^ sick, patient; — «*1>«0
hospital.
$[,u»b L knit, to weave, to en-
twine.
{£«.«£« , — «^/r1r north, — ern.
tyi-P guest; — w%mg parlour.
^lutytuii^ obedient; — ^ to obey.
frwpbi^ to invent.
^u'/'fc inventor.
$*lft. *° pronounce; to ring.
$»*£ soul; U-«-/»/» — the Holy
Ghost; Jki-'-'i' >[puy — tau$i_ to
love tenderly.
$» L top.
^m^f, unveiled, naked.
$*imf*u»r declension.
^»* compact, dense, thick.
$*q_ soil, earth ; — —kv m mound.
^ajmt^Mf grand, magnificent; e-
minent.
^-VL wind.
$m»[w%tuu»pmup-fri3i shadow; pat-
ronage.
^Hjutlfi shade, shadow.
{»£o*i»«9 umbrella.
^-^m valley.
{•{£«. shepherd.
^mpp^mh horizon.
$mt-<H*»- robust, strong.
^w«««j subject.
{«7a»/M» proud; — —-&■£*.% pride.
^n.^uti t u$unp renowned, famous.
*«4«W giant.
Sputfalf exercise ; — fii_ instruc-
tive.
Spuidfyk/ to command, to order.
^piuJUit command, order, permis-
sion.
$P*UPe ardour, fire.
^puM^jt, marvelous, wonderful.
$pmfu$p*,% market-place, square.
$pusmwpm\bi_ to publish.
$puigut% gun.
4pw-bplrL_ to invite.
^Pt^ fire, conflagration.
^P^L monster.
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
177
^oputgnjp aunt.
$o P irqpujj r uncle.
^opbqpopnpnf, 1
cousin.
a*
Au.fr, (Unj,) left (hand).
Auy% voice, sound.
AlrmXuip^ enterprise.
AknXng glove.
Abn^, hand; — »i£.by..., through.
AbpptuLtufb^ to arrest.
Ab*. form; — ujLb ruf b L to form;
— tutfbtri _to shape, to represent.
*A horse. "
Afrp-buf, olive-tree.
^A*-* snow; — !*[_ to snow.
<t«/fr*. winter.
An^b fish.
qtuJputp lamp.
^4 rudder, helm; — u»i[tup steers-
man, helmsman.
tfus^tup rabbit.
Tfutfaut forehead; — «*^/» destiny,
fate; — mJutpm battle.
T&ut/puy way; — hi^L to sefc out -
XuiJpnpy. traveller; — A/_ to tra-
vel; — »i-P/n-u journey.
7CuAiLn.utnt^ scratch.
■fuSugtu,^ to know, to recognize.
*um2_ dinner ; — uign^uiL reckon-
ing; — k f to dine.
tCoi^uL taste.
XW»*t essay, speech.
"Aom.Muq.tufP- ray, beam.
Xwp means, way.
T&upmtup skilful; — utpmubutn ar-
tistic; — utujbtn architect.
TCb^h to cleave; to crack.
iCbpiHuL white; — tnku linens.
^f^H to squeeze, to press.
*tlt just.
Xb'-'L branch.
XfH knocker.
****"•• t sparrow.
Elementary Armenian Grammar.
* *Z*L to press, to subdue.
^lt^i_ to adjust.
■fyfiupftu, true, faithful.
■tfitfiupmnt-PfiL.u truth.
*»A« rich, opulent.
TCpuM^uiLuii^ candlestick.
TfoiCuSbutfy pendulum.
Xuhmt-u clotted milk.
uiu$ death; — ««.•»% m.iuu$u»uiuip^.
""•4(. to suffer death; — %-^
uutanu mortal.
«"u,<;frX bed.
«%/• mother; — tk mamma.
tfiujpu$ifiia.u*» sunset.
inufputgmqtup, capital.
Juiubuili necklace.
Jlii'hLnt-PftL.'h childhood.
ifiuan*_q child.
Ju»h^ lad, boy.
Jiuup, — fify small, minute.
itatjuib worn.
«/fc« part; — ^th particle.
«/«■»*» finger; — —ufi ring.
Jluutbu/u book .
timutbuutifpnup-ptAt literature.
iiuimbuuin.u$pui% bookcase.
uuMuthm pencil.
Juiu/bfc traitor.
tTuipnutpgun pearl.
ifi-Pf. man.
i/z»/>£ Ju?ub L to set (sun).
•R»pt» bird (hen).
JutpJhu body.
Jutgu,n_fi L to struggle, to fight.
ifutpnt-p clean, neat.
uuq>pb L to clean.
ifiuppnup-jiiJu cleanliness, purity,
Jh/uMifiuqAM melancholic.
Jk/uSb ink.
JbfuutL pink.
«*&* great; — u» P b L to esteem.
Jhntuunp sinner.
^if gentle, mild, soft.
tibant. bee.
&14L sin.
Mr*.us& dead.
Jbn^/ff to die.
Jbmu,n_ metal.
12
Digitized by
Google
178
Vocabulary.
silk.
Jtp+i L to reject
A pig naked, bare.
A P X near; — kl~j_ to come or
to go near.
Jk^kluy machine.
*+ mist, fog.
jpm$b only.
JpmJp- simple, artless, innocent.
jfm.% f mJlyt> at the same time.
Jfm.mp\ together, in company.
jpm, bm»i_ united.
jpfm+kmi incident.
Jffmm insect.
ITff*rlf-4-* (*•<-) Mediterra-
nean (sea).
Jpfy*P+ broker.
+ t"4f naeans.
+» meat, flesh.
Jjtup mind.
JfP+ fruit.
Jp$m^i_ to run into.
j^Mfur scissors.
jqmt-wir prompted.
3lm, L to remain.
«£«*{ labourer.
j*m L mu(d^pt.% vice.
V&*r wax, taper; — —4«#/_ taper-
stand.
JmmXui L to forget.
jmupu*i_ to beg.
tss* } beggar -
i/fc^ to be cold.
Jlnuikbi to contemplate, to think.
tlmmgfi intelligent.
JlnkppJ* intimate.
tlmllri to enter.
Jpu*iplr L to nod, to nap.
ilpfmm smooky, sooty.
jpguXusti prize.
tfhm near; — u$imum imminent;
— tr%tu L to come or to go near.
tfhpuigyp aunt.
Jbpbqpuyp uncle.
juiqp-m^tuL conqueror ; victorious,
triumphal.
juaC-lu often, frequently.
j-+L to tarry, *° loiter.
jmymXk L to express, to reveal.
j-5f— »f*r program.
jm&bmp* sudden; all at once.
j-V'f gufltv* fruity-
j^tTT. successful; — f|_ to pro-
sper, to succeed.
jmfmp^. successor; following.
jm,M-mifm$*m$i_ to advance, to im-
prove.
jmrnsmf/piff next.
jm,m.[, L to gaze.
7 —«4 bottom ; pavement ; ground.
jmp+kl. t° respect
j-ri story; roof; £*«mA»*4-A j-. r (r
home.
j~pl»kbr to attack.
j~pJ--P It, proper.
j~l> u,kl~*iim.l eternal.
j^2T mtm k memory; > — as a me-
morial, in momory of; — «*f«&
monument.
jPl*/jMr L to remind.
j»f.ir«f* weary, fatigued.
J*»Vz_ to be fatigued.
j$*jumpMMug_ to be proud.
«/«r hope.
jmmgmmg UOOpOO, pewet.
jm^nm^ L to be moved, to be
touched.
jma.m*0g_ tO hope.
jmt-um^g hopefuL
jmi-muslum,p—- p-p^h despondency ,
deception.
j«i_«»^ in the hope of . . .
jopp%h L to fashion, to make.
%.
%m§m first; firstly — j»fl^#«««-fty*.1»
sentence; — w$»yp forefather.
%uip*u*%l envy, jealousy.
%mlu—mk L to offend, to insult.
%uiiup%u t pki_ to prefer.
Xiufump^. former.
ItMf^cwitf. state, province.
%— «/2m4 letter; — mmm*.% postoffice.
*»«tfAz_ to loot.
trM#«fMfM«nM*^ hare.
lu*pp%f_ orange.
%«•«- snip; — «*t boat; — «*^«A-
f /b««n harbour, haven; — mm^km
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
179
captain ; — -»*$*£ sailor ; — «»«-
—ftp crew.
1»k*_ narrow.
*k— arrow; — fy_ to throw.
*»*/» sister-in-law.
%kpp*qtf_ tO extol.
%hph^ to forgive, to pardon.
%t*pl i *y present.
%bp$ t ib(_ to inspire.
%tpm.iT pardon.
%tpm in, within.
%t^p- matter.
t»(«ul»Mff loaf.
Ifof/f painting, picture; — «■»* A/»
description; character; — */_
to paint; — fo_ painter.
% J2ul» like, alike ; — ftL to resemble.
^£u#^u#4»«-^t_^ meaning.
shot.
%ju$%tua-up noted.
%2$Ku ( >bl to perceive.
*»•■/*» same; — £»4 even.
!»»/» new ; — ««#ifr*.ni_p^t1i fashion ;
— «•**!_ to repair, to mend.
%»pt1* His or Her.
l»m_uif uf^aft»fL£tf concert.
i.«Lu» ? ^ to play on a musical
instrument.
r»c£ r gift, present.
%mufiput^uM% sacred.
%**-2_ almond.
trtYwcnuff aim, purpose, end.
%u/u*p$ut[tuTfutn. grocer.
% U utj, L to sit down.
jiuputp- week ; Saturday.
£«»$ gain; — £$«•*» interesting;
— Al to g am » to wm
^u» t evening-dew.
£iuquifo$u$n babbler.
^u»%p- thunderbolt.
2u»itk shirt.
2utn-ui£_ clash, crash.
£<auf many, much; — «£ a great
many.
2$umu*luou talkative.
2*upJ-k[_ to move.
£UYr»cJtr««( continuous, continually.
2*q*—p sugar.
jlrgm accent.
ibpuitT silk-worm.
ibput slice.
2bV*tt__ to blush.
ifokf to make.
^A^_ bottle.
lWd"i-dtL dazzling, flaring.
tfutSfru'h clash.
Z3&»0 chain ; ««i» — chainless.
2hnp$uiQw[_ Ct&'L to thank.
gbnp^k^ to grant.
£#»7&?/uft. steam-boat.
l-ff* vapour.
Z*iu>i t° twinkle.
2-qnp-pP- flatterer.
2jf-i"y market.
2**% dog.
L*t%2_ breath ; — —*%lri_ to breathe.
2*1-2*"% lily.
1»l# shadow; pomp; honour.
lt>ibL% rustling (of leaves).
2Pgu»fu*j**.pfii% walk, roaming.
2Pt'-i*k»" gown, robe, dress.
2Pt.PL to wander, to walk.
t-P^T. magnificent, fair.
"tt spirit.
-IP lamentation; — kp+ tragedy;
elegy.
"thvL cluster, bunch of grapes.
"n% spine, back-bone; — m+*y$*
-if*/* salutation.
**f*t%lrg_ to salute, to hail.
** style, manner.
-I* strength, force.
w£_ no; — t^L nothing.
*lf*—p sheep.
»ML»f.A-£_ to water.
**ftq.u*p the golden age.
*u\b*o&bi to gild.
-«kt golct
»*a» limb, branch.
numiuju web ; — -»-i weaver.
**m^*A policeman.
*tf(t$uuu* ocean.
ntaututu^np rhyme, poem.
**,%*» Aut/u tramp.
-*igt foot.
i»PP orphan.
m P+ worm.
12*
Digitized by
Google
180
Vocabulary.
m etb son.
-pP- calf.
m e p-(u0ui»iXb) vine.
"P'l^L to decide, to fix.
m P nt[u*/h womb; belly.
mamutu$i_ to thunder.
mp^uit^ how much?
»P* game, prey; — «*«/«•»$ game-
keeper; — »/»«■ hunter.
"■•if/. *° want.
•«-f tfi. t0 direct, to aim, to correct.
ag.^ut camel.
*iL.%iM/it*t-Plii.% vanity.
niXhl—i to have.
m*.!^**^ to listen, to hear.
*«-2_ late.
bilk.—* inflated, swollen.
uuuui%—l_ student.
nuuM-tT study; — uu*puA college.
L 8tL teacher.
««.«*&£_ to eat.
jvLfuff. adze.
M-ptufu glad.
3.
tuip naughty, evil, bad.
i^flpt^L *° torture, to torment.
jmM+uiqu.%0 exceeding, excessive.
i!V dry; — *»«•»/. to wither.
l»Hgmu,ui%{> quadruped.
l^ma-mp needy, indigent.
^gJ^q*st a %kf to excuse.
Ij&w^ admirable, fine, charming.
u^utfutta palace.
«««»$ watch, time; — ^ for a
little while.
1u,$u&fk L to demand, to require.
iw&l_ to keep, to observe.
mutquttntufutum.% imploringly.
^uj/Pfii-l, hurt, crash; report (oi
a gun).
»t»ijbk guard, page.
$iusftusn. bright.
mgugiRuu condition.
m^uuL^mli inn; — m^hm inn-keeper.
t^iulifp cheese.
tt^u»2*nlrf to adore.
«j«f£«i«Y«Afr£ to defend, to protect
u t u*£mo%ku f , minister, officer.
ugujuf pope; grand-father.
«yo*M.a«<. old woman.
mtum.^l»i_ to lie down.
■yiMMi wall.
^ to happen.
*i* youngster.
>%e shroud.
>*. slice; — **£««**_ fork.
juuiltki^ to answer.
T
■yivtftfr^ to surround.
^uimtrputq$r war; — ^ to fight.
tyuuff^cf punishment ; — 4/»^ to
suffer.
t^usmpL. honour.
tyiMM^fr/i picture.
u^tufTCtum. cause, reason; — «#/iu»i»£/_
to reason.
ufuuttTmLpftLl histoi*y.
muim^tf proper.
t^uitniq-utiT balcony.
ttfMfMfitft.ttfiftt.Mflr toot-stool.
ufuimut-ir^ tO honOUl*.
ufutuinLtrif, (== fttttfrn.) reverend (=
Rov.)."
fffMf*>fff.^Mfi» window.
•f|Mf«tM.£r^ to tear.
u^tatu$$»t^iuptri_ to shelter.
utuiu$puiu$nki to prepare.
«jMff danse; — ttf<Mf»«.£«# ball.
««Mf/iMftf|^£_ to be occupied with.
tffMffMffffV^ to fatten.
■MMf^ittiVt. offer, gift, prize.
tttMf^ff^ simple.
ajMf/inl (== 0|.) mister (= Mr.).
«jMffi«i-0Mf4fV/ to contain.
uttupuiui.tr/ to blame.
ufUipuiuityuAnt.p-pt.% duty.
•ffMff«f£ra_ garden; */-»* b— — kin-
dergarten.
vuusputfiatuuMu gardener
■ffttfttiff^u" I must, I owe.
iuujputmLp-fuJu defeat.
tutvpuig debt.
«/Mfj»Yttf{*V£_ to encircle, to com-
prehend.
u^kpTCui/uou eloquent.
«I^A-ttf( wasp.
««{««•«-£_ nightingale.
ujqfuJi copper.
«jf|/&«tMfttM/ti bronzed, copper-co-
loured.
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
181
«vn fe l pepper.
ujqutHp turbid, muddy.
ufi.wti jilate.
«Y»i. tail.
*ifnput navel.
ufnuufftfi^ doll.
uiipuA»g coquetry.
uf..iu^ crown; wreath, garland.
iifuiqutpkplff to fructify.
ujutmjut walk.
ufuinuq^ fruit.
ttfututft^ to walk.
•Vf *£/_ to get rid of.
A>
£u,qu,j^ mill.
£u,%us L to try, to endeavour.
fuXuMukp diligent, active.
fhpj* lever; warm; hearty.
£bp$fb m.u,%q. deVOUt.
fnt-P water.
fph to water.
£i>{<»«- waterfowl.
IK
«-««$ way, road; — ibp<fj pioneer.
n.™^ vulgar, popular.
»u$$iRu% frontier, limit; definition.
uuAutp comb.
nuiuutf,// intense, excessive.
utupbusti blackbird.
tu,pun.iuq.l,% fearful, terrible.
"-"tpbl. barber.
ubqu/h table.
uttT threshold.
uh%huM^ room.
ukXh^utufhui chamberlain.
»tp cream.
ubftmb, to learn, to study.
«*«- black.
-kp love.
aPtuiftfif to come to oneself.
,ul»pui\u$£ darling, beloved.
ufip—jivtftf to win (by love.)
»fa>k L to love, to like — t dear.
"tc^Pt lovesong.
.,(>p n *X pretty, lovely.
ufrptn heart.
-fuuMf_ mistake, fault.
u^piiiu^u/it primitive, original.
»h»hi_ to begin.
..iwufutpb vain, boastful.
uirfMjLw taffeta.
u % n *.lq. nurture, nourishment.
•As annual bOX.
uH^talf nightingale.
vmufafl, dreadful, horrible.
»»i_ famine; — u^t.^ hungry,
starving.
«»4»P kp he used to.
unfcpnufJ (tuh custom.
un 4rl'L to learn.
»—-1_ dear.
unup sword; sharp.
$mupp saint, holy.
uuLpiC coffee.
uufu/L%k^ to kill, to murder.
mufuinXtuL to threaten.
uufutuuiLup servant.
uuftuub^ to wait, to expect.
««Y«"""-£A maid-servant.
mnXtutnuM% greaves.
umuihuii to get.
-utnputif_u*u inferior; — u»Qm& sub-
junctive.
»uf»t.bp shadow.
»pu*$ drawing-room.
upmJgiin witty.
»ppu*qpbf to correct.
»ppu»nu,% sacred, holy.
upptuuibqfr sanctuary.
"ptk'Ht rascal.
upTCu$u$ntJti coffee-house.
U if,»j,b L to console.
n fn_b L to spread.
t[ gu*%iu*0miS admiration.
i^uAj^bJ, excellent ; — # wonder
teiP tiger.
{u,ju fear; — ^—i_ to fear.
ihu/uTfu/ki end.
4uilu0%b L to frighten.
tfui^bi^i ancient, old.
4"*qc. to-morrow.
i^V-d l° n g since.
ifut^utn.ut^uit merchant.
jutT&un^ wares, goods.
Digitized by
Google
182
Vocabulary.
feffwf fierce.
farrf wild.
t/mgrfkiJIf minute.
fusii Hjtiti cage.
t/mmAm^ chicken.
{uim-*^. gun-powder.
^M»«» bad, vile j — m$mkm weak
of sight.
4m*At L to waste, to lavish.
i^f—tUP curtain.
4~P1- rose; — *ty — bush.
<f/»^ trained, expert.
jutp+m-ikm school-master.
fmp+iHpmm School.
i~P* wages, pay; — -«t*/_ to
reward.
fuipmt-+m1 bird (cock).
juipmLfiL to treat, to deal with.
4?*P m hair, tresses; — "ikcv
hair-dresser.
jk^ut%A% generous.
jk$u»ifc—m.»t.p-fri.% majesty.
t/kpm^MimXut(_ to return.
i|Jbjr. (s=s ^/muyuumu-fr^) Dr. (d0C-
tor.
ifkpuip^mt. coat.
i£sjh mt ~' r remembrance.
4*r***L to lift.
£*/.£ end; — /fr last; — fl^ the
latter ; — "»/v- twilight; — -»—^
to give an end.
jkpLmmmtX upper room; woman's
gallery in churches.
4k»T stone, rock.
Mug wound, cut.
i^p-fumpp colossal, gigantic.
fb+wli water-spout, jet.
4£in sorrow, grief.
Y£*y<«fu*ir romantic.
itp-py* surgeon.
^pun-»pk^ to wound.
ffusplr L to pay.
£ty«t limpid.
ft— loss; — ««$««/» hurtful.
jzmiu4pmi.pfii.1i suffering, grief.
fmkS sublime; — ««£»$» sub-
lime in thought.
i[mmut^ confiding; sure; — A/_ to
confide, to trust; — m^p-fiaJh
confidence, trust.
^1 danger.
iel>»itl_ to miss, to go aside.
4e*P* brush; pencil.
mma&mui anxiety; crisis.
mm W brother-in-law.
mmqmimp- talent.
»-»/_ sister-in-law.
»«■»/_ to give.
m—fam—4 board; — •»«!»* floor.
H"^ 1 still, yet.
»«*/>/_ to carry.
-- l^f roof.
■m«W pear; — **»£ — tree.
—^"^ to fell down, to over-
throw.
mmm-tuu^tatifgi affliction, distress.
mampmputmy. Unfortunate.
nutput^k^ to spread, to extend.
■"■vA year.
«•«•/»!• element; — «vf«fli elemen-
tary.
mug warm, hot.
»*2_ place; — 1» instead of; — A
"■■•I. to yield, to give way;
— £ mi%k%u. L to take place;
— here and there.
**bmk1 l u* g < bhi_ to inform.
»kqk\mA.p-[n.% information.
wkuu»4 sort, kind; species.
»kmiupu/b scene, spectacle.
«£«<£ sight, look.
mtpku leaf; — -#"* fall.
<«£/» sir; lord, owner; — «w%/
Sire ; — »*.tr«»4««i» Lord's, do-
minical.
wfiaatrpfQutu universal.
»t>liF b lady, Mrs.
"A*- day, day-time.
mfumup Sad.
wfiipm^l»^mt.% dolorous.
mfw/f weak, feeble.
mnuy boy, child.
"*♦*£. to plant.
<n%» P k% director.
wiyutpfa printer.
wiununpn^p-frili printing.
<n^l_ to print.
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
183
m»t.% house, home.
ufpumuf sad, sorry.
u»oh feast, festival.
puaT flock.
/»»««£ moment.
£■»* low; vile.
S u,Jlu£ land, continent; — -ufo
terrestrial.
3*0* night.
S u/b s net, net- work.
filpH day-time.
s Hu,fj, s joyful.
jjhgnmp rags.
s % S muq_ watering-pot.
8*14 flashes.
jj»H_ bull.
/f-uuf rod, stick.
fjnuput cold.
S pni.tr L to disperse.
4r^«A shawl.
^o^ dew.
4>-l-ltL to fl©e> to run away.
^,utpjuutiu^ui% fugitive.
i" u tl/'L to cleave to.
^■WL lustre, splendour ; — Ai_ to
shine; — »«-*» bright, shining;
— *»i lightning; — —mwfkg^ to
lighten.
ipuym WOOd.
$uin-m»lrp ambitious.
+-"* g!ory.
tpuipiumhi to dispel.
fusjiuq> desire.
'P^IVF hat, bonnet.
fb-uy bridegroom.
tpbmnup feather.
'tuJt'L to be pulled down.
f%utn.&L_ to ask for, to seek.
»t»p-»l»ti storm.
tfwfu-^ufpA mutual.
fnfuutpfr for, in exchange for.
f n p*ki_ to change.
^"VS street.
ipn^nfum-Ppuh change, trans-
formation.
$»gp small.
jUi_^«««£«ftr diligent.
ipnuhf^ bunch, bouquet.
<t—-l_ thorn..
ijfL to blow.
+n-h L to spread.
fufitufJ- mat.
jpp%»t-P-fiL.% salvation, ramsom.
•P m ltL to walk, to step.
.^af^u/lmy priest.
^uiqutg city, town; — w^km
alderman ; — w$ylrmuiput% Guild-
hall; — tujtup polite.
4>w*lBr sweet, delicious ; — —pwrv
kind, gentle.
4—Jp wind.
^guiXiu^ ruler.
4P*t_ brave; — « M /*r A £. to encour-
age.
j>T stone.
j,u,pni^ sermon; — *£_ to preach;
— I*L preacher.
^$ujjus[u vinegar.
^hn.u»ifj>^ niece.
^bn-ttpq-fi nephew.
j>trptufyuiiint.p3-{ii3» grammar.
4>& rancour, ill-will.
jpP-ufr flax, linen.
#tp- nose.
^\u/uu»i_ to sleep.
•efyvi. delicate, tender, pretty.
4fyp sister.
^ni.% sleep ; «**» — awake, sleepless.
.£«<«( purse ; — «*$«•«» pick-pocket.
4tpf>»utn%lru(j Christian.
^pdm^f, priestess.
O.
o^tiuM^mh assistant.
ofi»fr^ to help, to aid. •
of.**.** ^ m '7^'£_ to profit.
Digitized by
Google
184
. Vocabulary.
•f"—k—e useful.
•t air, weather.
•P*-k box.
•ftki.m.1 lodging, dwelling.
•i snake, serpent; — mu^myu
winding, serpentine.
•*Ajs collar.
•TCmiM. SOap.
•m—t stranger, foreigner.
•F day j — £ every day.
•f^V law.
•rb»e* young lady, Miss.
o^^a.^^ dying, in the pangs
of death.
-P&^L. to bless.
$fi»rffc florin.
^psmhmkf^it French.
Digitized by
Google
V. Vocabulary.
B. English-Armenian.
A.
a, an «£i •#£&, tT'i
able 4««!"t2_ t 4Jfrn.i»^«M«t
abSUrdity u,\$nbqnuP^f, u %t
accident u/muiui^u/p , *«{»£■■»&•
account <««^A«-i
tO aCCUSe f*fpvuuinuAjbf_i tfbqiuypbii
tO act £»/»«•£/_» ^utpna.pf_t
action «/.»»/»*-. — »^L/Jp<i
active «f npbniXbtuj . Iibp^np^ui^tuh t
actOl' q.bpiuuui% t
adjective «*»£««$ •»!» t
to admire ty—i"*^
to adore «j««»£«#ifr^ t bp^pt^u$^.bfjt
to advance jmn.iufu»%tui_ % j«*«.«#^
fus^ P jb L . i n _ $«,i,^f ,
advice fapujut. funp$»i_p^t
tO advise fapuiu$bg_ $ funp^nupq. utut[_t
affair ^«*/^i-«r, ^npS-%
afternoon jkui/Ag,, jb*. Jftiopkfi,
age {«»»««(. muipfe. ij.uipt
agO *>n-u$f_. long — 2.u»u$nti0 t
agreeable <•»*%{£ *
air Of.* sY^cutncrf. QbptfutpuAtpi
alike fc*yfc, ti&At
alive »7£ 9 ikl^uSbfit
all /»«/"/*• ««!M,. not at — /iluu..
— of a sudden ,7*^071*, ^„„
alley *t««-»«-^. Iippnt-^fn
almond fc-t.^. — tree fc^to/t t
almost tpbptt
alone «M«.o#l»^/it» , *ifruaii»$ubt
aloud pwpAptaAayfii <
alphabet uypnupkli
always «#£««« ^tt&u«fy«tfys
ambitious ^•u«.t««£|M
amusing ipoub^n^^fi^t
ancient ^qbjpy tyl t
and fr«- , arc t
angel ^pb^mtu^t
answer t^uttnutufu$$$% 1
ant Jpff,tXt
any .£««l^ t£, ^^ *£, «&»« «£t
apartment jtupfmpmd-fiit t
apple iuh&»p. tree — -itys
to apply tfiJb^t
apron ^»»^1#«^j
architect TCu»pn$iuf.tui^bmt
arithmetic ^««-u»p«Ajrf.p/^_i,s
arm /*u#y«t_$ . — chair Pfrfht-p-nn. .
— S ff^M
army ftufircvf 1
to arrest Abpputfaib^t
to arrive J-mtiUiib^ {u»«l/&g_ t
art utpmubum . — ist i[.kfmpi,i_bm~
muiump t
article J«»7-» JoipuLmk. $u*tn»uui&t
to ask 4u*pjjhb L . — charity »£»|i~
Uni-P- fruit fu%tf.pbtt
aSS 4"£_» «»i-i*#lr««»Jt
assent $**!.—% nup-fctXi
to attack ju$plmtiln_t
aunt ^optugypy itopuqtmjpi
author <*^u#$, tfiumbliturfpt
autumn <■*£»«.% s
to await «#«Y«««fr/_» #&«*»# •
back f«L%<»(
bad «ft£_» jfp*
B.
btttbut
Digitized by
Google
186
Vocabulary.
balcony t^u$—2!t ut ^ %%
ball *y •»/»«« £«»lif.t» ♦ f iL.%m . f.if#j.««f i
bank ^km—ifr • f./><m/2u«>a&.l>. — note
barber mu$ifipf^_t
banner ?/>•£_*
barren «»J&«.£_i
battle tfw ^unniuiRup m , dSupm 9 tyM#~
mkpm^Tt
to be £fwt_*
bear ««i»£«
beast faw^Mflfi
to beat tblkij nuipXku
beautiful t^sh*
bed ««tr( M ^i At^« to go to —
u[ iu n.^£_* — rOOm %%fiumt%kut^ t
bee Aqmu, — hive +kp-m^%
beer +-pkfa*.pt
before «»«.£**., «*«.««£«
to beg £*t l^L* •*■ A. # — f° r J5r *—
r-- , L . —gar *n,i-pm. d M%
to begin »k m tu — ner •t« A »»4 »
%mpt$t-u I
belfry {MAf«vf «•*»«£•
to believe $«*.«m«-^i
Bible u«««»--«.*u^«t.i»^, y. (=
bicycle &*—%}*- *
big *"»*•!»«
billow (•{««(> «tAp«
bird p-m-t»**i —of prey fAz*"-
4*r —
birth **»*.%£ , *u# f «i.iT. — place
bit 4«t«/»«
bitch ^-»*«
to bite l*ml%k[j
bitter f.«*«.l»« #
black •**.. — bird ««#/i^u»J. —
board ("£**-) tpwvwfuwsuQ *
to blame «^«*/mt»i_^_t
to bless •¥•<**£_•
blithesome q*»-—pPt
to bloom +&&tu t-ihtu
blue («M«y«^«tt
blunt p**-P-*
body JtupJfftii
bonnet 4>&q3jp*
book f Afl£ | ArnkmSk ♦ — CaS6 f /»«"-
f.t*ptu% i dmmk%muf.utpuA» — keep-
ing mn&tpi0liuaimt.p-l>i3i • —
seller +p mi b?* u ' m - %
born Wf**^" • was — Mb*»*. t
to borrow #"£• a»«M|_s
bosom *»ji
both kp^mu^k mg_t
bottle ihu «/■»«-•» (r «
bower uutpifcflkut t
box «rl»«Mvi.f . •P'hutln
boy «fi*^_» *»w
branch *£<-£_» »«*»«
brave •*«»£» "*rA* — vy — •■.^■A •
to bray q^-^u
bread ^«*^<
to break {•f»j£g_, — down *»«»-
breakfast !»«•£»■•»*««£/
breast £»*•£.*) fm-|4jt*
bride ^«"/»« . — groom +k**y t
bridge ^mJkuffj
bright «fl«y£«m.»
to bring p*/»*/_«
broad i*yk*
broom —»-ki_*
brother kqpyp. — in-law uikkp^
brow ^Mf(ru*Mit
brown p-*»-frt
bubble «yct£«»4«
tO build Imm^-gmSkku ££*&£_•
bull S ma -L' — OC ^ C jm*.mpwf t
to burn w^L* i^^L 1
but p«w *%ffl' t
butcher Jk~+»pk «
butter (ufMif «
butterfly PAl""*Af •
to buy f**£.«
cage ^utl'^-u'f i
calf $*pP-t
to call 4«A£*£j k m d?L %
camel •«-t-»«
canary-bird ^k^Am»k^%
cannon px^mk^p-t
cap fr«4«
Capital tfiyptqpwqutg • tf-fiuiKuq-int-fi,*
f.*^f mm. *{i t £«f f tffir t
Captain i««»*-u#Mj£r««f. ^t§tppupun^kin t
care $»*.» AA»««£ . — ful $»$.«#*•«- ,
fu%utilm$a* leSS M'i'^aft
carpenter ^A*-" 1
castle v^*<«4<
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
187
cat i u
CaUS6 iquimlCutn. » n.tum »
to cease t—tetL 1
ceiling Xkq»i%t
century f—pt
certein "*"y+ • — ly w«»««-^/t». t
Chamber «M»fr«#4» j*np$pq.uipuA* .
— lain ulriib^tuu^kut ^
chain zffr"y • — less u»% — t
chair «"P»«.i
to change ^-/ub/j
character t» J«»/iu»^|» ♦ «/»**/«..
cheap utt^taiin
cheek uy$nt
cheese «j««ty/i«
cherry ^fr«.«*«#. — tree — bufit
chicken £««-fr««*f t
Child Ju*h»*-4, utquy. — hood Jiu%~
Christian jipfiwAbuy . — ity
church H^i^jiti +—•!**
City J>u»quy>t
class 7 «»«» ♦ k u 'l"t • — mate <y.««»«~
fX^hpt
Clear J—nm^^ £tyut, npnjj
clever $i»«Y»«#«^«t, jubgwjfit
to climb tfiunjru if-it*»-tu
Clock (•*-—£) J-wJmmyn. ©' — <f «/ Jp t
cloud «»«/Sji
club ««fJi»t-«^, U-^P*
COat i[hpu$p^nut
COCk ifoutntun t fun$titu»L t
coffee «»«-f»rt\ — house uptfuip$$jk t
COld £nLput % tqUtq_l
COllege numnutfhiupu»% t
colour 7t/*'» — s tv°2_*
to come f-«»£_»
to command 4r t — n ?j"L t
compliment p—pbut
concert tf«cu'f.af^ttftrf.£-tts
to conclude «t»t.«7f»»*|_t
to condemn q-uiuttutmutpmbu
condition 4b*">ki f-0««./ty«A f tyay^
«AAt
conf eder ati on i—pui fo » ^.p-fti.* t
Conference q.bm»q$u%mfmnp4nupq. I
contented *»<t
to Contract iquyiiut%€uqpbgj {urn*.
uttuinbit
to convene q,*t.ituipmi-l»u
to convince <t»«ft^^t
COOk fun^trnpuipi
cool 5^»^f_t
corn —pJmfet
corner •*1»j£«-t»t
corpse *£» fA«"f *
to Correct »a-*_qb/_f mpp.utq.plru
count {»«/» ♦ {<»££«- 1
country bptfir*
courier *m*.p$mAjjuf t •
court wppauufe . — yard p-b »
COUSin 4opaqpnpnpii.il t
cow 4 w i s
cream **|» »
CUb P-«J-I*uu, bnpfriXt
CUp q-WLtufl t
to curse u»ty*fyj
curtain t[wptuq.nipi
cymbal b%&mwjt
D.
daisy Jtupq-utpuimbuin^bt
damp fanhuia-t
dance «f«»/». to — — hgj
danger ^-A**
dark «/»«-f?-» [uuii-tup. %ubiP mtqotnt
date p-*i.u»bu»u. utpjiuu. — -tree
auilpwi.tfi»l» t
daughter q.*t.»—p. — in-law $~p» •
day •/»• — time £&/■&{• to
dead J**.™* %
to deal fufpnufiu
dear «A/»fyA- »««-f - «
death «/s*$*
debt wtupuip*
deep A»jt(M.l4)t
to defend w-i$nwm,ubu
delicious $«m/&^*
tO delight qmL€uplTu*jjihk[j
desert uAmmmin^ luJuyft t
desk q,ptumbquiut
to despise -fc—pq.bij wp$tutllup$bLj
dessert mmm%m r bpi
to destroy 4*r *•«■»*»*£_» f*t*U
devil frfr*-t
deVOUt 9bpJbn.tuuq.t
diamona wq.u»Jwuq. t
dictionary putn.tupiu%t
to die Jkm%^ij
difficult q.o***-uipt
Digitized by
Google
188
Vocabulary.
diligent £wVM*£f, </y»««£«A«
dinner *«»£«
director mLopfrx
dirty wnmnmt
disciple ««#j«^fy«oi
to discover f «*A4/j
disgrace i»u/^«*«n^, , u.$ibp %
dish wtTuXt
to dispel tfruipuiuiku
disposition /A «««-"/» «i./0^-t#, «>jt<««.
Jtuq.pmuP^t% t
distant {&«.»*., ^6«.«<t-«ft
doctor P<tpzH» t[tupq-wylani
doe ujjhksufi^t
dog ^«i-1bi
doll ttfnuu/pfifi t
door f.«<.«Li
to double (/■(if(«MyuMf»{)£2j
dozen fyf ««t«««lb&«ff t
drama Pmmbpm^m^t
to draw jE—filj t^ mt kff^L}
to drink k»J^u
duke f«^«»
dull pP—Jjiui,
to dwell /i^/^^t
E.
each t ,u p u tg ut ' tt t£ i -r «
ear «ij«*i»£«
early ( —%*$.& t
earth */>^/», $» t . f £«,/,*,. __ (iUa ke
kptypwgupif- 1
easy ?£<-f/&<
to eat hlw^i
education Y""""A"7 , °'4 JM -/ ! ^/ ii -*' »
^pp-m^p-p^t
egg t-H-WP, *««-«
elder fyfy*
eldest Lpfyu*f.iyLi
eloquent tukp-^mpuXi
emotion «j»«"«/««.2««-/7^«.l s
emperor f<wf<
empire ^-pm^pp^h t
enemy pg'uiJfit
enough jKfM.(cufu»fc) t
enterprise ifr****/^ , £»/*&*
essay **«*«. *
estate f««{ff«-u»4-< '
to esteem Ml—pb^
eternal jusa-/nub%ts*4»sshi
even ut%m.mtTt
evening fi f H-^. good — /•««/»£
every «■#***. . — where — «<-/»4i •
evil jTf •
ewe Mf^pi
ewer —»mJLX , tiftf 1
exactly *£?^<. , uJl^p^iu t
to examine ({"wO^to*!.* ^«/>-
example of^i«f <
excellent m^V*^* £"*fa*
exception pm,g**m.—-PI»i.%x
exercise ^«»$«i.i.j , £—p+f-Pfti.% 9
*yusp$aui^u*%ui.pfiL.% (f.aaf»yij t Jimp*.
ULunltupn*
expert ^*«/»tA» ^Mgiiwf £«», ^utpiukisil
tO extol %kppmqki_,
eye —i4>* —brow j^V
P.
face ?£<&, ty£r.n
fair ±#A«« t , i^zhH'
faitll ^LIHW^. ful ^LIHMIH.
fame £u#j^i«M. f ^M.^u*(t
famine ««^s
famous ^«««(fitt*t.A««^t
fashion ir«/t«cri£i.««.^^t.tr 9 uituputaj
fate p—q»p *
father ^«^/»» — in-law ««A£/» f (&««.
— rw
fatigued jn^fci**, lumXfwk. to be
fault Pkpm*-pfn.m t ufuui^t
to fear fwfrX—u.
feast M£«/^. «Mu)ti
feather ^«"»l/h
fever ftytTs
few #fc,» a — .£«A£ «^.*
fez ||r«t *ik*™rk %
field fLM«2M>f u»pmt
to find f«M2_»
fine ^^»*«5L» fkjm%li»
to finish iP>jf^^ij ipwjhku
fire ^/»**'4i $**-p» to — {/"*( c^^L 1
fireman ^pn^pmm^t
fish i»i-(* — erman «tyl»«/tMi
fit JUMpJuip . Ul/utStUnfttttTt
flatterer i-q^mpP*
nOOr ututfuuius^ustltub- 1
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
189
to flourish busrffi^i
to flow ^"»/'£_* P--"(>^U
flower bu*qfi%. to — ^—litij —
- garden S-ui^nu t
flute upp%a.t
foot -uift . — step ^buig t
to forbid «f>¥A|*z.'
forefather umlumtmjp .
tO forget JhnXmfj
fork u^unnu$n.u^utnj
form Ahi-i ^kptytupuiiyi . to — ^^«-
to forsake /9-nnni.^j hphuk Atg-b^j
fortunate pntptput^t
fortune ptunn., ^*upuu$nuf9-^L% i
fount, — ain «#£#»^*.fr, £/»u#$i»«
foX utanufcut
fragrant pn».pbn_x
free «»/•*• « «#/»A««^ t munim >
to freeze uu,n.pu
fresh p«#/»tr, £»£!
to frequent ju»Te—ful[_t
friend pwpbl[u$J*. — ship — »*.*.
tO frisk fttinfutut[_, atumQuib^t
fruit Ufuinuqj uipn-uiufy> «
future uiu(iun.ufl f t$itntua.uij t
G.
gain £«*{. to hu
garden uftupmkn^. — er u/utpmpi^.
ututh c
gate tlbb tf-nun. t
gay nnu^pfrt
general uopwubtn* phn.^tuitnt.p t
gently Jbn»r K ntl_)i
giant ^"Icy »
girl *»qlfrtt t
to give *nu»i_ »
glad nupuiftit
glass puttfiuL , uttuuityft t
glorioUS ftun.un.npt
glory #«»*.£ i
glOVe P-utp-imtuu , ifriciriry t
eoat «■«/* . he — unfutunj
'od H«f««»«.M*6- 1
goddess 7Aj««-#.
gold ««$A«
good p—ph m i£k* P'Tftfi* a —
deal £"«»» «£*» ^*fy_ •£•
to govern tyutn-utftupb^ — er $«««-
"■•"ffr — ment tu*n.utjuipmt_^
gown ipfu$un.bum> night — *A^~
putunn t
grammar ^^wp«L^ L li
grand .»*, <«,«»(«».,, —father
«1 ««Y • — mother $u»ty »
grape fttmqnq_t
grass fr*u$n*
grave u.bpb nUbA t
great dbb*
gl'een tymuu*^, m^wm $uijpu»l[ l
grey *»|»£«
to grind u*nu»i_t
grocer viuutpu»ifu$tftun.t
ground n.bmp% . — less uA,^f»9l »
to grow «.^ iL . pijuhj
gWllty J uAt d u "- n Py »*jpwm.npbt
gypsy ^«»- »
H.
hail Ji»/tJ«tt#». tO tnbqtuf_>
hair «/z»^_t ^j»» tftupun •
half 4^«. — dead t(puu,Jbn_. —
made ^fu^mtnutp »
hamlet ^4-^» n-fiunu*^
hand ^fr*t^ . — in — ,lputjtu,% t
handkerchief p-wfipuut^ t
handle f»p» fr/»«»A»a.f«»£_t
handsome pwpbAbt. t
to hang Jm#A*^£_*
to happen ■Y«t»«»«i»^£_t
happy bpfu/iifiQ, pu»pbpu»uutt
hard Jm»/i£/»» ufp%n. f n-dnuutp, n-ui~
J-uiu . ly ^tuqfri. , n.J-numpuit. %
to hasten tpnuf^ui^ utiCu*ufm*pbf_t
hat t/ibntyp, u-gfuuip^
to hate uMmbu
head 7^«-A» • — ache m^tmnun. *
to heal p^zi^U p-'-^-^u
to hear |**jl«
heart ufo™*
hearth n»«-/»u#4, •*~^»
heaven *f»f /tyf» »
heavy bu*hpt
heifer bpflujj
help Ofi»nt.p-pLu, tO — ' o^trfy_.
help yourself ^pmJbn^t
helve f»pt
hen <««»«.t
Digitized by
Google
190
Vocabulary.
hero tt'-s utt ^ *
high p*upXpi
hill pgma.pt
to hinder *"/■?//£/_» km ufut^k^t
history *)<■*«» J2»t-/9-/bAJir t
home mmt.% | p%tsautitir^ut% juff t
^uyplAfet
honour ufwmp*- . to — m^mmma.tt^%
— able uguimmuutpJ-utLx
hope «/•/«• tO — jmLmutfj^ — ful
jmLuutjJtjj. — leSS utyymt
horse *fi*
hospital fyuu&y.uAtmfi i
hour J-fiTi
hoUSe uinaJltx
hue kpt-it}, IpijA, fry*"
human ifoptrfuyfim . — ity tihtp^^.
^p-puX i
humble pnAu*p$, g u*bx
hungry u»mop-ffx
tO hunt mpmtuij, — er npunpt^ i
I.
ice <"»il t
idea futquitfuupt
idle *$/£_• «Af»|^«
ill ^....tlf.,
immediately wMpft—nk-x
immortal —%&$%
imperial 4<^«frj>««f «& t
tO improve ju»m.utfutiitui_t
inhabitant p^^ttL*
ink«/*/wli f p-ufcuyt. — stand 4«»~
qtutfiup l
innocent u*htlbq_ f J^utJpmx
insect Jpfiumt
instructive ^pu$^»A^ij foPfe,
[uputuiuiljusli t
intelligent *r—-gb) —-ib*r*
intention JS»—fp—.p-tii%t
interesting £«f^tf««ii, ^bmu^pgpm^
i^x
intimate MakpptTx
to invent fr—pk L *
invitation {/■««. 6pi
iron tpkftup-i
island fff£*
ivy p-q^ij
jewel ffat $ **•!$» • — er —tjuifwm. %
joke ^utmaat^, mpuifuouna-P-fitA t
journey *-M£«/tj.m.p/fc4. , ir.
joy -.puip*-^p-pi\, a %^mt.p-pJmt
judge tf—mtuunp* tO — q.s»nk[_x
just »^ t , "Tf*f> *&?-• *&£*-•
— as well *?£»/• *y*-gk- «*£_«
justice wpi[-u$pin-P-fiaJti) fipuu.$nJit£X
K.
key p-iL-i^x
to kill ««fl«#%*fr L , Jmpp-ku
kind «»£«««{. j>—qgp (mpmpy) %
kindergarten Muit%i»i$ympttik}»i_t
king p-utftt*~i»p . — dom —•«.«.
to kiss $«»i£«i-|»*/_, «y«#^^i
to kneel SXptu^pk/j m
knife ^.«A«»4«
to knit ^puuk/j
to knock p u§ lt t, 'L\ — er ^4«
to know "fu&fcuiij, ttfiut%u$i_t
labour —tylu—tmutiftf x
lad Muh^. — «*.{*
lady **Hlht —frp—-$frx
lamb f «M.fc(*c.f) x
lame t«*2.»
lamp \tM,%ftl-bqj qtuJputpt
language /fv^*-» p—pp"**- •
large «<&*-» p%^.fpAu»^t
lark uspmymx
late ««-£.«
to laugh ty*«»^£_, pA^tugj
law o/»4Vi
lazy *-/L> «?f*r*«
lead ^«#«^«#|» •
leader —m.u»f%mpq. % »^-*^s m ld t
leaf «* f *.- , /**r/* «
to learn -»^pbi_% m.«««tr^«
leather 4«"^A*
left J«^<
lesson ^«t«# t ^mJlup %
letter l»«»«fi«4* 5^/1. «»«««. i
library f/i«Mw*<A> 9 Jutm»k%ut$^m$pu/it %
life (£-«#&£ ♦ — leSS "«*»4 irmyji$% x
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
191
to lift #/• 4£va %h L %
light tf7». ptpbi.* to — en #«-/-
to like mlui»p^pi_ t »[»rb[j
like tr«/a»^»i «*£««
lily int-fiAt
limb •»««»» TCpuqjt
linen ^p-u/h . — s tffrf aAff frf£fc t
to linger mlrml»««#£_ f j^^^qbij "*--
lion utn.pu^t
literature inutnlr%ui^pnt.p-ptJh f ^£~
piuQu$iiua-P-ft*& t
little ^sAi.* ftp?*
to live «"yi»Al» fb~bbu
lively —ilwyJ-, ^«y*-«f«.t
load f»fr«-» ^V^PM 1
loaf ^f ««Wt t
lone wn.uf%Afiii , i^bu*lj Jfrtyhmtyt
long fyj"^* i*f. frfj-v*
to look T»»obLs — about for "/» »-
fcfr^, tfibuin-ki^, — like %Aibfi[j
Lord (8*/») U < " wwt - ttr ** «»4t» "*-
love «4r* to — -tc^L.* — song
lugg a g e #■*•*•• *?/£» to»^t««»/»«"«»^ »
M.
machine i/^M^*
mad %ut»nqu$&- 1
maid, —en fay-i op^np^t
to make zb^U ^U — wa y
TfurJpuy puthut^j
mamma «^/»A4*
man Ju$pig.t
manner 4*/»«y » A^ M '* r ««»i • — s £"/».£ *
many 2f w « , » > put^JSu[9-/n- . how — ?
map wzfauvfasw
mare i?»»lpfrh *
market £*•«-{«••/«
mast i«^«/*«
master «*»t/»» futp4u»u[lru§» tftup^
u^hin . to — tlb*^Lj m tl" uu l^ rm ^Lj
mate g^k^t*
matter ty*P» JmpJfAi, fat
means «^£«ar» i*r«t «
meat «^«« ^/»««»J««-/» »
medal i^u$qpu,tr%
medicine t-*^
menagerie ^
merchant £«rifiwut{Mtfc t
metal &—$utu
mighty {ffft*
milk 4—f*. clotted — «/ai*»*.fc.
to — W»*l«
mill —q?rhe • — er u*qop(?uitu% <
mind «#«vm foyimmvf y joJ-tupnu^
P-fn.% » tO UI%UUI[_l
minister t^tu^utoiikuy , %tufcimp—p»
prime — %u»fuuipuip—uibu$ t
minute <-yi»tfr««»*t !»««*£«
mistake »h m c* to — — Au
Mister (= Mr.) 4|wg»»l (= «!.)«
Mistress (<= Mrs.) Sbkt %t
tO mix jtwwiW^, qm%i.kij
tO mOCk Srmngtkgj, ^kf%kfj
money j#»""f*f •«••»# t
month «•»•#•»!
monument jfa——u*4u$piuhi b»p-*v
moon £«i-»/ilrt
morn, — ing «■#«.«■»«. o«. good —
*««tA £»• «
morrow, to — <«»ic»
mortal »Hu^mi»$ugnu %
mother «%/•• — in-law {tum.p $
motion imp+muJ*t
mountain /*•■-»
to mourn »ft"»£..»
mOUth pbpm%i
to move i-fp+bu «*%*/_* j mL i*U
to mow $W*£_t 4>"»i!hj
Mr. (= mister) «|. (== •j-»/mA)«
much ^«»"» ♦ how — Sp£uf t
multitude mJpnfri, p»f afc./tyct ,
d-uqni[mt.pif.t
N.
•V 1
flrwft...
name «»li»*-t»*
narrow *^«
nation «»i* • — ality
native &H*
navy 1»un.ui—npiri
near «/*«»*
necessary t«»ffrc»/» i {«»/•{ o*c«*|> t
neck ^f^i ^mpmlnj* — lace */*»»-
needle «««A t . — case —utfuiiMi *
Digitized by
Google
192
Vocabulary.
neighbour w»*A. wifo*
nephew ^i^-p»p^% j>km.np^.fit
nest p«/fc*
new *»*»i» # p-wpiTt
next $bt*b*. but[_, ^bu$tu^uy % kfo *
niece k^popau^ffi^ , 4t^ rm - u, %tti t
night *&**•• mid — ffc« ffcfy'
°y — thh-t* good— f fcfy
Nile "ijfrgMfs
no *^. — longer »^ £t« f «■*/_ L* • •
• — matter fb««w £»«-ty <
noble rnqh/H., w^W*^ u,% f £*friTi
noise M#^A«.f, ««^af^««ft
noon f&ao/is
north ^t"- u b n ' — em — **yA*"
nose ^pi
note i>£«ul. ±u,%op- nt _ &[,,_%, ^uip*.
tO notice ^mb^ mtrqk^ittjfiih^t
noun u*i»««-lr t «.^««£Mftr t
novel 4£*y» W/n»^i
now {£«&«» ^/<fiTi
number fty«- . to — p--ub L i
0.
oak iu*qi*[,t
obedient ^Jw^mA^, £/?*-*
to obey ^ >u 'i^?A/_«
Object <MiL<M/ff icy • ircy«fM»«uf s
tO offend ^utfutumb^t
often j»s0iCu»/u f fun* uiUfusiTt
Old Hfif ^/^t $nuspfy>mm. — en
$[uH[kJ} • — man Mrp*L.%fc %
olive-tree Aftp-blfit
open p—0 . to — puthut^t
orange fc«-Y»/rt»£«
order ^-$p^{uit.npmt.p-pt.%)^ cyu#w
snmt-kp, utmuiplCiuh . tO — ^i 1 ***—
«/Zh^^_. UMy»«ff £{_. in — to $«*»-
•iiupt
orphan »/»f»«
other —-pfcij *%t-u*
tO Owe upupiafii_f ufuspin*ul^»u% p{t*"l_f
OWn ««1bitrMf^«wtr i jiUUtUL.^ »tO
frt-pitffhk^ ub^ut^tuitbg^. [unuutm*-
OX *^i
p.
page 4rf.» fy**». JiuXtnutufrtu
to paint *4-»/t^ f ***/■{*£_' — er
*f-rfc_- — ing MtW^*'*
l0bp%u»putpmi-P-[n.1i. %Q uap i
pair TO f •
palace «f«i£UM» f i—uuipiaA*j> t
papa {"y/'M*
paper p-—-q&-t
parcel 4-/m»/»«
pardon !»*/»««. «/\ p-mq**.p-ftLu . to —
**■/•*!.• to as k, beg — Ibpm^j*
fn%^plr L i
parents *%«££•
parlour tyi-p—lmjt
part •/&»« • — icle — tyf »
passion Mv»
patience ^(/ml^^i
tO pay ^Cutpk^j $u*uwa.0U$hku
peace luuti^utqmiLp-pLu , ^uiu^fiumi
pear «»*t»W . — tree — b%fi t
peasant ^ft^q^st l
pen ti»bi_» — cil Jlumfru, . — holder
W£"t m Lr — knife ^//» »
pepper •^^•Y^t 1
to perch p-mm-fa
perfect ^—uwwpbutit
permission fyutJusu , Py^mumc «.
person WW. — age — X—umpm*.*.
physician ^Pii»
piaster q.ut$b\uA t tr ^ r »- Ll
picture ■yuuaffy %
piece fanpt
pig A.- t «
pigeon wi-t-lfit
place «»^t_» to plain ybmbqbu
plain £.«*»£*». ^u»pP $ fTl.*
plant ««>«>clff * to — utit^bf_t
play ^*«^_. to — ftutqiuf^, to —
the piano f.a»£t»«#4 wbbjj
to please $«•*>/_» ^-oCbghb^t
pocket t[.ptutn%, — book fptuuAp
poet /uh1iiii«w^| •y«t,£rjwt
pole pkt-bm.) Xmmj
polite 4—futgwfufp i
poor w^^MfMfy fmbijtf, ^£ry-:
portrait JM»«j.«iA«v^/f , ^«««»{V'
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
193
])OSt uni.p$uiuq.ujty . if.(iflp • Anq_.
Of'flCC tmtifwLiutnnaJh t
pound j>-2_* tfr-i
praise q*q*b-ut. to — 5F--^/_»
preacher ^uipnqp^j
precious p-tubf—qf/kt
to prefer uu»fr,p%utpbu
pretty -frpntJh, utqnt^npx
price f/*i tup^^t
pride ^*qtuputnufrf-paAi s
priest j>ui$uii$tuj y jMni-piTi
prince fejuuib* — ss »«-#»«
printer tntqiuqpfaj
printing tniqtuqpmt.P'pi.% ,
prize dpfftul$uil[ . tO q%iu^winkf^s
\n , OgreSSjwn.utgutiffnfin.fl[iL.'b , qtup*.
tj.uinnL.iT i
pr011liS6 fnnu$nnuiT t tO — [nnumuj*.
uuti, fun itp inuti t
proverb «*«.«#*»
prudent fun^biTt
Psalm U«"2«/«Mt
tO publish $pu*$nu*piuQbfj
punctually #£•» «#«. $£«#, ^2.q-t> f - »
tf uti/tuu^ut^nup-huji/p t uiittlpkut :
to punish Mf,umJh/_t
]>urse j>nu*fji
Q.
queen p*uqnt.<Zf,t
queer «t»//««A^«f^ »
question ^mp^nuiT^ fubnppi
quick uiputq . — ly if*n^P n^ fi u ^
quiet ^uJbtg.iMtp$f. t uthfutpd-t
quince -bp^i-fa
qilite /A*»^A^» pn^npn^fiht
quiver q-"q?*i_i utupun.(n_t
R.
rabbit rt*M»f«7»i
race w^ ubpnu%q. • uip^utu t
radiant f»i.iri»^iiy^, tquylutn_t
raging f«#«w«f^At
ram uiu&pbu* to — uAtApkuk^
boW i-fftuS-uA i
ram A*«yt
I'are ^utqnuuiqi^tq^ ^uitinutunp'i-tni
lay TCuin.iuq.utf [9- 1
razor «#*£/£ *
Elementary Armenian Grammar.
to reach <«ml»^j
to read ^m»pn.u»u
to receive ^y»t^, uutuihuttx
red f/uipJpp. — breast fapt/pu,^
to reject dhp+hu
religion ipohgt
to remain 8uu$u
to repair %«pnq.bf t
report utbqb^utqpp , ufutjpJ-fitJu i
to resemble uifuihfc
respect j—pq-fyp* to — j-vi^l-
fully jutpqtultng t
rest ^uAtqftuut . tO ^utuquutuiutuii
return *[bpuj^,u r A , to — t[h c ,u^
n..iun3iu»i_, fbputq.utp&'hbit
reward i[utpAu»tnpnu[3/nJbt
ribbon «* «MY«««-£ir •
rich ^uMpnuMttt) ifnfut
ridiculous ^[i^utqb^ t
Tigllt n*-qfiq_. m'bufuu,^, utf_ . to 1)6
[tputt-nuuft mJufiltiu/t
ling tiiutnui%{t t oq^t
ripe ^w«wi-1i». mi — ut^utnt
river ^«i
tO rob fynqntqtnbf. 1)61* utuut^.
qu»ff *
roof utuiufigt
rOOin wAlr^ttf^* */#&7 :
rose »/f»/»T • bush — £ty t
rule ftwfcwir. to — bif^^L 1
Sad inpinna..iT t utfunup t
saddle p-utJpt
Sail utn.utqutum • tO — %u$$..bi, utm.
n.utqutuin puthut^* — or uutuutnutfa
%utuutq t
salt «^»
salutation putphi., nqfu/h. to —
putpbub^ nqfuLuhit
salvation fofaup-fiMJi, t
same fcryfci
sanctuary upputmbqft
sand «•#•_«#£_. — y — »t.i»f t
satisfied f«£i ^«»m»j«A- »
sausage ^pibk*
to say £»*■£_».
School tWlt* boy nnqpngutfjuth ,
uijVuQbpui • h0USe q.OfpiuinnL.'u .
— master fuipd-uttqkun
in
Digitized by
Google
m
Yodkbiil&rv.
to see
to sack _
neJo/mi ^s_<
to seL i # *i_ - _
to send *H*z_« jf*^.
sorrow # / »»
uoati* g | — en* — ■
u» spetk ^" #l *
word sinni -rft £-if 4
*>riii£;
shepherd
to shine
2>Lip *— •-*
shirt 2— ftt :
shoe *-jH — ni*ker _ _
2>hopfr *■ P- — kt*j*si —
short |« f^
shot l^ i l » — ~*
shovel p+x
to *hm rf*L' * ■ V'U
*»ick S ^ 1 ■ *! •» — ••*
sxtanoe i^j-^^ka
silk *■ ^l - — worse
silver »q 1 »^3
simple TTl* l a t j
sin *w — »« * l * *r-
sinew ■ Hl 1 i«
to sing V*±L — *r 4 **fcj
sir «-<^* ▼"*■**
sist** «r* — itt-Uw — ^
to sat v 3ow*i x * ii " i fr «
si** v—*. **~/*>*V*
skihui V ^ ■! . r , | - iy ■ t *
sky M> t f| >
sUv* *4f^«
$£k* ^■■■^*
saauW +^fr«» to — +i^ |
wv *K** to— 4J^**:<
s*n*r* ^*
STJiHW 1 * 1
>ock
■4-"* St lit 3
*r*i_*
^u:v 1#H < fc" |- to — #--;
swond P—~r* iii nf *
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
195
tail —fpf "i-u
tailor ibpAmbi
tall ftuip&p(ui$uiumt[) % hp^tt»jh(ui^ui^
UUl/f)t
tea p-fyt
to teach nntfpbj%&i_i «"-«*•»«-#«"*£/_ •
— er Ht-umLijfoi iLtunuitnnL t
to thank g?*p$tufai_ tiu-u
there <»t»«
thing /luA*
to think {unptfo faphrk^i
thirsty *u»/m«-. — ^*
thorn *fi—-i_t
throne *««{*
to throw Ibuihf . — down «»tt*iyt«^
thimder npntnnt.tr, tO — npntniti^
— Storm tfinPnpfiQ, Jf'f'M t
tlJXlQ'f'Wu'uJhuttyi uitnbli • — $ uAtniutTt
tool a-np&fyi i
tooth •»4* L «Y/ X
top n~uin.»v[3 f l^uitnutp . ^#»i t
tOWn Jttunuqf , tatuuAt
toy fumntu/fiftt
to translate Pu»pn.tfuihb^t
translation Puipn.JuihnLppL.'h »
to travel Tfu*Jpnpig.bi_. — ler K*u#«/L
pnpn., nunbunp t
tread ^-yi^i ♦ ^nfuk^t
treasure $«»%*»
tree *-«»*t. *
tO tremble n.nnuif , P pP tuut/ j
true TCgfinpfiui, ^tuututnuiplnri
truth TfiiRuptnuuPftuu i
tO try £fl»1r«r£_ v tfrnpAb^t
tulip fa^of^t
tum H-tupX , tutnnjtn* in — tguipiLuiL t
type tnfiiu , opfihutfy t
to utter *«#«.
n^tuutJbit
b L , utp
A*i
u
umbr
U.
umbrella ^ntfuiunjft
Uncle ^°/»^7f«^//»f tibpbnpiufp t
unhappy ~*xbpfiu%M%
tO Unite J^mgukfj
USe oq.nL.tn, a.npbtubnL.p fctX , ftu$ ,
— ful o/LtniuQutp , — leSS «t»t»«jf£m f
ttMU9tt»$ t
USUal ^m»»m»/»«mJ , mmjnptufa'u , — ly
unifnptupttip t
V.
Vain niuuiuju , u1*uiufiup& i
valiant •£ M »£(«"i»A) *
Vally ^ntffitnt
veal ^nppyiifii
velvet p-utuftzj
verb |i^»
very fufiutm
Vice ifngni-P fitJu t
village tt'-'L 1
Vine npP-{tutnnu%lf) t
vinegar #tuutufux
Violent /UrciLlr, uttmtnfi^ nL.tt-n.fiti t
Violet JuAnL-itu^t
Virtue mm.*ip//*miJ9-fiLut
virtUOUS utn.tu^fihf, t
Visit uygbinLp-fiLu . tO — tufjfbfb^
— Or tujgbfnL. i
voice A«^»«
volcano 4pt-pnt-f»t
volume ^M#m#ffi«
VOW nt-juuiy funuutnL.iT t
voyage ^utJp n pn„uPfnJh t
w.
wade ff«-/»A *t£fc jp-iku
tO Wait nufutu&i_t
Walk intnym, rCbt/k[fy» . to .£«*-
Wall intuin t nptTt
Wailt "j(r«^pt QutpomnL.p-fiL.'u » to —
nLub^j ufkttfp ntJubltuifj
war tntuuibptuniT. man of — «/2w/»*.
uttnuuiL. t
Warm tnuyi* tO tniatpg%bf_» tnuif*.
%uiit
to wash [nLtuu
wasp «^*«#ft
Watch n.ptuuih[t tt-uiJlugyg. tuui*.
^tatnut% f f.£«» . tO — ^»^/_. ^~
«»£y t luui^ugiaiubit
water f mt -p» to — t p ^U m ^- mm -^i_*
— fowl £/»<«»*- . — ing-pot j/»lr^
Wave ««{/!£ f f «*£•*( • tO — tntumtu^
1*f»(_l &ifittii) &-w&-w%ptt
way XusJfrvjj. <$£»j* fA-f«f *
18*
Digitized by
Google
194
Vocabulary.
Science fpamma.pl'ptX »
scissors J|fM»«f«
sculptor u*hf.pl t wf.»p& i
sea *»£•
season ^«»^««Ji
tO See mkmhtrgj
tO Seek +%mm.iri_, »pm%ir L t
seldom j*l*i_ «»fcf.«»«/\ ^.»«-fc «m-/#4£>
tO Sell &uipitrj_* ifuriCtu m.kf_t
to send i»et*U Jt^L* — word
sentence %mfum$q.un$nt-p3-paJii »
to sew 4-t^l*
shame —Jo[B-, %utpiuimpfyi
sharp »»*•/» t 4*w/»w«-J«
to shave *»*£/*£ »
shawl j4*A» L~L l
sheath «j««m«*«»1»i
Sheep mdtmpt
shepherd <»<£«-«
to shine 4"Vitu
ship *«•*- «
shirt 2f"yA4'
shoe f^f • — maker t«2f tM i <M r*
shop juutbma-P . — keeper — «?«»*» *
short (w/itfi
Shot 1»/M»1»U#M.«M- »
shovel J*A«
to shut f »£*/_' #«■»♦*/_»
aick ^t-u»%if. , — ««ti
silence [m.mup-p*.%t
Silk iOrmt»igm . — WOl'lU £*/#m*«Ti
silver —pl—p-i
simple <Y* w /*f_* 'y*"/ 1 f^4 M '
sin «*i# . — ner 4kg«»L »f . to —
sincere «wi4*£*«
sincerity «Af frf***./*^.* •
to sing bp+bi_* — er */»f A*_t */»«••
sir *«4:i»» «^««|»«»l»i
sister .*w —in-law «•»«»/_• **/»«
to sit (down) 1»«««A/j
size ^o#»«wf | iik&uLp-fiL.%t
Skilful iC-ipinutp, ^utpui^i
sky ^/*4^ l " a *^" a * a ^ >r i* *
slave **/»A«
Slice m^mmtmm.%
smile +mfr— . to — J-fufiu
snow *£«-* • to — Api.%ku
SOap O^MTMLt
Soft Ja»f »*.£_! iputtftm^i
soldier ^jXn^mpt
some 4>bt. *£• ^"^b *£*• *** u " *fe*
son "ctb • **->"*£ <
song tyf • — ster frpttL'
sorrow 4&*»>
soul $•»*£»
south ^uipwi. . — ern — ^/ft i
sparrow tf1rifiM.fi
to speak £»•«£/_«
spirit «f£t <*»f£«
spoon 75f «■»£_«
Spring £««#/tiM-1» . tw^pApuiflr . fMtytu..
IfUff S
Square ^uim.m^m^mp . ^pusu^utputlfi
Stable mfunm., f.««Tt
star utuutHt
station {^■mIm
statue u>plm%t
statute *»/»tV» fu«fc*l»i
to stay (ItIim^i
steam i»tt* — -ship £*fto««*. »
Stick ^MfLltffMflri
Still $M#t»fl.U»|M». f»LILl
stocking *•"-/_*?•*/ «
stone ^««/»*
stork utputfpu
strawberry */««/«
street ^"VS 1
student *»«-«»««l»«^«
studious Ki.m»i.a*«t/"
study *m-*»»«-«T. to — **--u,%p L ,
Mtrpmbj^i
stupid —*im*-2J
sublime ^»*«T»
to succead j—t-qhL* «/"»£?/"/*/_*
SUCCeSS jutfrnqm^p-piXt
tO Suffer A*VL *»««£_. mgmmpti- f/tfr^i
sugar lutgwpt
summer «"£»«. s
SUn «•»/»*«-» #W|»4rf.«#Jl
to sup pyp-p^L' — P er ^M/'Ais *
sure »[*t$i$ui$ • — ly — uiptup t
swallow A^**i*.in»4 . to — J**-;
to sweep •««-/*/_«
sweet 4t—f*p* uppmLi$t
sword p-*»-p, unLpt
table »*2«»1». j^M* • M iA«-
— Cloth mipm.mgt
Digitized by
Google
Vocabulary.
195
tail n»f^i ^"jm
tailor ig.bpAui^t
tall pu»pAp(ut$ui—*Q) $ hp4uy%(ut$u*~
•- «»
tea p-fyt
tO teach mmjpkg\kij nt.unLijus%ki_ .
er numni-gfciji ig.umuiu$nu t
to thank ^p^utfuf^ £/g«7_*
there $«^«
thing /!«*%«
to think fwr^f'U t—p^u
thirsty *«#/»««-. — ^i
thorn ^»*.£»
throne f«»^
tO thrOW libuibf . — down miuiyui^
tllimder «/i»«t»«-«/\ tO — npnmiu^.
— storm ifrnpnpfrti* ^ppH *
time«^"»«'"'t' M »^» utmkfi * — £ UMhtfiutTt
tool t-r&hg *
tOOth avfiLagyt
tOp If-UHf-tUp} t l(UtUIU$p . ^Itt t
tOWn ^tvquqn UH-nAt
toy tuiuquiikft t
to translate puip+iiui%k^i
translation A*"7»*« /2 »^'"-W'-*' «
to travel iCiuJpmp^lrf_. — Jer tfu#«/l
pnpn.% nM.nba.up t
tread 4tiyi£i ♦ ^nfukj_t
treasure ^o»W»
tree *-«««.*
to tremble ^»^«/» PpPn-tuf *
true 7C^J!atp[iui , ^UH-tuiftiMipfiiTt
truth Jffiiuiputna-P fit-% »
tO try £«»1rM#^_ f ifinpAtr^t
tulip ^««J««»^«
turn tf.uipX , Hftniyuf in — ^u»pa.uit. t
type utfitu 1 opphuity I
u.
w **t*
umbrella ^w^f-Awj:
Uncle ^opbigptyjp, Jbpbnpuyp t
unhappy ~*\kpfu,%Mt
to unite Jfiutjhbu
USe o£»c«f f q.npbu»b$u.p fct3i * fui$,
— f Ul ofututQutp , — leSS u»lrafl£m f
uthtut^ t
USUal {«Mravf«»f f mm/npat^uth . — ly
nntfnptuptup t
to litter tftun-lriji uvpmuiuuiubf,
utuiinJbi t
V.
Vaill nt-utuju t itiiuittftuptS i
valiant ^^l(^pp)t
vally S—lb—i
veal S-pp-trhftt
velvet p-uit-pfj
verb i»«^«
very A»/t««»*
vice ilhi*i-P fn.% t
village tt'-'L 1
Vine npP(iu$nniXI()i
vinegar jtutgutfut
Violent {twLM.tr, utunuiftk^^ nt.tf-n.fiht
violet a/2ifl^*»i.9u»£ t
virtue ««#«-«»|»Ai»*M-/!y^*.Y» »
virtuous «»«-a<p/M^t
Visit iujffb[mi-Pji$.% . to — u fl8 lr i tr U
— Or uygbgnM. •
voice *«•/*» t
volcano ^p—pm-fai
volume $uM»#f/i«
VOW -t-fuui % funuufnt-tTt
VOj'age TCufJpnpif.u$.Pfn.%t
W.
wade f?*-pb JhfM •P u 'l*L'
to wait M«ya»»4g_i
Walk tyutysn. \Xhtlbffig , to — •£«•»-
Wall «flu»«»i »JiJ"i
Wailt ifk*nj>y $ u*pou$nM-PpL% . to —
na -lbU tu k"ff> tnJiifhaat/t
war ^utu$kpuf^J*» man of — t/u»/i~
ttiuiitiUL. t
warm «>>^* to — """yj^^L* •"•".p—
to wash i*i.—u
wasp «^*««f t
Watch ^pm^utfifi 4ara/Swj«fj. lyin^
<to«y Mft> f ^Mf . tO — ^«4fy_» ^A-
water f ««-/»♦ to — £/»*£_» »«.»£*£_.
— fowl £i»{«»«- . — ing-pot j£t»~.
Wave ««/Ap » J»£«m J • tO — Mnmmw*.
way XwJpuy. Jbl»d* t*P1*
18*
Digitized by
Google
196
Vocabulary.
weak u»t—p, u/b^opt
Wealth ^-ipmmut.p-li$Jii , tkmfumu^
P-fiuls* — V "^-fai ^ujp$$t.utn t tlk—
h-unftutpf^uttTt
week 2. ut B ut P'^ koftltkuify i
to weep i*»ij —ip—i «
well —qki* /«•« • te^-v*
white 'tirpiiuify , uiyjiututQ i
whole utdp-nij jt<7«/>s
wife tA^i 4*^4. t"i«"4/^*
wild fe//»A ♦ 4ayi ,utl t ♦ "***——*•- '
will (r«««(p» J«t««4» — ing jo<fuii>^
{ui^tuiT) . — ingly 4""'*"/^ *
wind $«£♦ — mill ^-nJ$uqutjj. fair
%ufiuutnui»-mp ^i'i[_l
Window ufUiUtt$L.^uiis i jnLUUSlflft-Utl
wine tt % b %
wing /*£*- ♦ P"-ti4! *
wisdom ftiKumutuup-jitX %
Wise pJIuumnt.%, — ly jiifi$»uuiu$-~
Pbiujpi
to wish —-fkij f—i/iuitfa , uAH—i t
Wit ^pp—Ufam « uputtQtin . ^uihtCtup t
to wither £■/'*»«»/ •
Without usn.tu%gt
wolf *•#(.*
woman f/&» i^M'
WOmb npȣujhl
to wonder ^«««/»«/«i«S»««^i <£/*««l»««^*
wood 4"W" • "»*»«»«"«- • A*
— pecker ifnyni/ntp »
word /"««-♦ fang, /««-/»«
wluli/i •
work f */»* 1 ltp^*t»i»pt»-p-^iJL . to —
H*p& irgj p u*%fij_t
world u*z/uu»p$t
worm ***£» "/»t-*
worth —p^u»%lmt . — y wp<LuXfc t
wound 4^/f£. to — i(frpui$-npkij
to write ?/»*/_«
wrong ujlifcpusu y ujuw^. to be —
Y.
Mipklfusis I
year «»u#/i^ . — ly
yellOW q.bqft%t
yes ««/*•*
yesterday A/ȣ(r*
yoke £?«-*■ *
yolk $wi-bPfi if.trijhai.0t
young if-lm-tump . — man tppmu
uuipn. t
younger ^putuLpt
youngest \pu»*»hpui^n{Li
youth Jitiii^tit-P-fit-^* t «Y a " WM *^ i ^ r ( f "*
P-fiL.% , trpfiutujuuipif nt-fd-jtM-l* t
Z.
Zeal iut/u$t*hA» bu-uAjq.. — ous -
UiL.$»p , IfMtt
zephyr ffr^<-«. 9 «^*^«
Zigzag i-w«-i*.««-«flwt«-» oAtuujuinjut
zone comfit ^tuJutpt
ZOOlogy Qkltg.uAiuipushmi-P-fM-'iit
■•/fl-- ■
The press of the Mechitharistes, Vienna.
Digitized by
Google
This book is a preservation photocopy.
It was produced on Hammermill Laser Print natural white,
a 60 # book weight acid-free archival paper
which meets the requirements of
ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper)
Preservation photocopying and binding
by
Acme Bookbinding
Cbarlestown, Massachusetts
m
1996
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
Google
3 2044 036 508 299
THE BORROWER WILL BE CHARGED
AN OVERDUE FEE IF THIS BOOK IS
NOT RETURNED TO THE LIBRARY ON
OR BEFORE THE LAST DATE STAMPED
BELOW. NON-RECEIPT OF OVERDUE
NOTICES DOES NOT EXEMPT THE
BORROWER FROM OVERDUE FEES.
Harvard College Widener Library
Cambridge, MA 021 38 (61 7) 4g5-241 3
t. TtT^tttfz^t: _..^
Digitized by
^oogk
H*
■hi miB
^BffffflHmPS™Pffi
